Dept.ofAnaesthesiology. K.G.M.C.H.

Emergency First Aid Emergency First Aid and CPRand CPR

First and immediate help given to anyone affected by accident, injury, disease before getting medical help.Help to -save life -prevent complications Don’t -get tensed

-aggravate the condition

DEFINITION

EMERGENCY FIRST AIDIf you are the first on the scene of

accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care.

Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling EMS.

Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery.

BLEEDINGARTERIAL-

spurts/bright red.

VENOUS - steadyflow/

blood is dark.

CAPILLARY – slow &

oozing

BLEEDING – How to control.Direct Pressure

(bandage may be used)Elevate (above the

heart)Pressure Point

Radial artery -wrist. Brachial artery –upper arm Femoral artery – groin.

Pressure Bandage

FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINSI-C-E

I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin.

C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight.

E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding.

CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES

Control bleeding, if present.Care for shock, See “Care for

Shock” slide. Splint affected area to prevent

further movement. Cold packs, to reduce pain&swelling Activate Emergency Medical Services

(EMS),

# spine If suspicion (complaints of severe pain in his neck or

back, numbness or paralysis of limbs)– Don’t move the person and keep him still.

Place heavy towels on both sides of the neck to prevent movement.

Provide CPR if neccesory. Arrange ambulance.

SHOCK Shock is failure of CVS to supply

blood to vital organs. (heart,lungs & brain)

If shock is not treated, it can cause death. (any type of injury can cause shock).

Signs and symptoms of shock.

-confused -fast or slow pulserate -fast or slow breathing -cool and moist skin -pale or bluish skin,lips,& fingernails.

CARE FOR SHOCK Keep the victim laying down

(if possible). Elevate legs 10-12 inches…

unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones.

Cover the victim to maintain body temperature.

Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air.

If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side.

Call EMS.

Burns - TYPES

1.Dry burn - flames, hot objects.2.Scalds - steams, hot liquids.3.Electrical burn -Low& high voltage

currents, lightening.

4.Cold injury -frostbite.5.Chemical burn -Industrial & domestic

chemicals 6.Radiation burn -sun burn &

radioactive

Burns - First Aid

Burns 1st Degree - redness with swelling and pain,

flush with cool water

2nd Degree - blisters, redness with severe pain place damp bandage, use no ointments

3rd Degree - white or charred and painless, use dry bandage

2nd or 3rd - get medical attention

For Major Burns

Don’t remove burnt clothing

Don’t immerse severe large burns in coldwater cause shock

Check for signs of circulation (breathing,coughing or movement) start CPR.

Cover the area of burn Use a cool,moist, sterile

bandage.

Cold - Stress

Dress in layersLimit exposed skin

Frostbite - localized frozen tissue Do not rub area, limit motion, immerse in warm water

Hypothermia - lowered body temperature Remove wet clothing, use dry blankets, hot drinks

Seek medical attention

Temperature Stress - Heat

Sunburn - keep skin coveredHeat Cramps - drink dilute “Gatorade”Heat Exhaustion -heavy sweating, cool

skin-Cool victim, seek medical attention if vomiting

Heat Stroke - medical emergency-Hot, dry skin, rapid then weakening pulse-Cool victim immediately. Call EMS.

ELECTRIC SHOCK

Can causeCan causeCardiac arrestCardiac arrestHeart rhythm problemsHeart rhythm problemsRespiratory failureRespiratory failureSeizuresSeizuresUnconsciousnessUnconsciousnessNumbness and tinglingNumbness and tingling

ELECTRIC SHOCK- FIRST AID

Look first. Don’t touch the person.Look first. Don’t touch the person. Turn off the source of electricityTurn off the source of electricityCheck for signs ofCheck for signs of circulation circulation

(breathing, coughing or (breathing, coughing or movement)movement)Lay the person down to Lay the person down to prevent shockprevent shock

Drowning Use rope, stick to help them out Prone position Remove foreign body in nose

and throat Compress abdomen Mouth to mouth respiration

Snake bite+ Remain calm.+ Don’t move the bitten limbs. + Apply a loose splint to reduce movement.+ Don’t use a tourniquet.+ Don’t cut the wound to remove the venom.+ Identify the snake if possible. + Seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Chest pain- First aidSigns and symptoms

Fullness or squeezing pain in the center of the chest.

Pain spreading to the shoulders, neck or arms.

Sweating and shortness of breath.

Chest pain- First aid

Call EMS immediately.

Take nitroglycerine, if already prescribed.

Have someone drive you to nearest hospital.

If unconscious – assess and start CPR.

POISONING FIRST AID

signs and symptoms of poisoning.

When to call for help.

What to do while waiting for help.

What NOT to do.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF POISONING

Burns or redness around mouth and lips.

Breath smells like chemicals. Burns, stains and odors on

the person. Empty medication bottles or

scattered pills. Vomiting, difficult breathing,

sleepiness, confusion. Call EMS.

WHAT TO DO WHILE WAITING

Get in to fresh air immediately.

If the poison spilled on the person, remove the clothing, flush the skin or eyes with cool or lukewarm water.

Take the poison container with you to the hospital.

WHAT NOT TO DO

Don’t administer anything to induce vomiting in semi-conscious patient.

REMEMBER!!!UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS:

The routine use of The routine use of appropriate appropriate barrier precautionsbarrier precautions to prevent skin to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure and mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other when contact with blood or other body fluids of any individual may body fluids of any individual may occur or is anticipated.occur or is anticipated.

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions apply to apply to blood and to all other body fluids blood and to all other body fluids with potential for spreading any with potential for spreading any infections.infections.

First Aid and CPR

Know how to get helpLet us help you

THE END

Department of Anaesthesiology KGMCH Asaripallam.