desaster -nature and extent of disaster

7/27/2019 Desaster -Nature and Extent of Disaster

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DESASTER -NATURE AND EXTENT

OF DISASTERBy

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What is a disaster?

A disaster is an unexpected accidentresulting from natural or man-made

factors (or a combination of both) that

has a negative impact on the dailylives and living conditions of humans

and flora/fauna.


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What is a disaster?

There are different types of disasters thathave a high impact.

Natural disasters includefloods, droughts, earthquakes, cyclones,

hurricanes, tornadoes, typhoons,landslides, volcanic eruptions etc.

Man-made disasters can include chemical accidents, oil spills,

radiological accidents, conflicts/wars,mass population displacement orrefugee emigration, forest fires etc.


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Disaster Continuum


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Extent of disaster

1. Hazard

2. Vulnerability

3. Risk

4. Capacity

Physical Capacity

Socio-economic Capacity


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Hazard

Hazard may be defined as

a dangerous condition or event, that

threat or have the potential for causing

injury to life or damage to property orthe environment.

Hazards can be grouped into two

broad categories namely natural andmanmade.


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Hazard

Natural hazards are hazards whichare caused because of natural

phenomena (hazards with

meteorological, geological or evenbiological origin).


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Hazard

Examples of natural hazards arecyclones, tsunamis, earthquake and

volcanic eruptions which are exclusively

of natural origin. Landslides, floods, drought, fires are

socio-natural hazards since their causes

are both natural and man made. For

example flooding may be caused

because of heavy rains, landslide or

blocking of drains with human waste.


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Hazard

Manmade hazards are hazards whichare due to human negligence.

Manmade hazards are associated with

industries or energy generationfacilities and include explosions,

leakage of toxic waste, pollution, dam

failure, wars or civil strife, etc.


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Vulnerability

Vulnerability may be defined as

The extent to which a community,

structure, services or geographic area

is likely to be damaged or disrupted bythe impact of particular hazard, on

account of their nature, construction

and proximity to hazardous terrains ora disaster prone area.


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Vulnerability

Vulnerabilities can be categorized into PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY AND

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY.

Physical Vulnerability: It includes notions of

whom and what may be damaged or destroyedby natural

hazard such as earthquakes or floods. It is basedon the physical condition of people and elementsat risk, such as buildings, infrastructure etc; and

their proximity, location and nature of the hazard. It also relates to the technical capability of

building and structures to resist the forces actingupon them during a hazard event.


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Socio-economic Vulnerability

The degree to which a population is affectedby a hazard will not merely lie in the physicalcomponents of vulnerability but also on thesocioeconomic conditions.

The socioeconomic conditions of the peoplealso determine the intensity of the impact.

For example, people who are poor and livingin the sea coast dont have the money toconstruct strong concrete houses.

They are generally at risk and loose theirshelters when ever there is strong wind orcyclone. Because of their poverty they tooare not able to rebuild their houses.


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Risk

Risk is a measure of the expectedlosses due to a hazard event

occurring in a given area over a

specific time period. Risk is a function of the probability of

particular hazardous event and the

losses it would cause.


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Risk

The level of risk depends upon:

Nature of the hazard;

Vulnerability of the elements which are

affected;

Economic value of those elements.


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Risk

A community/locality is said to be at riskwhen it is exposed to hazards and islikely to be adversely affected by itsimpact.

Whenever we discuss disastermanagement it is basically disasterriskmanagement.

Disaster risk management includes all

measures which reduce disaster relatedlosses of life, property or assets by eitherreducing the hazard or vulnerability ofthe elements at risk.


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Capacity

Capacity can be defined as resources, means and strengths which

exist in households and communitiesand which enable them to cope with,withstand, prepare for, prevent, mitigateor quickly recover from a disaster.

Peoples capacity can also be taken into

account. Capacities could be classifiedinto physical and socio-economiccapacities.


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Physical Capacity:

People whose houses have beendestroyed by the cyclone or crops

have been destroyed by the flood can

salvage things from their homes andfrom their farms.

Some family members have skills,

which enable them to find employmentif they migrate, either temporarily or

permanently.


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Socio-economic Capacity:

In most of the disasters, people suffertheir greatest losses in the physical andmaterial realm.

Rich people have the capacity to recover

soon because of their wealth. In fact, they are seldom hit by disasters

because they live in safe areas and theirhouses are built with stronger materials.

However, even when everything isdestroyed they have the capacity to copeup with it.

desaster -nature and extent of disaster

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