DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROID APPLICATION OF BERNOULLI

EQUATION EBOOK AND CALCULATOR

MOHAMMAD SHAHIDIL SAFFUAN BIN ROSLI

UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA PAHANG

DECEMBER 2012

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ABSTRACT

This thesis deals with the android software application which is use in the

android Smartphone and Tablets. The objective of this thesis is to design and develop an

android software application of Bernoulli equation EBook and calculator. The process

uses to design and develop this software application is the MIT AppInventor. The MIT

AppInventor is originally provided by Google and now maintained by Massachusetts

Institute of Technology (MIT).

Bernoulli equation is the subtopic of the fluid mechanics study which is the core

subject for the mechanical engineering students. The application provided all the notes

of the Bernoulli equation which contains the introduction, derivation, Torricelli’s

theorem, HGL and EGL, type of pressure involved, limitation of Bernoulli equation.

Furthermore, it is also contain a few question involved in Application of Bernoulli

equation. All the questions being provide with the manual solution.

Besides that, this application also contains the universal calculator for Bernoulli

equation. This will give easier for the students to calculate the Bernoulli equation. They

just need to identify the value all the variables of the question and use this application to

key in the value and the application will automatically calculate. All the syllabus of the

Bernoulli equation contains in this application is provided for Diploma of Mechanical

engineering students. Survey has been done at University Malaysia Pahang involved in

50 students and 20 lecturers before the Bernoulli equation application are released.

vii

ABSTRAK

Tesis ini berurusan dengan perisian aplikasi android yang digunakan dalam

Smartphone dan Tablet android. Objektif tesis ini ialah untuk merekabentuk dan

membangunkan perisian aplikasi android EBook persamaan Bernoulli dan kalkulator.

Proses ini menggunakan untuk merekabentuk dan membangunkan aplikasi perisian ini

adalah AppInventor MIT. AppInventor MIT asalnya disediakan oleh Google dan kini

dikekalkan oleh Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Persamaan Bernoulli adalah subtopik kajian mekanik bendalir yang

merupakan subjek teras untuk pelajar kejuruteraan mekanikal. Aplikasi yang disediakan

semua nota persamaan Bernoulli yang mengandungi pengenalan, penerbitan, teorem

Torricelli, HGL dan EGL, jenis tekanan yang terlibat, had persamaan Bernoulli. Selain

itu, ia juga mengandungi beberapa soalan yang terlibat dalam aplikasi persamaan

Bernoulli. Semua soalan yang disediakan dengan penyelesaian manual.

Selain itu, aplikasi ini juga mengandungi kalkulator bagi persamaan

Bernoulli. Ini akan memberikan kemudahsn untuk pelajar untuk mengira persamaan

Bernoulli. Mereka hanya perlu mengenal pasti nilai semua pembolehubah soalan dan

menggunakan aplikasi ini untuk dimasukkan dalam nilai dan permohonan itu secara

automatik akan mengira. Semua sukatan pelajaran persamaan Bernoulli mengandungi

dalam aplikasi ini disediakan bagi pelajar Diploma kejuruteraan mekanikal. Kaji selidik

telah dilakukan di Universiti Malaysia Pahang yang melibatkan 50 orang pelajar dan 20

orang pensyarah sebelum aplikasi Persamaan Bernoulli dikeluarkan.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

BORANG STATUS TESIS i

SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION ii

STUDENT’S DECLARATION iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

ABSTRACT vi

ABSTRAK vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS viii

LIST OF TABLES xi

LIST OF FIGURES xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1

1.3 Problem Statement 1

1.3 Project Background 2

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

Project Scope

Project Flow

Gantt Chart

Summary

3

4

5

6

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2 Fluid Mechanics Fundamental And Application Book Review 8

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2.3

2.4

Review At The Google Play Store

2.3.1 Review On Bernoulli Equation Note For Android

2.3.2 Review On Bernoulli Equation Calculator For Android

Summary

9

10

12

15

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 16

3.2 Step To Build An Application Using MIT AppInventor 16

3.2.1 Setting Up With The MIT AppInventor 16

3.2.2 Designing Process

3.2.3 Coding Process

3.2.4 Running The Application

18

20

24

3.3 C Programming

3.3.1 Arithmetic Operation

3.3.2 If...Else Statement

3.3.3 Array

26

26

27

28

3.4 SDK Android 29

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

Concept Design

3.5.1 Concept Design 1

3.5.2 Concept Design 2

Draft of final design

Final design

Summary

30

31

33

36

43

43

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction 44

4.2

4.3

4.4

Final Application

Bernoulli Equation Application For Android

Survey

45

66

66

4.4.1 Features Involves In The Survey 67

4.4.2 The Survey Score Based On Each Features By 50 68

x

Students

4.4.3 The Survey Score Based On Each Features By 20

Lecturers

73

4.5 Survey Result 78

4.6 Discussion 78

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Introduction 79

5.2 Conclusions 79

5.3 Problem Encounter 80

5.4 Recommendation for the Future Research 80

REFERENCES

81

APPENDICES 82

A Flow chart 82

B

C

Gantt chart

Dot project gantt chart

84

85

D Survey form 86

xi

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Page

3.3.12 C programming operation and Arithmetic Operator 26

3.52 Advantages and disadvantages of concept design 1 32

3.54 Advantages and disadvantages of concept design 2 35

xii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Page

2.21 Fluid Mechanics Fundamental And Application Books 8

2.31 Screen shot of Fluid Mechanics Basic Application 10

2.32 Screen shot of Fluid Mechanics 1 Application 12

2.33 Screen shot of Fluid Mechanics Calculator Application 14

3.21 Web page of MIT AppInventor 18

3.22 New project page of AppInventor

3.23 The Designer page of AppInventor 19

3.24 Open the block editor pages of AppInventor 20

3.25 “Save, allow and keep” buttons pages of AppInventor 20

3.26 The Block Editor page of AppInventor 22

3.27 New emulator page of AppInventor 23

3.28 Click “OK” page of AppInventor 23

3.29 The Emulator page of AppInventor 24

3.291 Bluestack application player 25

3.31 Code for if...else statement 27

3.32 Flow chart of if...else statement 27

3.33 Array code 28

3.41 SDK android software 29

3.51 Concept design 1 31

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3.52 Concept design 2(notes) 33

3.53 Concept design 2(calculator) 34

3.61 Draft of main screen 36

3.62 Draft of second screen 37

3.63 Draft of introduction note screen 38

3.64 Draft of derivation note screen 39

3.65 Draft of type of pressure note screen 40

3.66 Draft of HGL and EGL note screen 41

3.67 Draft of Bernoulli calculator screen 42

4.210 Main screen 45

4.211 Second screen 46

4.212 Introduction screen 47

4.213 Derivation screen 1 48

4.214 Derivation screen 2 49

4.215 Video screen 50

4.216 Torricelli theorem screen 1 51

4.217 Torricelli theorem screen 2 52

4.218 Pressure type screen 1 53

4.219 Pressure type screen 2 54

4.220 EGL and HGL screen 1 55

4.221 EGL and HGL screen 2 56

4.222 Limitation of Bernoulli screen 57

4.223 Application of Bernoulli 1 58

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4.224 Application of Bernoulli 2 59

4.225 Right answer screen 60

4.226 Wrong answer screen 61

4.227 Manual solution screen 1 62

4.228 Manual solution screen 2 63

4.229 Bernoulli calculator screen 1 64

4.230 Bernoulli calculator screen 2 65

4.410 Survey graph of students and lecturers 66

4.421 Interactive score by students 68

4.422 User friendly score by students 68

4.423 Interesting score by students 69

4.424 Understandable score by students 69

4.425 Storage score by students 70

4.426 Notes understanding score by students 70

4.427 Difficulties of question score by students 71

4.428 Durability score by students 71

4.429 Compatible score by students 72

4.430 Overall score by students 72

4.431 Interactive score by lecturers 73

4.432 User friendly score by lecturers 73

4.433 Interesting score by lecturers 74

4.434 Understandable score by lecturers 74

4.435 Storage score by lecturers 75

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4.436 Notes understanding by lecturers 75

4.437 Difficulties of question by lecturers 76

4.438 Durability score by lecturers 76

4.439 Compatible score by lecturers 77

4.440 Overall score by lecturers 77

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

EGL Energy Grade Line

HGL Hydraulics Grade Line

SDK Software Development Kit

MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology

GUI Graphical User Interface

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the problem statement, project

background, objective, scope, project flow and project planning of this project. The

problem statement will shows the problem encounter by the students on the education

process in term of reading the notes. The project background will show the background

of android application software. So the objective of this project will full fill all the

problems encounter by the students. Besides that, scope deal with who will use this

application and the syllabus for the notes. Then the project flow will provide the flow of

the project step by step. For project planning will show the planning of the object and

the actual flow.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Nowadays, most of the references book for the students contains many pages

minimum 200 to 300 pages. This is maybe causing difficulties for the students to carry

the books everywhere for study which is will be weighty.

Fluid mechanic the core subject for the mechanical student contains some

formula or equation. The most basic equation is the Bernoulli equation. In this equation

contain pressure, velocity, gravity, density and elevation of the fluid as variables.

Furthermore, all the variables of Bernoulli equation contain two states. So for the

calculation it will be easier for the students to have special calculator for this equation

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without need to simplify all the variables and calculate manually using ordinary

calculator.

1.3 PROJECT BACKGROUD

Smartphone are widely used by the peoples these days. Now even the children

know how to use the Smartphone because they have been exposed by their parents about

this technology. Application software is computer software designed to help the user to

perform specific tasks. Example of the software included enterprise software, accounting

software, office suites, graphic software and media players. Peoples are attracting to buy

Smartphone because of its application on the phone.

Furthermore, using application many tasks can be done easily. For example

software named GPS or the Global Positioning System use as a satellite navigation

system that provide location and time information in all weather which can help us to

searching places. Moreover for the education aspect, Smartphone may give many

benefits. The students may use a lot of books so using Smartphone some books can

downloads easily now days. In additionally, the students will no need to carry the book

everywhere. Besides that, the students can read their note everywhere by accessing on

their Smartphone. So this application will be very useful for the students for study in

everywhere and just need to carry the Smartphone not the weighty books.

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1.4 PROJECT SCOPE

For this android application software of course it is targeting on android

user which is use in Smartphone and tablet. The notes contain the Bernoulli

equation which one of subtopic in core subject of mechanical engineering

students which is the fluid mechanics study. Moreover, all the syllabus of the

notes of Bernoulli equation in this application software is for the Diploma of

Mechanical students which is contains the Introduction of Bernoulli equation

Derivation of Bernoulli equation, Torricelli’s theorem, Type of pressure, Energy

grade line (HGL) and hydraulics grade line (EGL), Limitation of Bernoulli

equation, Application of Bernoulli equation, Bernoulli calculator.This

application software provided the calculator. The calculator use to give facilitate

the students to solve the Bernoulli equation problem without need to simplify all

the formula which is usually in two condition before calculate it manually use the

ordinary calculator. To build the application the scope of the features use is the

button, image, label, and video.

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1.5 FLOW CHART

Firstly, the flow charts providing at Appendix A started with project briefing by

the supervisor. The supervisor gives explanation about the android project and then

suggests the software use to build an application for android. Then follow by exploration

of the software use for the project. Because this software is new so it will need time to

explore the software.

After understand about the software we start to come up with a design concept.

From the concept design we improve all the disadvantages and build a final design.

After that, final the design then proceed with the development process. When complete

the develop process. Starting with the testing process which is use to make sure the

application can be run by the android devices. If the application cannot be run, so it

needs to start back at the concept design process. And then, make a survey which is

involve in 50 students and 20 lecturers. After that, try to take all complains and good

responds from them and start back at the development process. After improve then make

a touch up to the application and it is ready for the final presentation.

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1.6 GANTT CHART

The Gantt chart contains the actual process of this project providing in Appendix

B and C. First week, the supervisor gives briefing about this android project. The

supervisor gives software use for build an android which is called the SDK Android. So

for the second week, start to download the software at http://developer.android.com.

The SDK Android is the software to build application which very advance and it

is for the expert programmer. The planning is finish the exploration process within 2

week but it needs to be extending because founded a new platform to build an

application which is call the MIT AppInventor. So it will take some more time to

explore the other software which is must be working on online.

After that, start to come up the concept design after review other application that

be sold in the market and after make some tutorial provided by the MIT AppInventor.

From the concept design with the improvement of the design, come up with the one

design final design that be doing in 2 week. Then at week 6, are start to develop the

design using the software and it start 1 week earlier. This is because in the final design

process are already try to build the application the MIT AppInventor.

After that is the testing process which is the longer week in the Gantt chart. The

testing process is to run the application in the android. Besides that, after make a survey

which is involved 50 students and 20 lecturer and the doing the testing process back to

improve the application based on the complain on the survey. At week 13, start touch up

the application for the presentation in the week 14.

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1.7 SUMMARY

For this chapter contain the first step to conduct a project. The problem

statement show the identify problem encounter so when this project finish it will

solve it. And then, the scope of the project is the targeting customers or users and

in this project the other scope is the syllabus of the Bernoulli equation notes. The

project planning contains the flow chart and Gantt chart of the project. The flow

chart is the flow of the project within 14 week. The Gantt chart contains the

planning and the actual week of each process involve.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter will show review of diploma students usually use the Fluid

Mechanic text book by Yunus A.Cengel and John M.Cimbala as their reference. Besides

that, I also review on the android market which is called the Google Play Store at

https://play.google.com/store there are many applications that use as an education

device. For my project which is involved in fluid mechanics study which is contains the

Bernoulli equation there are a few of it. Usually all of these applications are very

advance and for the engineers.

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2.2 FLUID MECHANIC FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLICATIONS

BOOK REVIEW

FIGURE 2.21

This Fluid mechanic book show in FIGURE 2.11 is intended for use as a

textbook in the first fluid mechanics course for undergraduate engineering students in

their junior or senior years. Students are assumed to have an adequate background in

calculus, physics, engineering mechanics, and thermodynamics. The objective is:

To cover the basic principles and equations of fluid mechanics.

To present numerous and diverse real-world engineering

examples to give students a feel for how Fluid Mechanics is

applied in engineering practice.

To develop an intuitive understanding of fluid mechanics by

emphasizing the physics and by supplying attractive figures and

visual aids to reinforce the physic.

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2.3 REVIEWS AT THE GOOGLE PLAY STORE

For the android user they usually use the Google Play Store to download

applications. There a lot of application can be downloads. User can use it to browse and

download music, magazines, books, movies, television programs, and applications that

were published through Google. The Google Play Store is developed and maintained by

Google. The application available in the Google Play Store either free or cost and can be

directly downloads into computer using its website.

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2.3.1 REVIEW ON THE FLUID MECHANICS NOTES FOR ANDROID

APPLICATION

FIGURE 2.31

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FIGURE 2.31 shows the screen shot of the Fluid Mechanics Basic that being

published and be sold by the Google Play Store with price 2.01 dollar or RM6.20. This

application provides the notes about some of the fluid mechanics subtopics included the

Bernoulli equation. Besides that, this application contains a large selection of fluid

mechanics law, equation, tables and references material.

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2.3.2 REVIEW ON FLUID MECHANICS CALCULATOR ANDROID

APPLICATION

FIGURE 2.32