design and simulation of 5g 28-ghz phased array ... · design and simulation of 5g 28-ghz phased...

Design and Simulation of 5G 28-GHz Phased Array Transceiver WebcastSystem / Circuit / EM Co-simulation with beam steering

Jack Sifri

MMIC/Module Design

Flow Specialist

© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2013

Page© Keysight

Technologies 2017

Introduction

• Why mm Wave Bands for 5G?

• Propagation issues at mm-wave for mobile communication

• Phased arrays and beam steering antennas

• 28GHz is one of the several candidate bands for the new 5G

radio interface. Verizon has chosen 28 GHz for their pre-5G trial.

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Agenda

• EM/Circuit Co-simulation / demo

• Transmit Chain components

• Design and Simulation

• Verification Test Bench (VTB) Simulation

• Analysis

• Transceiver Design Example

• Future work

• EM/Circuit Co-simulation in ADS 2017

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EM / Circuit Cosimulation

Antenna and other

physical structures

Momentum Planar EM

Full 3D FEM Simulation

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Antenna and other

physical structures

Momentum Planar EM


+

Transceiver Components

Circuit level designs; X-parameter

models, EM models, etc.

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HB, S-Par, Envelope, Tran, DC, AC

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Antenna and other

physical structures

Momentum Planar EM


+

Transceiver Components

Circuit level designs; X-parameter

models, EM models, etc.

=

Complete EM / Circuit

Simulation and Analysis

Captures the excitation from

the T/R module and apply it

to the Antenna(s)

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HB, S-Par, Envelope, Tran, DC, AC

The output from the circuit

simulation drives/excites the

Antenna ports

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28 GHz Transmit Chain with Patch AntennaSystem / Circuit / EM Co-simulation and beam steering

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Demo

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Transmit Chain with Patch AntennaSystem / Circuit / EM Co-simulation and beam steering

Plextek RFI Buffer AmpPlextek RFI PAPower Divider

4X4 Array .5 Lambda

Patch Antenna28 GHz BPF

Phase Shifter

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GHz Power Divider

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Power Divider

Designed with:

TriQuint PHEMT process

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Mm-Wave Small Signal Amps

mm-Wave small signal Amp

Designed with:


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GHz Filter Response

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28 GHz BPF

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Mm-Wave Power Amplifier

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Plextek RFI PA

X-Parameter model

Designed with:

GCS InP_DHBT Process

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Global Communications Semiconductors

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X-Parameters

• Accurately captures all non-linearties

• Protects your IP

• Much faster simulation speed and trade-off analysis in hierarchical

system design and verification.

• Accurate load pull modeling capability

Circuit Topology

X-parameter Model

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X-Parameters

Overlaid Results

Model (Red) Vs. Circuit (Blue)

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Mm-Wave Power Amplifier

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Plextek RFI PA

X-Parameter model

Designed with:

GCS InP_DHBT Process

Circuit Sim – Red

X-Par model – Blue

Pin / Pout and Phase Response of PA

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Creating 16 X-Par models of Varied Pout and Phase

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0 degrees

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Using a Four Bit Phase Shifter (with 22.5 degree phase increments)

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Designed with:


22.5 deg

45 deg

90 deg

180 deg

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Calculating Phase Shifter Phase Error

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When circuit 1 is “ON”, circuit 2 is “OFF”

When circuit 1 is “OFF”, circuit 2 is “ON”

+5

- 5 +5

- 5

22.5 deg 22.5 deg

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SS_Gain = 32.75 dB

LS_Gain = 31.65 dB @ Pin = -3 dBm (Pout = 28.65 dBm)

LS_Gain = 29.44 dB @ Pin = 1 dBm (Pout = 30.44 dBm)

Circuit level designs

HB Analysis

P -1dB = 28.65 dBm

@ Pin -3 dBm

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HB Analysis

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SS_Gain = 40 dB



Behavioral level designs

P -1dB = 28.8 dBm

@ Pin -10 dBm

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Patch Antenna Design

4.8 mm

3.2

8 m

m

1.14 mm

0.84 mm

0.5

8

mm

0.84 mm

Er=2.2 TanD=.0009H=.794 mm

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Antenna Array configurations

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0 degrees

CircularUniform Rect. 3D/ConformalTriangularUniform Linear

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Patch Antenna Design (4X4 array – ½ Lambda)

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Applying Phase Shift to Antenna Ports

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http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/Phased%20Array%20Antenna.en.html

The main beam always points in the

direction of the increasing phase

shift.

Well, if the signal to be radiated is

delivered through an electronic

phase shifter giving a continuous

phase shift now, the beam direction

will be electronically adjustable.

However, this cannot be extended

unlimitedly. The highest value,

which can be achieved for the

Field of View (FOV) of a phased

array antenna, is 120° (60° left and

60° right). With the sine theorem the

necessary phase moving can be

calculated.

24

http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/Phased Array Antenna.en.html

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The phase shift Δφ between two

successive elements is constant

and is called phase-increment.

http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/Phased%20Array%20Antenna.en.html

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http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/Phased Array Antenna.en.html

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Phase Shift Antenna look-up angle

61.5 degrees 20 degrees

31.2 10

22.5 7.2

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Sweeping the Phase Shifter for Different Look-up Angles

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Phase Shift Antenna look-up angle

61.5 degrees 20 degrees

31.2 10

22.5 7.2

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Momentum Visualization – Far Field Cut

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0 degreesAntenna incremental

look-up angle = 7.2

degrees

0 degrees

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Antenna incremental

look-up angle = 7.2

degrees

7.2 degrees

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Antenna incremental

look-up angle = 7.2

degrees

14.4 degrees

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21.6 degrees

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28.8 degrees

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36.0 degrees

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43.2 degrees

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50.4 degrees

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57.6 degrees

The highest value, which

can be achieved for the

Field of View (FOV) of a

phased array antenna, is

120° (60° left and 60° right).

-57.6 degrees

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- 50.4 degrees

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- 43.2 degrees

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- 36.0 degrees

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- 28.8 degrees

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- 21.6 degrees

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- 14.4 degrees

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- 7.2 degrees

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0 degrees

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Harmonic Balance - Sweep Pin for each state

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0 degrees

45

Swept power for each phase state

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Multi Band Systems

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For Multi Band

Systems, select

the channel

frequency and

sweep the phase

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EM Circuit Excitation for Multi Band Systems

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0 degrees

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Technologies 2017 49

Switched Beam Systems and Isolation

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Four Channel Switched Beam System

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28 GHz

28 GHz

28 GHz

28 GHz

Antenna 4

Antenna 3

Antenna 2

Antenna 1

Switch

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SP4T Pin Diode Switch

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32 - 38 dB

isolation

< - 20 dB Return Loss

OnOffOffOff

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Effect of Isolation with SP4T Pin Diode SwitchGood isolation; low leakage

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Antenna 2 (OFF)Antenna 1 (ON)

30.73 dBm

30.14 dBm

- .43 dBm

- 1.02 dBm

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Modeling the Switch in ADS

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>30 dB isolation

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Using a Switch with 35 dB IsolationGood isolation; low leakage

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Antenna 2Antenna 1

29.91 dBm

29.32 dBm

- 2.46 dBm

- 3.06 dBm

Good isolation

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Using a Switch with 20 dB IsolationBad isolation; high leakage

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Antenna 2Antenna 1

29.91 dBm

29.32 dBm

12.54 dBm

11.95 dBm

Bad isolation

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Using a Switch with 10 dB IsolationVery bad isolation; very high leakage

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Antenna 2Antenna 1

29.89 dBm

29.31 dBm

22.54 dBm

21.95 dBm

Very bad isolation

Good isolation is important to have in components

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Technologies 2017

5G Verification Test benches (VTB) in ADS

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VTB is a regular component in the ADS simulation environment,

which is linked to the Verification Test Bench (VTB) in SystemVue.

VTBs enable circuit designers to make use of sources and

measurement setups from SystemVue and verify the performance of

a circuit using real world complex modulated signals conforming to

advanced wireless standards such as 2G/3G/4G/5G.

G FBMC Transmit Analysis VTB

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Note: OFDM is the technology that has been selected by 3GPP rather than FBMC.

ADS 2017 plans to include this update. The VTB flow is the same.

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Pin = -50 dBm

SS Gain = 49 dB

5G FBMC Transmit Analysis VTB

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Pin = -25 dBm SS Gain = 49 dB

LS Gain = 47.8 dB; 1.2 dB compressed

5G FBMC Transmit Analysis VTB

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Analysis

1. Effect of the Feed Network and Line Lengths

2. Effect of Varying PA’s AM / PM Response

3. Effect of Coupling and Cross talk

4. Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna

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Analysis





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Effect of Feeding Network and Line Lengths

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Slide is taken from Dr. Gabriel Rebeiz’s

RFIC Symposium Plenary talk, June 2017

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System with identical PA’s and No Interconnect LinesNo added phase

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To

Antenna

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System with identical PA’s and No Interconnect LinesNo added phase

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Phase Shift = 0 deg

Side lobe 14.33 dB down

Null 34.9 dB down

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Adding Short Interconnects from PA’s to Antenna

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Phase Shift = 0 deg

Adding Interconnects from PA’s to Antenna mm

Side lobe 8.93 dB down (14.33 with no lines)

Null 18.75 dB down (34.9 with no lines)

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Phase Shift = 0 deg

5 deg

shift

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Technologies 2017

Phase Shift = 0 deg

Adding Longer Interconnects from PA’s to Antenna

Side lobe 10.63 dB down (14.33 with no lines)

Null 24.73 dB down (34.9 with no lines)

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Phase Shift = 0 deg

28 deg

offset

3, 5, 7, 9 mm

Page

Analysis





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Lobe is 14.56 dB down

Null is 36.26 dB down


Null is at 35.89 dB down

Phase= 62Phase=0

Case 1 – Using Identical PA’s

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X-Parameters of Various PA’s with Varied Amplitude and Phase

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Phase= 62Phase=0





Case 2 – Using Different PA’s

Compared with the case of identical PA’s



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With Different PA’sWith Identical PA’s


Null is 36.26 dB downLobe is 12.81 dB down


Summary: Response Using Identical PA’s Vs Different PA’s

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Important to Design Circuits with Small Variability

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PA 1 Wide variation Smaller variation

Phase

Phase

PA 2

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Coupling / Crosstalk between:

• Adjacent Channels

• PA’s

• Antenna elements

• Feed Lines and Antenna elements

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Effect of scan angle

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As scan angle increases :

– Effective cross-section area “A” of the array

decreases

• Less power to main lobe (lower peak gain)

• Less directivity (wider beam)

– PA loading & impedance changes

• Affects the final beam shape

• In extreme cases can create blind

spots

– More energy goes to side lobes (“grating

lobes”)

Watch out for unexpected interference

(pilot tones, jamming) and false echoes

(clutter) coming from unwanted directions

Q=45o

Q=0o

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Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna

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From:

An Introduction to Phased Array Design

A Technical Note by N. Tucker

15/04/2011

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Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with AntennaPhased Array system Architecture exploration

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NumCols=8NumRows=8

Mode=SubArray

InsertionLoss=1 dBArraySplit1 {ArraySplit}

Tx

Rx

MainCarrierIndex=1

Phase=0 °Freq=2 GHz [Freq]

RxTx=TxArrayPort1 {ArrayPort}

Circuit_Link

Port_2Port_1

DesignName=XParamAmp

Subnetwork1 {Circuit_Link}

RxOutOrTxInMap=1RxInOrTxOutMap=2

DatasetName=HMC543ALC4B_sparm_25C_0.0.s2p

SParamSource=DataSetPhi=46 ° [myphi]

Theta=11 ° [mytheta]

CalcMode=AutoArrayPhase1 {ArrayPhase}

RxOutOrTxInMap=1RxInOrTxOutMap=2

DatasetName=HMC1019ALP4E_sparameters_deembedded_0.0p0dB.s…

SParamSource=DataSetNumBars=2

SideLobeLevel=-20 dB10

Window=TaylorArrayAttn1 {ArrayAttn}

RxTx=TxActiveLoading=Active Reflection Coefficients

ElementPatternFileName=D:\EMPROHOME\single_element_patter…ElementPatternType=Pattern FileDistanceY_in_Wavelengths=0.25

DistanceX_in_Wavelengths=0.25DistanceUnit=Wavelengths

NumElementsY=8NumElementsX=8

Configuration=Uniform Rectangular ArrayArrayAnt2 {ArrayAnt}

Source SplitterDigital

Attenuator

Digital

Phase

Shifter

AmplifierAntenna

Array

S-parametersMultiple

S-parameters

Multiple

S-parametersX-parameters Element patterns

Polarization

Coupling

Active impedance

1 8X8 8x8 8x8 8x8 8x8

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Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna

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Mild blind angles are observed here due to the active reflection coefficients and

accurate models for amplifiers, Phase shifters and attenuators

The simulation can further be enhanced if employed load pulled X-parameters.

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Transceiver Transmit Chain

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Phase

ShiftersAmps

PA’s Filters

Transmit Patch

Antenna

LOS Link

10 Km

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Transceiver Receive Chain

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LNA’sPhase

Shifters Amps

2 Receive Antennas

Dipole & Patch

LOS Link

10 Km

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Transceiver

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Pin PA_in PA_out P_Antenna LNA_in LNA_out P_received

-10.3 dBm -4.65 dBm 20.4 dBm 16.8 dBm -76.8 dBm -34.7 dBm 11.3 dBm

P_Antenna 16.8 dBm

Antenna gain 14 dB

LNA_in -77 dBm108 dB Loss in the LOS Link

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Future Work

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EM Excitation in ADS 2016

EM Excitation in ADS 2017

Includes Circuit Envelope

Allows bringing in modulated 5G sources

from system view to perform full 5G analysis

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Acknowledgement

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I extend my sincere gratitude to the following people who have

helped me put this project material together:

• Anil Panday

• Plextek RFI

• Rupam Anand

Special Thanks to the following people who have provided me with

feedback and support

• Carmina Stremlau

• How-Siang Yap

• Murthy Upmaka

• Bhumit Rojivadia (Intern)

• Sangkyo Shin

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Conclusion

This webcast has demonstrated the importance of:

• EM/Circuit Co-simulation in 5G design and simulation


• Analysis

➢ Effect of the Feed Network and Line Lengths

➢ Effect of Varying PA’s AM / PM Response

➢ Effect of Coupling and Crosstalk

➢ Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna


➢ Using Tower Jazz .18um SiGe BiCMOS technology

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Conclusion

This webcast has demonstrated the importance of:

• EM/Circuit Co-simulation in 5G design and simulation


• Analysis

➢ Effect of the Feed Network and Line Lengths

➢ Effect of Varying PA’s AM / PM Response

➢ Effect of Coupling and Crosstalk

➢ Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna


➢ Using Tower Jazz .18um SiGe BiCMOS technology

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– “How To” Video Series

– Application Focused

(10 min each)

– Free workspace

www.keysight.com/find/eesof-how-to-videos

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design and simulation of 5g 28-ghz phased array ... · design and simulation of 5g 28-ghz phased...

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