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Deriving pressure-response relationships of SPONGES to dredge pressures
-a LABORATORY approach-DREDGING SCIENCE NODE
THEME 6.4 –MARI-CARMEN PINEDA, AIMS
Dredging Science Node
Introduction: Laboratory approach
Field
GOAL: To identify Cause: Effect pathways…
Lab
X + ComplexityX + Remote +Dangerous &+ $$
√ + Control (1 factor at a time)√ + Reliability (good replication)
Better understanding of PRESSURE:
RESPONSE relationships
To improve PREDICTION and MANAGEMENT
Dredging Science Node
Introduction: The National Sea Simulator (SeaSim)
Dredging Science Node
Introduction: Sponges
What do we know?
• Smothered by sediments• Clogging of aquiferous system• Reduced pumping activity• Decreased growth• Decreased recruitment
What do we want to know?
• Which is the main stressor? Suspended Sediments /Sedimentation /Light reduction
• Which morphologies would be more affected?• Importance of light for sponges containing
photosymbionts? • Sub-lethal thresholds?
Dredging Science Node
What are we doing?
Sponge species
Stylissaflabelliformis
Ianthellabasta
Carteriospongiafoliascens
Cymbastelacoralliophila
Clionaorientalis
Coscinodermamatthewsi
Phototrophic HeterotrophicLaboratory Experiments
Experiment 1. Sedimentation-Morphologies
November 2013
Experiment 2. Light attenuationApril-May 2014
Experiment 3. Suspended Sediments
Dec.2014-Jan.2015
Experiment 4. Smothering
May-June 2015
Experiment 5. FINAL-Long Term
February-April 2016
Treatments
250 100 25 0 NL
µg
To
tal
Ch
l/ g
0
50
100
150
200
250
Day 0 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Day 28 Rec 7 Rec 14
Eff
ec
tive
Qu
an
tum
Yie
ld
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
250
100
25
0
NL
Dredging Science Node
Results: Light attenuation
0 25
100 250
7 days later
4 w
eeks later
Results: Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Week 1Week 2
Week 3Week 4
Recovery 1
Recovery 2
Mo
rtality
(%
)
0
20
40
60
80
1000 mg/L
3 mg/L
10 mg/L
30 mg/L
100 mg/L
Dredging Science Node
%G
row
th
(th
ick
ne
ss
)
-20
0
20
40
% G
row
th
(Su
rfa
ce
Are
a)
-20
-10
0
10
20
% N
ec
ros
ed
or
Ble
ac
he
d T
iss
ue
0 3 10 30 100
0
20
40
60
80
100
Dredging Science Node
What’s next?
Preliminary Conclusions: • Sponges seem largely tolerant of short dredging-related pressures• Light and TSS on their own do not cause severe stress (on most species)• Overall, CUP morphologies and PHOTOTROPHIC species seem more sensitive
What’s Next??• What are the effects of long-term smothering?• How do periodic dredging events affect sponge fitness?
Exp4. Smothering
Exp5. FINAL-Long Term
More questions…• Effects of dredging on sponge larvae and recruits?• Effects of dredging-related pressures in combination with other stressors (e.g.
pollutants, high temperature)• Effects of dredging on other important filter-feeders (e.g. ascidians, gorgonians)
AcknowledgmentsWoodside, Chevron and BHP and WAMSI partners for funding this research.
WAMSI DSN leaders R. Jones, R. Masini and K. Crane.
And special thanks to:
Mari-Carmen Pineda1,2, Brian Strehlow3, Alan Duckworth1,2, Nicole Webster1,2
1 Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville2 Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth3 University of Western Australia, Perth
Dredging Science Node
SeaSim TeamEduardo Arias