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Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov

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Department of Energy Priorities and Goals

Science & Discovery• Connecting basic and applied

bioscience

• Conducting breakthrough R&D:− Advances in enzymes and

catalysts fermentation− Engineering of new

microorganisms

Clean, Secure Energy• Developing & demonstrating

cellulosic and advanced biofuels, biorefineries and systems to support the Renewable Fuels Standard

"Developing the next generation of biofuels is key to our effort

to end our dependence on foreign oil and address the climate

crisis -- while creating millions of new jobs that can't be

outsourced. With American investment and ingenuity -- and

resources grown right here at home -- we can lead the way

toward a new green energy economy."

Secretary of Energy Steven ChuAdvancing Presidential Objectives

Economic Prosperity• Creating 50 to 75 jobs per new biorefinery

(based on commercial-scale facilities)

• Reinvigorating rural economies

• Supporting the emerging U.S. bioenergyindustry and market

Climate Change• Reducing GHG emissions by 60% for

cellulosic biofuels and 50% with advanced biofuels (relative to gasoline)

• Validating and demonstrating low-carbon power generation technologies

• Influencing development of criteria and indicators for sustainable biofuel production


2Source: Energy Information Administration, “Petroleum Explained” and AEO2009, Updated (post-ARRA), Reference Case.

• Advanced biofuels and products are needed to displace the entire barrel

• Heavy duty/diesel and jet fuel substitutes are needed to displace other components of the barrel

• Cellulosic ethanol displaces light duty gasoline fraction only

Displacing a Barrel of Crude


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• Expanding and diversifying the portfolio to include feedstocks and technologies for renewable hydrocarbon fuels (diesel/gasoline/jet fuel) as well as cellulosic ethanol

• Leveraging biochemical and thermochemical conversion technology developments from cellulosic ethanol to other advanced biofuels as well as products and power

• Deploying first-of-a-kind facilities and encouraging strong industry partnerships

Strategic Focus: Biofuels and Biopower

FeedstockSupply

BiofuelsProduction

BiofuelsDistribution

BiofuelsEnd Use


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Develop and transform our renewable and abundant biomass resources into cost competitive, high performance biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower.

Biomass Program Mission, Objectives, Goals

BIOFUELS TARGETS

• At a modeled cost for mature technology:• $1.76/gallon cellulosic ethanol by 2012• $2.85/gallon renewable gasoline by 2017 • $2.84/gallon renewable diesel by 2017• $2.76/gallon renewable jet by 2017

• Support the Renewable Fuels Standard volumetric req uirements

IntegratedBiorefineries

Infrastructure

Research, Development, and Demonstration

Biochemical and Thermochemical

ConversionFeedstocks

BiopowerBiofuels

Bioproducts

Crosscutting ActivitiesAnalysis, Sustainability, Strategic Partnerships, S takeholder Communications and Outreach


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Biomass Program BudgetM

illio

ns


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Recovery Act Funding and Initiatives$800 Million in Funding to Biomass Program

$509M Pilot and Demonstration-Scale BiorefineriesValidate technologies for integrated production of advanced biofuels, products, and power to enable financing and replication. In 2009, DOE selected

- 12 pilot-scale projects for up to $25M each

- 4 demonstration-scale projects for up to $50M

- 2 research and development projects for $2.5M each

$82M Commercial-Scale BiorefineriesIncrease in funding for one previously awarded project to expedite construction and accelerate commissioning and start-up

$107M Fundamental Research$18M: Integrated Process Development Unit

$5M: Sustainability research with Office of Science, NationalLaboratory, university, and USDA partners$35M: National Advanced Biofuels Consortium to accelerate demonstration

$49M: National Alliance for Advanced (Algal) Biofuels and Biofuels

Products Consortium to accelerate demonstration

$20M Ethanol Infrastructure ResearchOptimize flex-fuel vehicles operating on E85Evaluate impacts of intermediate blends on conventional vehiclesUpgrade existing infrastructure for compatibility with E85

$14M NREL Integrated Biorefinery Research Facility: expand the pretreatment capacity

$68M SBIR and Program Direction


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Biomass-to-Bioenergy Supply Chain

Cross-cutting Life cycle analysis of water consumption and greenhouse gas e missions; land use change modeling; water quality analysis of biofuels

EnvironmentalSustainability

EconomicSustainability

SocialSustainability

FeedstockSupply

Conversion Distribution End Use

Field-based research to

evaluate nutrient and carbon

cycling

Collecting biomass physical

and chemical properties

impacting land use sustainability

Monitoring and improving the

carbon footprint of new

facilities; promoting co-

product utilization and fully integrated

systems

Ensuring minimal

greenhouse gas emissions and avoidance

of negative impacts on

human health

Minimizing water consumption and

air pollution, maximizing efficiency

Our Commitment to Sustainability

Develop and invest in the resources, technologies, and systems needed for biofuels to grow in a way that enhances the health of our environmen t and protects our planet.


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Feedstock Supply R&DRegional Feedstock Bioenergy Crop Trials

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/field_trials_map2v2.pdf


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Feedstock Logistics

• Deployable Process Demonstration Unit (PDU) to bridge gap between producers and refineries – The PDU will allow biorefinery partners to test

supply system concepts and reduce feedstock supply risks and allow equipment partners to test new designs and deploy new technologies in the context of an integrated supply system.

– Will produce engineered feedstocks that meets commodity-scale performance metrics and advanced conversion characteristics.

• Ongoing feedstock logistics projects are developing systems to better handle and deliver high tonnage biomass feedstocks (August 2009 awards)– Agco Corporation of Duluth, GA (up to $5 million) for agricultural residues– Auburn University of Auburn, Alabama (up to $4.9 million) for woody biomass– FDC Enterprises Inc. of Columbus, Ohio (up to $4.9 million) for energy crops

– Genera Energy, LLC of Knoxville, Tennessee (up to $4.9 million) for energy crops– The SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry of Syracuse, New York (up to

$1.3 million) for woody biomass


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R E

F I

N I

N G

Exploring Routes to Convert Biomass

Integrated Biorefineries

Research on multiple conversion pathways aims to im prove the efficiency and economics of bioenergy production.

FeedstockProduction& Logistics

• Energy crops

• Forest Residue

• Agricultural wastes

• Algae

Ethanol

Butanol

Olefins

Gasoline

Diesel

Others

DDGS

Lignin(for power)

Thermochemical Conversion

FastPyrolysis

Gasification Syngas Fischer TropschAlcohol Synthesis

LiquidBio-oil

Zeolite CrackingHydrogenolysis

Upgrading

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Pretreatment & Conditioning

Enzyme Production

Sugars Fermentation

Distillation

Biochemical Conversion

By-ProductsWastes/Residue

Lipid (Oil) Extraction

Algal Oil

TransesterificationFractionation


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NABC Research Strategies

Consortium Leads: NREL, PNNL

Consortium Partners: Albemarle, Amyris, ANL, BP Products, Catchlight, Colorado School of Mines, Iowa State Univ., LANL, Pall, RTI, Tesoro, UC Davis, UOP, Virent, Washington State Univ.

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NABC matrix of technology and strategy teams will ensure development of complete integrated processes.

Project Objective: Develop cost-effective technologies that supplement petroleum-derived fuels with advanced “drop-in” biofuels that are compatible with today’s transportation infrastructure and are produced in a sustainable manner.

ARRA Funded : DOE Funding $33.8M/Cost Share $12.5M over 3 years


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Algal Biofuels: Range of Feedstocks, Systems, Processes, and Products


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Biofuels Consortia: Algal Biofuels R&D

� National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts

� Sustainable Algal Biofuels Consortium

� Consortium for Algal Biofuels Commercialization

� Cellana, LLC Consortium

Breaking down critical barriers to the commercializ ation of algae based biofuels such as green aviation fuels, diesel, and gasoline that can be transported and

sold using today’s existing fueling infrastructure.


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Conversion and End-use

• Process optimization• Thermochemical• Biochemical

• Fuels characteristics• Co-Products

• Energy efficient harvesting and dewatering systems

• Biomass extraction and fractionation

• Product purification

• Cultivation system design• Temperature Control• Invasion and fouling

• Cultures• Growth, stability, and resilience

• Input requirements• CO2, H2O sources, energy• Nitrogen and phosphorous

• Siting and resources

Algal Biofuel Systems: Technical Challenges

Biology and Cultivation

Biomass Harvesting and

Recovery

A nano-membrane filter being developed by a NAABB partner.

A gasifier being used by a NAABB

partner to convert algal biomass to fuels


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Integrated Biorefinery (IBR) Description

IBR Scale Description Feedstocks Fuel/Product

R&D2 projects

Includes R&D and a preliminary engineering

design

Poultry Fat, Woody Biomass, Ag Residue,

Algal Oil

Renewable Fuels, Renewable Gasoline,

Renewable Diesel

Pilot Scale12 projects

Processes a minimum of 1 dry tonne per day biomass and verifies the integrated performance of the given suite of technologies from both a technical and an

economic perspective for the first time

Algae, CO2, Woody Biomass, Sweet

Sorghum, Corn Stover, Switchgrass, Energy

Sorghum, Ag and Forestry Residue,

Hybrid Poplar

Ethanol, Cellulosic Ethanol, Renewable

Diesel, Jet Fuel, Renewable Diesel

Demonstration Scale

9 projects

Working with projects to verify technologies from a

technical and an economic perspective

at a scale sufficient for a commercial facility

Wheat Straw, Corn Stover, Poplar

Residues, Woody Biomass, Algae, Mill Residues, MSW, Ag

and Forestry Residue

Cellulosic Ethanol, Renewable Sulfur-Free Diesel Fuel, Renewable

Hydrocarbon Based Fuel, Renewable

Gasoline, Renewable Diesel, Jet Fuel,

Succinic Acid

Commercial Scale

6 projects

Processes a minimum of 700 dry tonnes per day biomass and refers to a first-of-a-kind or “beta”

commercial facility

LignocellulosicBiomass, Corn Cobs, Woody Biomass, Mill Waste, Sorted MSW

Cellulosic Ethanol, Ethanol, Methanol


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Integrated Biorefinery Projects

For more information visit: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/integrated_bior efineries.html


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Feedstock Conversion Intermediate C onversion Product Performer

Agricultural ResiduesAgricultural Residues

biochemicalbiochemical

gasificationgasification

pyrolysispyrolysis oiloil

syngassyngas

sugarsugar

catalysiscatalysis

fermentationfermentation ethanolethanol

dieseldiesel

Abengoa, Poet,Verenium, ADMAbengoa, Poet,Verenium, ADM

IneosIneos

REIIREII

Forest ResourcesForest Resources


gasificationgasification

pyrolysispyrolysis oiloil

syngassyngas

sugarsugar

catalysiscatalysis

fermentationfermentation

ethanolethanol

gasolinedieseljet fuel

gasolinedieseljet fuel

Lignol, Mascoma, Pacific EthanolRSA, API, Zeachem,Blue Fire

Lignol, Mascoma, Pacific EthanolRSA, API, Zeachem,Blue Fire

Range FuelsRange Fuels

Haldor TopsoeClear Fuels New Page, Flambeau

Haldor TopsoeClear Fuels New Page, Flambeau

Energy Crops / Grasses/


SugarSugar fermentationfermentation

ethanolethanol

dieseldiesel

ICM, LogosICM, Logos

AmyrisAmyris

GTI, UOPGTI, UOP

succinic acidsuccinic acid MyriantMyriant



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Feedstock Conversion Intermediate Conv ersion Product Performer

AlgaeAlgae

open pondopen pond

Closed bioreactorClosed bioreactor

oiloil

ethanolethanol

dieseljet fueldieseljet fuel

SapphireSapphire

SolazymesSolazymes

AlgenolAlgenol

catalysiscatalysis dieseljet fueldieseljet fuel

catalysiscatalysis

oiloil transesterificationtransesterification biodieselbiodiesel

metathesismetathesis dieseljet fueldieseljet fuel

ElevanceElevance

MSWMSW gasificationgasification syngassyngas catalysiscatalysis ethanolethanol EnerkemEnerkem



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Biopower

Launch a new DOE initiative to accelerate, develop and deploy advanced biopower technologies over the next six years. Initiative will establish partnerships with industry and support efforts to:

• Conduct R&D on advanced pretreatment and conversion technologies by 2013

• increase overall efficiency• improve environmental performance• decrease cost of biopower electricity

• Support pilot scale projects up to 30 MW

• Demonstrate utility scale, biomass repowering and high percentage co-firing (up to 25% biomass) with coal by 2016


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Infrastructure

*Task Force on Biofuels Infrastructure, National Commission on Energy Policy, April 14, 2009.

Distribution Patterns – Gasoline and Ethanol*Working with DOE Vehicle Technologies, and various offices at DOT, Infrastructure activities include:

• Research on the effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends (E15 and E20)

• Deploying E85/Blender Pumps at retail stations nationwide

• Testing pipeline compatibility issues and analyzing the feasibility of a new dedicated pipeline

• Research on the testing, certification, and approval forcommercial use of new biofuels and biofuels blends

Whereas petroleum infrastructure is designed largely to transport gasoline from the Gulf Coast toward the interior of the country, ethanol must be transported from the Midwest to major product demand centers along East and West Coast of the United States.


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Key Stakeholder RelationshipsDOE Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs)

Targeting breakthroughs in biofuel technology to make abundant, affordable, low-carbon biofuels a reality by:

− Developing novel enzymes for switchgrass degradation at the Joint BioEnergy Institute (LBNL)

− Reducing the cost of pretreatment requirements through the use of thermophilic microbes and/or enzymes for the conversion of biomass at the Bioenergy Science Center (ORNL)

− Understanding soil microbial community structure for biomass crop growth on marginal lands at the Great Lakes BioEnergyResearch Center (Univ. of WI)


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Biomass Research and Development Board

• Created by Congress in 2000 to coordinate and maximize benefits of federal R&D programs that promote biofuels and bioproducts

• Has issued several reports and plans, including National Biofuels Action Plan, as a result of interagency collaborations to identify RD&D challenges, and make recommendations to mitigate them

• Has identified several new areas for further collaboration, including genetic modification of feedstocks, logistics, anthropogenic carbon cycle, and conversion technologies

Members• Department of Agriculture (co-chair)• Department of Energy (co-chair)• National Science Foundation • Environmental Protection Agency • Department of the Interior • Office of Science and Technology Policy • Department of Transportation• Department of Defense

Draft and Issued Reports

National Biofuels Action Plan

Occasional Paper No. 1 - Economics of Biomass Feedstoc ks in the US: Review of the Literature

Increasing Feedstock Production for Biofuels: Economic Drivers, Environmental Implications,

and the Role of Research

Sustainable and Adequate Biofuel Feedstock Production : Recommendations for Federal Research and Developmen t

Feedstock Logistics: Recommendations for Research and Commercialization

Conversion: Challenges for Federal Research and Com mercialization

Pipeline Feasibility Analysis

• Synopsis on GIS Inventory• Synopsis on Multi-Modal Analysis


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Biofuels Interagency Working Group

• President Obama established the Working Group in 2009

• Coordinate existing policies, and identify new policies, to support the development of sustainable next-generation biofuels production

• Developed Growing America’s Fuelstrategy, issued February 2010

• In the process of further developing key objectives and beginning to conduct interagency assessment of existing biofuels and transportation policy framework to make recommendations for future action

• Co-chaired by DOE, EPA, USDA


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Funding Opportunities

Upgrading of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil (Bio-oil)Funding : Up to $11,000,000 total Close Date : 07/09/2010, Applications under review

This funding is to develop integrated upgrading processes of bio-oil.

Biomass Research and Development InitiativeFunding : up to $33 million Close Date: 07/13/2010, Applications under review

This is a joint effort between the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Energy to support funding for research and development of technologies and processes to produce biofuels, bioenergy and high-value biobased products

Development of Methodologies for Determining Preferr ed Landscape Designs for Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstock Production Systems at a Watershed Scale

Funding: Approximately $5,000,000 Close Date: 07/16/2010, Applications under reviewThis funding is for research focused on sustainable production of large quantities of non-food biomass for bioenergy

Upcoming announcements are expected on biopower and additional broad bioenergy areas of focus in 2011

For More Information visit: www.fedconnect.net/FedConnect or www.grants.gov


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Sustainable Biofuels for a Cleaner Future

How Are We Getting There?

Biopower that…

• Provides a clean, domestic, dispatchable renewable source of power for the nation (life-cycle basis)

• Promotes healthy forests and use of residue, with little competition foragricultural land

Advanced biofuels that…

• Go beyond cellulosic ethanol to the development of hydrocarbon fuels

• Focus on the commercialization of algal biofuels

Infrastructure that…

• Evaluate vehicle emissions and performance

Biorefineries that…

• Systematically validate and deploy technology

• Expand portfolio of feedstocks, biofuels, biopower, and bioproducts

Conversion technologies that…

• Maximize efficiency

• Improve productivity of conversion mechanisms (i.e. catalysts, enzymes, and fermentation organisms)

Feedstocks that…

• Improve supply and yields

• Identify best biomass resources by region


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