copyright © samriddhi, 2010-2018 S-JPSET : Vol. 10, Issue Supplementary, ISSN : 2229-7111 (Print) and ISSN : 2454-5767 (Online)373

Design and Analysis of Pedestrian Bridge for REVA UniversityShylaja N1, Mahesh2, Rakesh B Desai2, Sagar Neelshetty2

1Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, REVA University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Yalahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 2B.Tech Student, School of Civil Engineering, REVA University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Yalahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Publication InfoArticle history: Received : 13 September 2019 Accepted : 22 November 2019 DOI: 10.18090/samriddhi.v11iSUP-1.17131Keywords: Casualties, Conflicts, Pedestrian Bridge, Urbanization, Walkways*Corresponding author: Shylaja N e-mail: shylajan@reva.edu.in

1. INTRODUCTIONBridges are defined as structures, which provide a connection or passage over a gap without blocking the opening or passageway beneath. They can be over streams, canals and rivers; creeks and valleys or roads and railways passing beneath. Bridge building is not a new science. With the growth of civilizations, the need for travel has impelled mankind to find ways and means of bridging gaps over deep gorges and perennial streams, for walking across. A pedestrian bridge is a bridge designed for pedestrians. Pedestrian bridges can be used decoratively to visually link two distinct areas or to signal a transaction. Bridges providing for both pedestrians and cyclists are often referred to as green bridges and form an important part of sustainable transport movement towards more sustainability. A pedestrian bridge to eliminate conflicts between pedestrians and motor vehicles where traffic exceeds 2500 vehicles by staad pro. studied soil, hydrological parameters for RCC concrete I Girder Bridge, by manually and by using bridge software from foundation to super structure. the conceptual design of a cable stayed pedestrian cross over bridge. Detailed design and critical issues associated with bridge deck, cables and tower are briefly discussed. Both dead load and live load were balanced by tension cables which is anchored to the tower also additional columns are

provided at the end supports. Saving of money and resources by optimizing the design of foot over bridge by proper estimation and the structure is analyzed by STADD Pro software and compared with manual calculations. Analysis and design of cable stayed footbridge by programing done in excel sheet. Various components of bridge were designed by the programming. The study was carried out for cable stayed bridge, having single tower and double towers at single side and also at double side. The study reviewed that double side towers are economical.

2. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

2.1. Objective• To design economical, safe and simple to assemble

steel truss bridge for pedestrian crossing purpose.• Design locally available steel truss bridge.• To develop analysis and design procedure for steel

truss bridge.• Simulating steel truss bridge design using ETABS

and STADD PRO.• Model 3D of steel truss using software like REVIT

structure.• Drawing like plan, elevation, section using

AUTOCAD.

AbstractCivil engineering deals with the design, construction and maintenance of physical and naturally built environment, including works like bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings. Construction of bridge has always been one of the most fascinating challenges to civil engineers. Materials like timber, iron, steel and concrete has been used to construct the bridge. In India reinforced concrete bridges are existed. In India due to rapid urbanization and increased traffic on roads the pedestrian casualties have increased tremendously in last two decades which necessitate the provision of exclusive facilities for pedestrians such as Pedestrian bridge, footpaths and walkways. Pedestrian bridge plays an important role in improving pedestrian safety in busy and high traffic areas. A pedestrian bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles such as roads and railway tracks. This bridge will eliminate traffic congestion and delay at the highway as well as eliminate conflicts between pedestrians and motor vehicles. In this present project work, the analysis and design of Composite pedestrian bridge proposed at REVA University is done by using conventional method with standard design details as mentioned in Indian codes.

Design and Analysis of Pedestrian Bridge for REVA University

S-JPSET : Vol. 10, Issue Supplementary, ISSN : 2229-7111 (Print) and ISSN : 2454-5767 (Online) copyright © samriddhi, 2010-2019374

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1. Field survey• All the details of field are taken by surveying using

tape by simple surveying method.• Final location for pedestrian bridge is fixed.

3.2. Population surveyA detail on population of REVA University is collected.

3.3. Project DescriptionAnalysis using ETABS and STAAD PRO software Modeling

The centerline plan of the basic structure is drawn in AutoCAD and then the geometry is imported to ETABS having the units set appropriately. The file format for importing will be drawing exchange format (.dxf) and the file can be imported either as an architectural grid or a floor plan which can be further modified.

3.4. Material properties The material properties are defined under Define menu → material properties

3.5. Section properties • Frame sections:

• Shell sections:• Live load applied at different location of the structure:

4kN/m2, 0.75kN/m2

• Super dead load applied: 2.5kN/m2

• Wind load: As the project is located in Bengaluru which comes under topography category 1 the

Table 3: Material properties

Name TypeModulus of Elasticity (MPa)

Unit weight(kN/m3)

Design strength(MPa)

Fe250 Steel 2x105 80.5 165M60 Concrete 36.46x103 25 60

Table 2: Project descriptionLocation REVA UniversityName of structure Steel truss pedestrian bridgeFoundation Concrete PedestalHeight of bridge 12.5 mType of staircase used Dog leggedStaircase riser 150mmStaircase thread 250mmType of sheet used AluminiumType of truss used Howe truss

Table 1: Population of REVA UniversityTotal population of the REVA University 15537Students and staff using REVA transportation facility

1643

Students and faculties residing in hostels 3084Faculty members residing in faculty quarters 144

(approx.)

Figure 1: Plan of pedestrian bridge using ETA

Figure 2: 3D view of pedestrian bridge

Figure 3: Rendered view of pedestrian bridge

Shylaja N, Mahesh, Rakesh B Desai, Sagar Neelshetty

copyright © samriddhi, 2010-2018 S-JPSET : Vol. 10, Issue Supplementary, ISSN : 2229-7111 (Print) and ISSN : 2454-5767 (Online)375

structure is analyzed for wind load according to IS 875:2015 using ETABS.

3.6. Analysis Model is checked for point overlapping, line overlapping and area overlapping. Use Analyze →Check model.

Once the model is checked for errors, analysis is done for the model. The structural analysis is carried out by finite element method (FEM) using commercially available

software ETABS for the load combinations as per standards. Forces and moments from the 3D analysis output for worst combinations are used for the design of the structure.

3.7. 3-D Modelling by REVIT and LUMIONThe plans in auto-CAD are extracted from ETABS. 3-D modeling is done by using REVIT and rendering using LUMION software’s.

Table 6: Load Patterns and CombinationsName TypeDead load DeadLive load LiveSuper dead load(SDL) Floor finishWind load X WindWind load Y Wind

Table 5: Shell section propertiesName PropertiesPre-stressed concrete slab 100 mm thick

Table 4: Frame section propertiesName PropertiesColumn 355mm dia, 8mm thicknessSide bracing 2ISA 130X130X10Bottom bracing; 2ISA 100X100X12Top bracing 2ISA 130X130X10Side bracing 2ISA 130X130X10Bottom main beam ISWB500 @ 158kg/m with

400X10 mm thick plate on either side of flange

Bottom secondary beam ISLB225 @ 23.5 kg/mTop main beam ISMB400 @ 99.3 kg/m with

200X10 mm thick plate on either side of flange

Top secondary beam ISJB150@7.1kg/mRoof TrussTop chord members 2ISA 100X100X12Bottom chord members 2ISA 100X100X12Struts 2ISA 130X130X10Tie ISA 130X130x10

Figure 4: Load Patterns and Combinations in ETABS

Figure 5: Wind load patterns in ETABS

Figure 6: Checking model and warnings

Figure 7: Deflected shape of the structure

Design and Analysis of Pedestrian Bridge for REVA University

S-JPSET : Vol. 10, Issue Supplementary, ISSN : 2229-7111 (Print) and ISSN : 2454-5767 (Online) copyright © samriddhi, 2010-2019376

Table 7: Result (Sectional properties with load acting)Name Properties ForceColumn 355mm dia, 8mm thickness 110kNSide bracing 2ISA 130X130X10 16.804kNBottom bracing; 2ISA 100X100X12 70.894kNTop bracing 2ISA 130X130X10 70.535kNSide bracing 2ISA 130X130X10 16.804kNBottom main beam ISWB500 @ 158kg/m with 400X10 mm thick plate on either side of flange 32kNmBottom secondary beam ISLB225 @ 23.5 kg/m 12.89kNmTop main beam ISMB400 @ 99.3 kg/m with 200X10 mm thick plate on either side of flange 352kNmTop secondary beam ISJB150@7.1kg/m 1.835kNmRoof TrussTop chord members 2ISA 100X100X12 118.843kNBottom chord members 2ISA 100X100X12 110.32kNStruts 2ISA 130X130X10 39.283kNTie ISA 130X130x10 29.43kN

Figure 8: REVIT model Figure 9: Rendered LUMION model

Auto-CAD drawings are enclosed and 3-D images are as follows

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe member forces, section properties according to ETABS and manual calculation are determined are as follows:

5. CONCLUSIONSThe following conclusions can be drawn from the investigation.• The member forces are calculated using STAAD Pro

and designed according to the IS specifications. And the member strength are determined and hence all the members are safe.

• The manual calculated sections are assigned in ETABS model and verified for the sections and all section were passing the design criteria.

• Modeling of the bridge is done using REVIT and LUMION.

6. REFERENCES[1] Mohammed.Yakub Ali, Gugulothu.Swarna, (2016), “Design

And Analysis Of Pedestrian Bridge”, Vol.4, Issue No 10, P.20-30.

[2] S.V.V. Prasad, (2015 ) “Design And Estimati Concrete Girder Bridge On Road Curve”,

[3] T.Nelson, Ponnudurai, Dr.P.Asha And R.Vinoth Kumar, ( 2015), “Design Of Cable Stayed Pedestrian Bridge”,

[4] T. Prashanth, (2018), ”Design And Analysis of Foot Over Bridge Using Staad Pro”, International Journal of Civil Engineering And Technology, Vol. 9, No. 1, P. 13,

[5] Dr. S.V.Itti, Ravishankar M. Madagouda, ( 2018), “A Study on Cable Stayed Footbridge”.