department of electronics & communication engineering...

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Scheme of Instruction And

Syllabi of

M.E. (ECE)

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (With effect from 2011-2012)

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous)

OSMANIA UNIVERSITY Hyderabad-500 007

Andhra Pradesh


SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION & EXAMINATION

ME (ECE) COURSE - 4 Semester (Regular) with Specialization in

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

SEMESTER I S. No

Subject Scheme of Instruction

Scheme of Examination

Periods per Week

Duration in Hours

Univ. Exams

Sessionals

THEORY L/T D/P 1. Core 3 - 3 80 20 2. Core 3 - 3 80 20 3. Core 3 - 3 80 20 4. Core / Elective 3 - 3 80 20 5. Core / Elective 3 - 3 80 20 6. Core / Elective 3 - 3 80 20 PRACTICAL 1. Lab I - 3 - - 50 2. Seminar – I - 3 - - 50 Total 18 6 - 480 220

SEMESTER II THEORY L/T D/P 1. Core 3 - 3 80 20 2. Core 3 - 3 80 20 3. Core 3 - 3 80 20 4. Core / Elective 3 - 3 80 20 5. Core / Elective 3 - 3 80 20 6. Core / Elective 3 - 3 80 20 PRACTICALS 1. Lab II - 3 - - 50 2. Seminar – II - 3 - - 50 Total 18 6 - 480 220

SEMESTER III PRACTICALS

1. Dissertation + Project Seminar*

- 6 - - 100**

SEMESTER IV 1. Dissertation - - Viva Voce Grade**

* -

Note: Six core subjects and sic elective subjects should be completed by the end of Semester – II. * One project seminar presentation. ** 50 marks to be awarded by guide and 50 marks to be awarded by Viva Committee with guide and two internal faculty members. *** Excellent/Very Good/Good/Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory


List of subjects for M.E. (ECE) course (Regular) with specialization in

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

S.No. Syllabus

Ref. No. Subject Periods

per week

Core Subjects

1. EC 661 Signal Compression Theory and Methods 3 2. EC 662 Multirate Processing 3 3. EC 663 Video and Speech Processing 3 4. EC 664 Digital Modulation Techniques 3 5. EC 665 Wireless Communications and Networking 3 6. EC 666 Principles of Communication Systems

Simulation with Wireless Applications 3

7. EC 667-1 Advanced Signal Processing Lab 3 8. EC 667-2 Communication Systems Simulation Lab 3 9. EC 668-1 Seminar – I 3 10. EC 668-2 Seminar – II 3 11. EC 668-3 Project Seminar 3 12. EC 669 Dissertation 9

Elective subjects 13. EC 670 Array Signal Processing 3 14. EC 671 Spread Spectrum and CDMA Systems 3 15. EC 672 Wireless Channel Coding 3 16. EC 673 Advanced Optical Communication 3 17. EC 674 MIMO Communication Systems 3 18. EC 675 Active R.F Devices and Circuits 3 19. EC 504 Data and Computer Communication Networks 3 20. EC 513 Multimedia Information Systems 3 21. EC 535 Global Navigational Satellite Systems 3 22. EC 545 Radar Signal Processing 3 23. EC 562 Adaptive Signal Processing 3 24. EC 572 Optimization Techniques 3 25. EC 577 Image and Video Processing 3 26. EC 578 Neural Networks & Fuzzy Logic 3 27. EC 580 Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 28. EC 591 Modern Digital Communication Systems 3 29. EC 592 Wireless Mobile Communication Systems 3 30. EC 593 Probability and Random Processes 3 31. EC 594 Coding Theory and Techniques 3 32. EC 600 Satellite and Microwave Communication 3 33. EC 603 Smart Antennas for Mobile Communications 3 34. EC 605 Detection and Estimation Theory 3 35. EC 641 DSP Processors – Architecture 3 36. EC 643 Graph Theory and its Applications to VLSI 3

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 661 SIGNAL COMPRESSION THEORY AND METHODS Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration 3 Hours

Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks Unit-I Review of Information Theory, The discrete memory less information source - Kraft inequality; optimal codes Source coding theorem. Compression Techniques - Lossless and Lossy Compression - Mathematical Preliminaries for Lossless Compression -Huffman Coding - Optimality of Huffman codes - Extended Huffman Coding – Adaptive Huffman Coding - Arithmetic Coding - Adaptive Arithmetic coding, Run Length Coding, Dictionary Techniques - Lempel-Ziv coding, Applications - Predictive Coding - Prediction with Partial Match – Burrows Wheeler Transform, Dynamic Markov Compression. Unit-II Rate distortion theory: Rate distortion function R(D),Properties of R(D); Calculation of R(D) for the binary source and the Gaussian source, Rate distortion theorem, Converse of the Rate distortion theorem, Quantization - Uniform & Non-uniform - optimal and adaptive quantization, vector quantization and structures for VQ, Optimality conditions for VQ, Predictive Coding - Differential Encoding Schemes. Unit- III Mathematical Preliminaries for Transforms, Subbands and Wavelets, Karhunen Loeve Transform, Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms, Discrete Walsh Hadamard Transform, Lapped transforms. Unit- IV Transform coding – Sub-band coding – Wavelet transform based Compression - Analysis/Synthesis Schemes. Unit-V Basics of Data Compression standards: Zip gzip; Audio Compression standards: MPEG, Dolby AC3; and Video Compression Standards: MPEG, H.261, H.263 and H.264. Suggested Reading:

1. Khalid Sayood, “Introduction to Data Compression,” Morgan Kaufmann Publishers., 3/e, 2011.

2. David Salomon, “Data Compression: The Complete Reference,” Springer Publications, 4/e, 2006.

3. Toby Berger, “Rate Distortion Theory: A Mathematical Basis for Data Compression,” PHI, 1971.

4. R.G.Gallager, “Information Theory and Reliable Communication,” John Wiley & Sons, 1968.

5. Martin Vetterli and Jelena Kovacevic, “Wavelets and Subband Coding,” PHI, 1995.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 662 MULTIRATE PROCESSING Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration 3 Hours

Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks

Unit-I

Fundamentals of Multirate Theory: The sampling theorem - sampling at sub-Nyquist rate - Basic Formulations and schemes. Basic Multirate operations- Decimation and Interpolation - Digital Filter Banks- DFT Filter Bank- Identities- Poly-phase representation (c) Maximally decimated filter banks: Poly-phase representation, Errors in the QMF bank, Perfect reconstruction (PR) QMF Bank, Design of an alias free QMF Bank.

Unit-II

M-channel perfect reconstruction filter banks: Uniform band and non uniform filter bank - tree structured filter bank- Errors created by filter bank system- Poly-phase representation- perfect reconstruction systems -

Unit-III

Perfect reconstruction (PR) filter banks: Para-unitary PR Filter Banks- Filter Bank Properties induced by para-unitarity- Two channel FIR para-unitary QMF Bank- Linear phase PR Filter banks- Necessary conditions for Linear phase property- Quantization Effects: -Types of quantization effects in filter banks. - coefficient sensitivity effects, dynamic range and scaling.

Unit-IV

Cosine Modulated filter banks: Cosine Modulated pseudo QMF Bank- Alas cancellation- phase - Phase distortion- Closed form expression- Poly-phase structure- PR System Unit-V Introduction to Wavelet Transforms: Short time Fourier Transform, Cabor Transform, Wavelet Transform, Recursive multi resolution decomposition, Haar wavelet, Digital Filter implementation of the Haar wavelet. Suggested Reading:

1. Robert Cristi, “Modern Digital Signal Processing,” Thomson Books, 2004. 2. F.J. Harris, “Multirate Signal Processing for Communication Systems,” PHI,

2004. 3. N.J. Fliege, “Multirate Digital Signal Processing”, John Wiley 1994. 4. E.C. Ifeachor and B.W.Jervis, Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach,

Addison-Wesley, 1993. 5. Sanjit K. Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing”, TMH, 1998.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 663 VOICE AND SPEECH PROCESSING

Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration 3 Hours Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks

Unit-I Digital models for the speech signal - mechanism of speech production - acoustic theory - lossless tube models - digital models - linear prediction of speech - auto correlation - formulation of LPC equation - solution of LPC equations - Levinson Durbin algorithm - Levinson recursion - Schur algorithm – lattice formulations and solutions - PARCOR coefficients - Spectral analysis of speech - Short Time Fourier analysis - filter bank design. Auditory Perception : Psychoacoustics- Frequency Analysis and Critical Bands - Masking properties of human ear : Unit -II Speech coding: sub-band coding of speech - transform coding - channel vocoder - formant vocoder – cepstral vocoder - vector quantizer coder- Linear predictive Coder. Speech synthesis - pitch extraction algorithms - gold rabiner pitch trackers - autocorrelation pitch trackers - voice/unvoiced detection Unit-III Homo-morphic speech processing – homo-morphic systems for convolution - complex cepstrums - pitch extraction using homo-morphic speech processing. Sound Mixtures and Separation - CASA, ICA & Model based separation. Unit - IV Speech Transformations - Time Scale Modification - Voice Morphing. Automatic speech recognition systems - isolated word recognition - connected word recognition -large vocabulary word recognition systems - pattern classification - DTW, HMM - speaker recognition systems - speaker verification systems – speaker identification Systems. Unit -V Audio Processing : Non speech and Music Signals - Modeling -Differential, transform and sub-band coding of audio signals & standards - High Quality Audio coding using Psychoacoustic models - MPEG Audio coding standard. Music Production - sequence of steps in a bowed string instrument - Frequency response measurement of the bridge of a violin. Audio Data bases and applications - Content based retrieval. Suggested Reading:

1. Rabiner L.R. & Schafer R.W., “Digital Processing of Speech Signals,” Pearson, 2011.

2. Ben Gold & Nelson Morgan, “Speech and Audio Signal Processing,” John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

3. Thomas F. Quatieri, “Discrete-time Speech Signal Processing: Principles and Practice,” PHI, 2006.

4. Marina Bosi and Richard E. Goldberg, “Introduction to Digital Audio Coding and Standards,” Springer, 2010.

5. Thomas W. Parsons, “Voice and Speech Processing,” McGraw Hill, 1986.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 664 DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES

Instruction 3 periods per week University Examination – Duration 3 Hours Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination – Marks 80 Marks Unit-I Review of fundamental concepts and parameters in Digital Communication. Digital modulation schemes, Power spectra of digital modulation signals. Unit-II Performance of carrier modulation schemes : Performance of BPSK and QPSK in AWGN Channel, Performance of Binary FSIC in M- ary PSK in AWGN Channel, Minimum Shift keying (MSK) Modulation, GMSK continuous phase modulation(CPM) schemes. Unit-III Channel characterization and modeling: Optimum receivers for AWGN Channels, Equalization techniques, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Carrier Synchronization, Timing synchronization. Unit-IV Introduction to spread spectrum modulation, Direct Sequence modulation, spreading codes, Advantage of CDMA for wireless, Code Synchronization, Code Acquisition and tracking. Channel estimation, Power control, the near-far problem, FEC coding and CDMA, Frequency Hopping spread spectrum, Complex baseband representation of FHSS, slow and fast frequency hopping, Processing gain. Unit -V Spread spectrum as a Multiple access technique: Multi channel and Multi carrier systems; Digital Communication through fading multipath channels; Multi user communications. ‘Space diversity on Receiver’ technique, MIMO antenna systems, Space time codes for MIMO wireless Communication, Differential space time block codes, SDMA, Smart antennas. Suggested Reading:

1. John G. Proakis and Masoud Salehi, “Digital Communications,” McGraw Hill, 5/e, 2008.

2. Stephen G. Wilson, ”Digital Modulation and coding,” Pearson Education, 2010. 3. Simon Haykin and Michael Moher, “Modern Wireless Communications,” Pearson

Education, 2005. 4. Marvin K. Simon, Sami M. Hinedi and W. C. Lindsay, “Digital Communication

Techniques,” Eastern Economy Edition, 2010. 5. Andrew J Viterbi, “CDMA principles spread spectrum communications,” Adison

Wesley, 1995.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 665 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING


Unit - I Radio Propagation Characteristics: Models for path loss, shadowing and multipath fading (delay spread, coherence band width, coherence time, Doppler spread), Jakes channel model, Digital modulation for mobile radio, analysis under fading channels: Unit – II Wireless Communication Techniques: Diversity techniques and RAKE demodulator, channel coding techniques, multiple access techniques used in wireless mobile communications. Space time propagation, wireless channel, channel as a space time random field, space time channel and signal models, capacity of space time channels, spatial diversity, space time receivers, space time coding with channel knowledge, space time OFDM. Unit – III Wireless networks: WLAN, Bluetooth. Suitable mini-projects in the areas of Space-Time codes and OFDM. The cellular concept: Frequency reuse: The basic theory of hexagonal cell layout: Spectrum efficiency, FDM / TDM cellular systems: Channel allocation schemes, Handover analysis, Erlang capacity comparison of FDM / TDM systems and cellular CDMA. GSM and CDMA cellular standards. Unit – IV Signaling and call control: Mobility management, location tracking. Wireless data networking, packet error modeling on fading channels, performance analysis of link and transport layer protocols over wireless channels. Unit – V Wireless/Wireline interworking: Mobile IP, WAP, Mobile ad-hoc networks. Wireless data in GSM, IS – 95 and GPRS. Space time Wireless Communications. Suggested Reading:

1. Theodore S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice,” Pearson Education, 2011.

2. John G. Proakis and Masoud Salehi, “Digital Communications,” McGraw Hill, 5/e, 2008.

3. William Stallings, “Wireless Communications and Networking,” PHI, 2006. 4. C Sivarama Murthy and B S Manoj, “Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures

and Protocols,” Pearson Education, 2011. 5. Jon W. Mark and Weihua Zhuang, “Wireless Communications and Networking,”

PHI, 2005. 6. Vijay K. Garg, “Wireless Communications and Networking,” Elsevier, 2011.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 666 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS SIMULATION WITH WIRELESS APPLICATIONS


UNIT – I The Role of Simulation: Examples of Complexity, Multidisciplinary Aspects of Simulation, Models, Deterministic and Stochastic Simulation, The role of simulation, Simulation Methodology: Introduction, Aspects of Methodology, Performance estimation, Sampling and Quantizing: Sampling, Quantizing, Reconstruction and Interpolation, The Simulation Sampling Frequency. UNIT – II Low pass Simulation Models for Band pass Signals and Systems: The Low pass Complex Envelope for Band pass Signals, Linear Band pass Systems, Multicarrier Signals, Nonlinear and Time-Varying Systems, Filter Models and Simulation Techniques: Introduction, IIR and FIR Filters, IIR and FIR Filter Implementations, IIR Filters: Synthesis Techniques and Filter Characteristics, FIR Filters: Synthesis Techniques and Filter Characteristics. UNIT – III Case Study: Phase-Locked Loops and Differential Equation Methods: Basic Phase-Locked Loop Concepts, First-Order and Second-Order Loops, Case Study: Simulating the PLL, Solving Differential Equations Using Simulation, Generating and Processing Random Signals: Stationary and Ergodic Processes, Uniform Random Number Generators, Mapping Uniform RVs to an Arbitrary PDF, Generating Uncorrelated Gaussian Random Numbers, Generating Correlated Gaussian Random Numbers, Establishing a PDF and a PSD, PN Sequence Generators, Signal Processing. UNIT – IV Post processing: Basic Graphical Techniques, Estimation, Coding, Introduction to Monte Carlo Methods: Fundamental Concepts, Application to Communications Systems-The AWGN Channel, Monte Carlo Integration. UNIT – V Monte Carlo Simulation of Communication Systems: Two Monte Carlo Examples, Semi analytic Techniques, Methodology for Simulating A Wireless System: System-Level Simplifications and Sampling Rate Considerations, Overall Methodology. Suggested Reading:

1. William H. Tranter, K. Sam Shanmugan, Thodore S. Rappaport and Kurt L. Kosbar, “Principles of Communication systems simulation with Wireless applications,” Pearson Education, 2004.

2. Roger L. Peterson, Rodger E. Zeimer and David E. Borth, “Introduction to spread spectrum communications,” PHI, 1995.

3. William H. Tranter, “Principles of Communications: systems, Modulation and Noise, 5/e, Wiley, 2007.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 667-1 ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination – Duration - Sessionals 50 Marks University Examination – Marks -

Section - 1:

1. Generating basic waveforms (impulse, step, ramp, exponential, sin, …) 2. Digital FIR Filter implementation and realizations: with and without windows. 3. Design of IIR filters (Butterworth, Chebychev, IIR, …). 4. Generation of musical effects using digital filters. 5. Using the Simulink generate the basic waveforms (impulse, step, ramp,

exponential, sin, …) observe the waveforms on the CRO. 6. Using Simulink generate the modulated waveforms. 7. Study and implementation of sigma - delta modulator/ Transmultiplexer.

Section – 2:

1. Declaring and initializing the variables and moving the data to and from Memory (register to memory, memory to register).

2. Setting up Circular buffering , hardwared loops: a. Adding the 10 consecutive numbers b. Splitting he numbers c. Bit level operations.

3. Underatsatding the DSP MAC capabilities. a. Windowing, Convolution, FIR filtering

4. Underatsatding the DSP parallel instruction optimisation. a. FFT without parallel instructions b. FFT with parallel instructions

5. Creation of periodic waveforms and noise sequences using the DSP kit. 6. Interfacing the DSP processor in real time. 7. Initialization of Audio codec.

Note: The experiments will be decided and modified if necessary and conducted by the lecturer concerned.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 667-2 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS SIMULATION LAB

Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration - Sessionals 50 Marks University Examination - Marks -

Section - 1:

1. Simulation study of wavelength division multiplexing and de-multiplexing.

2. Study of digital modulation schemes using Spectrum analyzer.

3. Study and implementation of different simulation techniques.

4. Error detection codes in data communications.

5. Analysis of error coding, parity check and hamming check.

6. Simulation of a communication channel using convolutional encoding and

Viterbi decoding using MATLAB.

7. Simulation of Channel coding / decoding using MATLAB and SIMULINK. Section – 2:

1. Study of wireless LAN

2. Using Wireless digital communication trainer, study of:

a) Baseband digital communication link

b) Quadrature modulation schemes

c) Adaptive equalization techniques

d) GSM and Basics of DS-CDMA

f) Basics of OFDM.

3. Implementation of DPSK modulators and demodulators using MATLAB.

4. Simulation of software radio system using MATLAB.

5. Simulation study of collaborative transmission schemes for Multiuser wireless

systems using MATLAB.

Note: The experiments will be decided and modified if necessary and conducted by

the lecturer concerned.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 668-1 SEMINAR - I

Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination – Duration

-

Sessionals 50 Marks University Examination – Marks

-

Oral presentation and technical report writing are two important aspect of

engineering education. The objective of the seminar is to prepare the student for a

systematic and independent study of the state of the art topics in the advanced

fields of Communication Engineering and related topics.

Seminar topics may be chosen by the students with advice from the faculty members. Students are to be exposed to the following aspects for a seminar presentation.

• Literature survey • Organization of the material • Presentation of OHP slides / LCD presentation • Technical writing

Each student required to: 1. Submit a one page synopsis before the seminar talk for display on the notice

board. 2. Give a 20 minutes time for presentation following by a 10 minutes discussion. 3. Submit a detailed technical report on the seminar topic with list of references and

slides used. Seminars are to be scheduled from the 3rd week to the last week of the semester and any change in schedule shall not be entertained. For award of sessional marks, students are to be judged by at least two faculty members on the basis of an oral and technical report preparation as well as their involvement in the discussions.


EC 668-2 SEMINAR - II

Instruction 3 Periods per week

University Examination – Duration

-

Sessionals 50 Marks University Examination - Marks -

Oral presentation and technical report writing are two important aspect of

engineering education. The objective of the seminar is to prepare the student for a

systematic and independent study of the state of the art topics in the advanced

fields of Communication Engineering and related topics.

Seminar topics may be chosen by the students with advice from the faculty members. Students are to be exposed to the following aspects for a seminar presentation.

• Literature survey • Organization of the material • Presentation of OHP slides / LCD presentation • Technical writing

Each student required to: 4. Submit a one page synopsis before the seminar talk for display on the notice

board. 5. Give a 20 minutes time for presentation following by a 10 minutes discussion. 6. Submit a detailed technical report on the seminar topic with list of references and

slides used. Seminars are to be scheduled from the 3rd week to the last week of the semester and any change in schedule shall not be entertained. For award of sessional marks, students are to be judged by at least two faculty members on the basis of an oral and technical report preparation as well as their involvement in the discussions.


EC 668-3 PROJECT SEMINAR

Instruction 3 Periods per week

University Examination – Duration

-

Sessionals 100 Marks University Examination - Marks - The main objective of the Project Seminar is to prepare the students for the dissertation to be executed in 4th semester. Solving a real life problem should be focus of Post Graduate dissertation. Faculty members should prepare the project briefs (giving scope and reference) at the beginning of the 3rd semester, which should be made available to the students at the departmental library. The project may be classified as hardware / software / modeling / simulation. It may comprise any elements such as analysis, synthesis and design. The department will appoint a project coordinator who will coordinate the following:

• Allotment of projects and project guides. • Conduct project - seminars.

Each student must be directed to decide on the following aspects • Title of the dissertation work. • Organization. • Internal / External guide. • Collection of literature related to the dissertation work.

Each student must present a seminar based on the above aspects as per the following guidelines: 1. Submit a one page synopsis before the seminar talk for display on the notice

board. 2. Give a 20 minutes presentation through OHP, PC followed by a 10 minutes

discussion. 3. Submit a report on the seminar presented giving the list of references. Project Seminars are to be scheduled from the 3rd week to the last week of the semester. The internal marks will be awarded based on preparation, presentation and participation.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 669 DISSERTATION

Instruction -- University Examination – Duration

--

Sessionals -- University Examination - Marks Grade+ The students must be given clear guidelines to execute and complete the project on which they have delivered a seminar in the 3rd semester of the course. All projects will be monitored at least twice in a semester through student’s presentation. Sessional marks should be based on the grades/marks, awarded by a monitoring committee of faculty members as also marks given by the supervisor. Efforts be made that some of the projects are carries out in industries with the help of industry coordinates. Common norms will be established for documentation of the project report by the respective department. The final project reports must be submitted two weeks before the last working day of the semester. The project works must be evaluated by an external examiner and based on his comments a viva voice will be conducted by the departmental committee containing of HOD, two senior faculty and supervisor. + Excellent /Very Good / Good/Satisfactory / Unsatisfactory

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 670 ARRAY SIGNAL PROCESSING

Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration 3 Hours

Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks Unit-I Spatial Signals: Signals in space and time. Spatial frequency, Direction vs. frequency. Wave fields. Far field and Near field signals. Unit-II Sensor Arrays: Spatial sampling, Nyquist criterion. Sensor arrays. Uniform linear arrays, planar and random arrays. Array transfer (steering) vector. Array steering vector for ULA. Broadband arrays. Unit- III Spatial Frequency : Aliasing in spatial frequency domain. Spatial Frequency Transform, Spatial spectrum. Spatial Domain Filtering. Beam Forming. Spatially white signal. Unit-IV Direction of Arrival Estimation : Non parametric methods - Beam forming and Capon methods. Resolution of Beam forming method Unit-V Subspace methods: Subspace methods - MUSIC, Minimum Norm and ESPRIT techniques. Spatial Smoothing. Suggested Reading:

1. Don H. Johnson and Dan E. Dugeon, “Array Signal Processing: Concepts and Techniques,” PHI, 2010.

2. Prabhakar S. Naidu, “Sensor Array Signal Processing,” 2/e, CRC Press, 2009. 3. Simon Haykin, “Array Signal Processing,” PHI, 1984. 4. Petre Stoica and Randolph L. Moses, “Spectral Analysis of Signals,” PHI, 2005.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 671 SPREAD SPECTRUM AND CDMA SYSTEMS Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration 3 Hours

Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks Unit-I Fundamentals of Spread Spectrum: Introduction to spread spectrum communication, pulse noise jamming, low probability of detection, direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency-hopping and time-hopping spread spectrum systems , correlation functions, spreading sequences- maximal-length sequences, gold codes, Walsh orthogonal codes- properties and generation of sequences Synchronization and Tracking: delay lock and tau-dither loops, coarse synchronization- principles of serial search and match filter techniques. Unit-II Performance Analysis of SS system: Performance of spread spectrum system under AWGN, multi-user Interference, jamming and narrow band interferences Low probability of intercept methods, optimum intercept receiver for direct sequence spread spectrum, Error probability of DS-CDMA system under AWGN and fading channels, RAKE receiver Unit-III Capacity & Coverage of Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Networks: Basics of spread spectrum multiple access in cellular environments, reverse Link power control, multiple cell pilot tracking, soft and hard handoffs, cell coverage issues with hard and soft handoff, spread spectrum. Unit-IV Control of Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Networks: Multiple access outage, outage with imperfect power control, Erlang capacity of forward and reverse links. Multi-user Detection -MF detector, decorrelating detector, MMSE detector. Interference Cancellation: successive, Parallel Interference Cancellation, performance analysis of multiuser detectors and interference cancellers. Unit-V CDMA Systems: General aspects of CDMA cellular systems, IS-95 standard, Downlink and uplink, Evolution to Third Generation systems, WCDMA and CDMA-2000 standards, Principles of Multicarrier communication, MCCDMA and MC-DS-CDMA. Suggested Reading:

1. R. L. Peterson, R. Ziemer and D. Borth, “Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications,” PHI, 1995.

2. J. Viterbi, “CDMA - Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications,” Addison-Wesley, 1997.

3. Vijay K. Garg, Kenneth Smolik, and Joseph E. Wilkes, “Applications of CDMA in Wireless/Personal Communications,” PHI, 1995.

4. S. Verdu, “ Multiuser Detection,” Cambridge University Press, 1998 5. M. K. Simon, J. K. Omura, R. A. Scholts and B. K. Levitt, “ Spread Spectrum

Communications Handbook,” McGraw- Hill, 1994. 6. G. R. Cooper and C. D. McGillem, “Modern Communications and Spread

Spectrum,” McGraw- Hill,1985.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 672 WIRELESS CHANNEL CODING Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration 3 Hours

Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks Unit-I Overview of wireless communications. Characterization of wireless channels: Path Loss and shadowing models, Statistical fading models, Narrowband/Wideband fading models. Capacity of Wireless Channels. Performance of Digital Modulation. Diversity in Fading Channels. Unit-II Multiple Antenna and Space-Time Communications: Narrowband MIMO Model, Parallel Decomposition of MIMO Channel, MIMO diversity Gain: Beam forming, Space-Time modulation and coding. Frequency-Selective MIMO communications, Smart Antennas, MIMO Channel Capacity. Unit-III Coding for Wireless Channels: Channel Coding and its potential. Coding in a signal space. Coded modulation and coding with interleaving. Basic error control coding & concerned mathematics. Linear block codes, Cyclic codes, BCH and Reed-Solomon codes. Unit-IV Trellis representation of codes, Coding on a trellis, Convolutional Codes, Trellis coded modulation. Codes on graphs and Concatenated codes. Turbo Codes and LDPC codes. Unit-V Adaptive modulation and coding: Adaptive techniques, Variable-Rate Variable-Power MQAM: adaptive rate and power techniques, Adaptive coded modulation, adaptive techniques in combined fast and slow fading. Suggested Reading:

1. Ezio Biglieri, “Coding for Wireless Channels,” Springer, 2005. 2. D.Tse, and P. Viswanath, “Fundamentals of Wireless Communication,” CUP,

2005. 3. A. Goldsmith, “Wireless Communications,” CUP, 2005. 4. M.K. Simon and M.S. Alouini, “Digital Communication over Fading channels: A

Unified approach to performance analysis,” Wiley, 2000. 5. Theodore S. Rapport, “Wireless Communications- Principles and practice,” 2/e,

PHI, 2002.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 673 ADVANCED OPTICAL COMMUNICATION


Unit-I Solution to Maxwell’s equation in a circularly symmetric step index optical fiber, linearly polarized modes, single mode and multimode fibers, concept of V number, graded index fibers, total number of guided modes (no derivation), attenuation mechanisms in fibers, dispersion in single mode and multimode fibers, dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers, attenuation and dispersion limits in fibers, Kerr nonlinearity, self phase modulation, combined effect of dispersion and self phase modulation.

Unit-II Optical sources - LED and laser diode - Principles of operation, concepts of line width, phase noise, switching and modulation characteristics. Optical detectors - PN detector, pin detector, avalanche photodiode - Principles of operation, concepts of responsivity, sensitivity and quantum efficiency, noise in detection, typical receiver configurations (high impedance and trans-impedance receivers). Unit-III Coherent systems - Homodyne and heterodyne systems, coherent systems using PSK, FSK, ASK and DPSK modulations.

Unit -IV

Noise Effects in coherent systems: Related noise effects, performance degradation induced by laser phase and intensity noise, degradation due to fiber dispersion, degradation induced by nonlinear effects in fiber propagation.

Unit -V Optical amplifiers - semiconductor amplifier, rare earth doped fiber amplifier (with special reference to erbium doped fibers), Raman amplifier, Brillouin amplifier - principles of operation, amplifier noise, signal to noise ratio, gain, gain bandwidth, gain and noise dependencies, inter modulation effects, saturation induced crosstalk, wavelength range of operation.

Suggested Reading:

1. John Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice,” 3/e, Pearson,2010.

2. Govind P. Agrawal, “Fiber-Optic Communication Systems,” 3/e, John Wiley & Sons, 2002. 3. Gerd Keiser, “Optical Fibre Communications,” 3/e, McGraw Hill, 2000. 4. John Gowar, “Optical Communication Systems,” 2/e, PHI, 1993.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 674 MIMO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration 3 Hours

Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks Unit-I Information theoretic aspects of MIMO: Review of SISO communication - MIMO channel models - Classical i.i.d. and extended channels – Frequency selective and correlated channel models - Capacity of MIMO channels - Ergodic and Outage Capacity - Capacity bounds - Influence of channel properties on capacity. Unit-II MIMO Diversity and Spatial Multiplexing: Space Time Diversity Aspects - Sources and types of diversity - analysis under Rayleigh fading – Diversity and Channel knowledge - MIMO Spatial multiplexing - Space Time receivers - ML - MMSE - ZF – Sphere decoding - BLAST receivers - DMG tradeoff in MIMO systems. Unit-III Space Time Block Codes: Alamouti's code for two transmit antennas - Comparison with dual-branch receive diversity STBC based on real/complex orthogonal designs - Code Design Criteria for quasi-static Channels (Rank, Determinant and Euclidean Distance). Unit-IV Orthogonal Designs : Generalized Orthogonal Designs - Quasi-Orthogonal Designs - Performance Analysis. Representation of STTC- shift register, generator matrix, state-transition diagram, trellis Unit-V Space Time Trellis Codes: Diagram - Code construction. Delay diversity as a special case of STTC- Performance Analysis. Suggested Reading:

1. Paulraj R. Nabar and D. Gore, “Introduction to Space Time Wireless Communications,” Cambridge University Press, 2003.

2. B.Vucetic and J. Yuan, “Space-Time Coding,” John Wiley, 2003. 3. E.G. Larsson and P. Stoica, “Space-Time Block Coding for Wireless

Communications,” Cambridge University press. 4. H. Jafarkhani, “Space-Time Coding: Theory and Practice,” Cambridge University

Press. 5. D. Tse and P. Viswanath, “Fundamentals of Wireless Communication,”

Cambridge University Press.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 675 ACTIVE RF DEVICES AND CIRCUITS Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration 3 Hours

Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks Unit – I Transistor and MESFETS: Transistor Amplifiers - Types of amplifiers. S- parameter characterization of transistors; MESFETs – Equivalent circuit model. Single stage amplifier design- unilateral and bilateral cases, Amplifier stability, Constant gain and noise circles, DC bias circuits for amplifiers; Detectors and Mixers. Unit – II Diodes:Point contact and Schottky barrier diodes- Characteristics and equivalent circuit, Theory of microwave detection, Detector circuit design. Unit – III RF mixers: Types of mixers, mixer theory and characteristics. SSB versus DSB mixers. Single-ended mixer and single-balanced mixer- Design and realization in microstrip. Double balanced and image rejection mixers. Unit – IV Oscillators: Oscillator versus amplifier design, Oscillation conditions; Gunn diode – Modes of operation, Equivalent circuit. Design of Gunn diode oscillator in microstrip. FET oscillators. Frequency tuning techniques. Unit – V Switches and Phase Shifters: PIN diode– Equivalent, circuit and Characteristics, Basic series and shunt switches in microstrip; SPST and SPDT switches, Switched line, branch line coupled and loaded line phase shifters in microstrip. Applications in phased arrays. Suggested Reading:

1. D. K. Misra, “Radio Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits – Analysis and Design,” John Wiley, 2004.

2. G. Gonzalez, “Microwave Transistor Amplifiers – Analysis and Design,” PHI, 1997.

3. D. M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering,” John Wiley, 1998. 4. G.D. Vendelin, A.M. Pavio and U.L. Rhode, “Microwave Circuit Design using

Linear and Non-linear Techniques,” 1990. 5. S.K. Koul and B. Bhat, “Microwave and Millimeter Wave Phase Shifters,” Vol. II-

Semiconductor and Delay Line Phase Shifters, Artech House, 1991.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 504 DATA AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration 3 Hours

Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT - I Data Communications and Networks Overview: Data Communications Model Communication Tasks, Basic concepts of Networking and Switching, Networking configurations, Protocols and Architecture, Key Elements of a Protocol, Protocols in Simplified Architecture, Protocol Data Units (PDU), Operation of a Protocol Architecture, Operation of a Protocol Architecture, Standardized Protocol Architectures, OSI and TCP/IP Architectures, Comparisons between OSI and TCP/IP, TCP/IP Addressing Concepts, concepts of Frequency, Spectrum and Bandwidth, Modem, Codec and Shannon Capacity. UNIT - II Line Configuration, Interfacing, Characteristics of Physical Layer Interface, Flow Control,Sliding Window Flow Control, Error control, CRC, ARQ Protocols, Data Link Control, Bit stuffing, HDLC Operation; Hierarchy of FDM schemes, WDM Operation, TDM Link Control, Hierarchy of TDM, DS-1 Transmission Format, SONET/SDH Frame Formats. Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line, xDSL. UNIT - III Circuit Switching and Packet Switching: Circuit Switching concepts, Circuit Switching applications, Circuit Switch Elements, Three Stage Space Division Switch, Blocking and Nonblocking switching, Time Division Switching, Control Signaling Functions, In ChannelSignaling, Common Channel Signaling, Introduction to Signaling System Number 7 (SS7),Packet Switching Principles, Datagram and Virtual Circuit switching, Effects of variable packet size, X.25, X.25 Protocol Control Information. Routing: Routing in Circuit Switched Network, Routing in Packet Switched Network, Routing Strategies, Least Cost Algorithms, Bellman-Ford Algorithm. UNIT - IV LAN Architecture: Topologies, Choice of Topology, Ring and Star Usage, MAC and LLC,Generic MAC Frame Format, Bridge, Bridge Operation, Bridges and LANs with AlternativeRoutes, Spanning Tree, Loop resolution in bridges, Hubs, Two Level Star Topology, Layer 2 Switches, Wireless LAN, Multi cell Wireless LANs, IEEE 802.11 Architecture, IEEE 802.11Medium Access Control logic. UNIT - V ATM, Architecture of ATM, Congestion Control and Quality of Service in ATM, Internetworking, IPv4, IPv6 comparison , Transport layer protocols, UDP Operation, TCPfeatures, Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion Control, Network Management System,SNMP, SIP, and H.323 architectures, Security in the Internet, IP Security, Firewalls. Suggested Reading:

1. William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communications”, Eigth Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.

2. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking”, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 513 MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION SYSTEMS


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT I Definition of Multimedia, Multimedia system description. Applications of Multimedia. Types of Multimedia: a non-interactive, interactive. Hypertext. UNIT II Multimedia Networking: ATM. ISDN. WAN and their comparisons, Multimedia synchronization. Serial and Parallel. UNIT III Motion estimation techniques: Bruteforce, algorithm three step, search algorithm. 2-D algorithm and conjugate direction search algorithm. Image compression standards: Review on loseless and lossy comprssion models.JPEG.H261 MPEG1,MPEG2 and MPEG4. UNIT IV Audio coding: Introduction to multi rate signals. MPEG1 and MPEG2 audio encoder and decoder. UNIT V Multimedia information indexing and Retrieval: General information Retrieval (IR) model. Differences between IR and DBMS Basic IR models. File structure, audio indexing and Retrieval methods. Image Retrieval based on shape and moments and watermarking Techniques. Suggested Reading:

1. Guojun Lu., Communication and Computing for distributed multimedia systems, Artech House, Bosto, London,1995.

2. Bhaskar V and Konstantindes K, Image and Video Compression Standards algorithms and Architecture kluwer Academic, Sept, 1997.

3. Judith Jeffocate, Printmedia in practice (Theory and Applications), PHI, 1998.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 535 GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT-I GPS fundamentals: INS, Trilaiteration, Hyperbolic navigation, Transit, GPS principle of operation, architecture, operating frequencies, orbits, Keplerian elements.Solar and Siderial days, GPS and UTC Time UNIT-II GPS Signals: Signal structure, C/A and P-Code, ECEF and ECI coordinate systems and WGS 84 and Indian datums, Important components of receiver and specifications, link budget. UNIT-III GPS Error Models: Ionospheric error, Tropospheric error, Ephemeris error, Clock errors, Satellite and receiver instrumental biases, Antenna Phase center variation, multipath; estimation of Total Electron Content (TEC) using dual frequency measurements, Various DOPs, UERE. Spoofing and Anti-spoofing. : Future GPS satellites, new signals and their benefits GPS integration – GPS/GIS, GPS/INS, GPS/pseudolite, GPS/cellular. UNIT-IV GPS data processing, DGPS and Applications: RINEX Navigation and Observation formats, Code and carrier phase observables, linear combination and derived observables, Ambiguity resolution, cycle slips, Position estimation. principle of operation of DGPS, architecture and errors, UNIT-V Other Constellations and Augmentation systems Other satellite navigation constellations GLONASS and Galileo IRNS System. : Relative advantages of SBAS and GBAS, Wide area augmentation system (WAAS) architecture, GAGAN, EGNOS and MSAS. Local area augmentation system (LAAS) concept. Suggested Reading:

1. B.Hofmann Wollenhof, H.Lichtenegger, and J.Collins, “GPS Theory and Practice”, Springer Wien, new York, 2000.

2. Pratap Misra and Per Enge, “Global Positioning System Signals, Measurements, and Performance,” Ganga-Jamuna Press, Massachusetts, 2001.

3. Ahmed El-Rabbany, “Introduction to GPS,” Artech House, Boston, 2002. 4. Bradford W. Parkinson and James J. Spilker, “Global Positioning System: Theory

and Applications,” Volume II, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Washington, 1996.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 545 RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks

UNIT-I Introduction : Classification of Radars based on functions, principles of operation etc., performance measures and interplay between Radar parameters, Target parameters and Environment parameters. Classical Detection and Estimation Theory, Binary Hypotheses Testing, Likelyhood Ratio Test, Neymon square, MAP, Maximum Likelihood Estimation of parameters, Cramer-Rao Bounds, Chemoof Bounds. UNIT–II Representation of Singals, K-L expansion, Equivalent Low-pass representation of Band pass signals and noise. Detection of Slowly Fluctuating point Targets in white noise and coloured noise. Swerling Target models. Optimum receivers. Correlator and Band pass M atohed Filter Receivers. PD – PF performance; Coherent and non-coherent Integration sub-optimum Reception. Radar Power – Aperture product.

UNIT-III Range and Doppler Resolution : Ambiguity function and its properties. Local and Global Accuracy. Signal Design. LFM. Polyphase coded signals Detection of a Doppler shifted slowly fluctuating point target return in a discrete scatterer environment. UNIT-IV Dobly dipersive Fading Target and Clutter models-Scattering function description. Land clutter-pulse length limited and Beam width limited clutter. Sea clutter. UNIT-V Optimum / Sub optimum reception of Range Spread / Doppler Spread / Doubly spread targets in the presence of noise and clutter. Introduction to Adaptive Detection and CFAR Techniques. Suggested Reading:

1. Di Franco. JV and Rubin, WL., “Radar Detection”, Artech House, 1980. 2. Gaspare Galati (Ed), “Advanced Radar Techniques and Systems”, Peter Perigrinus Ltd., 1993. 3. Ramon Nitzberg, “Radar Signal Processing and Adaptive Systems”, Artech House, 1999. 4. August. W Rihaczek, “Principles of High Resolution Radar”, Artech House, 1996.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 562 ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT-I Approaches to the development of adaptive filter theory. Introduction to filtering, smoothing and prediction. Wiener filter theory, introduction; Error performance surface; Normal equation; Principle of orthogonality; Minimum mean squared error; example. UNIT-II Gradient algorithms; Learning curves; LMS gradient algorithm; LMS stochastic gradient algorithms; convergence of LMS algorithms. UNIT-III Applications of adaptive filter to adaptive noise canceling, Echo cancellation in telephone circuits and adaptive beam forming. UNIT-IV Kalman Filter theory; Introduction; recursive minimum mean square estimation for scalar random variables; statement of the kalman filtering problem: the innovations process; Estimation of state using the innovations process; Filtering examples. UNIT-V Vector Kalman filter formulation. Examples. Application of kalman filter to target tracking. Suggested Reading:

1. Sophoclas, J. Orphanidies, “Optimum signal processing an introduction”, McMillan, 1985.

2. Simon Haykins, “Adaptive signal processing”, PHI, 1986.

3. Bernard Widrow, “Adaptive signal processing”, PHI,1986.

4. Bozic. SM., Digital and kalman Filtering.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 572 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT-I Use of optimization methods. Introduction to classical optimization techniques, motivation to the simplex method, simplex algorithm, sensitivity analysis. UNIT-II Search methods - Unrestricted search, exhaustive search, Fibonocci method, Golden section method, Direct search method, Random search methods, Univariate method, simplex method, Pattern search method. UNIT-III Descent methods, Gradient of function, steepest decent method, conjugate gradient method. Characteristics of constrained problem, Direct methods, The complex method, cutting plane method. UNIT-IV Review of a global optimization techniques such as Monte Carlo method, Simulated annealing and Tunneling algorithm. UNIT-V Generic algorithm - Selection process, Crossover, Mutation, Schema theorem, comparison between binary and floating point implementation. Suggested Reading:

1. SS Rao, “Optimization techniques”, PHI, 1989. 2. Zhigmiew Michelewicz, “Genetic algorithms + data structures = Evaluation

programs”, Springer Verlog - 1992. 3. Merrium C. W., “Optimization theory and the design of feedback control

systems”, McGraw Hill, 1964. 4. Weldo D.J., “Optimum seeking method”, PHI, 1964.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 577 IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT-I Fundamentals of Image Processing and Image Transforms: Basic steps of Image Processing System, Sampling and Quantization of an image, relationship between pixels. Image Transforms: 2 D- Discrete Fourier Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Wavelet Transforms: Continuous Wavelet Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transforms. UNIT-II Image Processing Techniques: Image Enhancement: Spatial domain methods: Histogram processing, Fundamentals of Spatial filtering, Smoothing spatial filters, Sharpening spatial filters. Frequency domain methods: Basics of filtering in frequency domain, image smoothing, image sharpening, Selective filtering. Image Segmentation: Segmentation concepts, Point, Line and Edge Detection. Thresholding, Region Based segmentation. UNIT-III Image Compression: Image compression fundamentals - Coding Redundancy, Spatial and Temporal redundancy, Compression models: Lossy & Lossless, Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding, LZW coding, Run length coding, Bit plane coding, Transform coding, Predictive coding, Wavelet coding, JPEG Standards. UNIT- IV Basic concepts of Video Processing: Analog Video, Digital Video. Time-Varying Image Formation models: Three-Dimensional Motion Models, Geometric Image Formation, Photometric Image Formation, Sampling of Video signals, Filtering operations. UNIT-V 2-D Motion Estimation: Optical flow, General Methodologies, Pixel Based Motion Estimation, Block- Matching Algorithm, Mesh based Motion Estimation, Global Motion Estimation, Region based Motion Estimation, Multi resolution motion estimation, Waveform based coding, Block based transform coding, Predictive coding, Application of motion estimation in Video coding. Suggested Reading:

1. Gonzaleze and Woods ,Digital Image Processing , 3rd ed., Pearson. 2. Yao Wang, Joem Ostermann and Ya–quin Zhang ,Video processing and

communication, 1st Ed., PH Int. 3. M. Tekalp ,Digital Video Processing , Prentice Hall International

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 578 NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC


UNIT-I Introduction:Introduction to ANS (Artificial Neural systems) Technology, ANS simulation, Types of Neural Networks: Hopfield, perceptron and related models, Adaline and Madaline: Adaline and the Adaptive Linear Combiner, the Madaline and simulating the Adaline. Essential vector operations, Lateral Inhibition and Sensory Processing. UNIT-II: Probabilistic Models, Fuzzy ARTMAP and Recurrent Networks:-Probabilistic Neural Networks, General Regression Neural Networks, Fuzzy ARTMAP, Recurrent Back propagation Neural Networks, Hybrid Learning Neural Networks:- Counter propagation Network, Radial basis Function Networks. UNIT-III Application of Neural Networks: Design and optimization of Systems: Non-Linear optimization, Inverse design problems, Pattern Recognition Applications: Control Chart pattern Recognition, Recognition of Machine-Cells in a group technology layout. Complex pattern Recognition tasks: Pattern mapping, Temporal patters, pattern variability, Neocognitron, Addition of lateral inhibition and Feedback to the Neocognitron. UNIT – IV Introduction to Fuzzy systems, Fuzzy sets and operations on Fuzzy sets, Basics of Fuzzy relations, Fuzzy measures, Fuzzy integrals, Transform Image coding with Adaptive Fuzzy systems, Adaptive FAM systems for Transform coding. UNIT-V Comparison of Fuzzy and Kalman-Filter Target, Tracking control systems, Fuzzy and Math-Model Controllers, Real Time Target Tracking, Fuzzy Controller, Kalmaln-Filter Controller, Fuzzified CMAC and RBF – Network based self learning Controllers. Suggested Reading:

1. James A. Freeman and David M. Skapura,Neural Networks; Algorithms Applications and Programming Techniques, Pearson Education, India,2008.

2. James A. Anderson ,An introduction to Neural Networks ,PHI,2003. 3. B.Yegnanarayana,Artificial Neural Networks, PHI Publications India,2006. 4. M.Ananda Rao and J.Srinivas, Neural Networks: Algorithms and Applications,

Narosa Publications 2009.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 580 NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT-I Solution of transcendental and polynomial equations – Newton – Raphson method, Chebyshev Method, Birge – Victa Method, Bairstow’s method. UNIT-II Interpolation for functions of a single variable – Newton’s divided differences interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation, Newton’s forward and backward interpolation, Stirling’s Central differences interpolation. Bivariate interpolation – Lagrange’s and Newton’s formulas. UNIT-III Eigen values and eigen vectors of a matrix – power method, Jacobi’s method. Solution of systems of linear equations – Gauss – Jordan method, Gauss – Seidel iteration Method. UNIT-IV Numerial differentiation, Numerical integration – Newton – Cotes formula, Trape Zoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3 rule, Simpson’s 3/8 rule, Gaussian quadrature – Gauss – Legendre quadrature formula. UNIT-V Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations – Runge – Kutta fourth order method, Adams – Bashforth methods, Adams – Moulton’s methods, Milne’s Predictor – Corrector method. Classification of partial differential equations – Finite difference schemes for one dimensional heat equation and Laplace’s equations. Numerical solution of Integral equations – Finite difference methods for solving Fredholm’s integral equation. Suggested Reading:

1. Raja raman, Numerical Methods , Prentice Hall of India, 3rd ed., 1995. 2. S.S. Sastry, Introductiory methods of Numerical Analysis, PHI., 1995. 3. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar and R.K. jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and

Engineering Computation-Wiley Eastern, 1990.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 592 MODERN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT-I Characterization of Communication signals and systems: Bandpass signals, Linear Bandpass systems and its response, Bandpass stationary stochastic processes, Power spectra of linearly modulated signals. UNIT-II Baseband Data Transmission: Correlative coding: Duobinary signaling, Duobinary decoding, Precoding, Duobinary equivalent transfer function, Comparison of Binary with Duobinary signaling Polybinary signaling, Inter symbol interference, Equalization. UNIT-III Bandpass Data Transmission: Coherent and non coherent modulation and detection of digital (binary and M-ary) signals, Optimum Receiver, MSK, Mary signaling and performances. UNIT-IV Encryption and Decryption: A model of the encryption and decryption process, cipher systems, stream encryption and public key encrypt systems. UNIT-V Fading channel characteristics: channel characteristics, channel classification, channel correlation function and power spectra, the effect signal characteristics on the choice of channel model, Mitigation techniques for multipath fading channel: space diversity, frequency diversity, time diversity, multipath diversity and RAKE Receiver, frequency selective and non selective fading, Example of Radio channels. Suggested Reading: 1. John G. Proakis,Digital Communications, 4th edition, McGraw Hill international

edition, 2001. 2. Bernard Sklar, Digital communications fundamentals and Application, 2nd edition,

Pearson education, 2001. 3. Fuqin Xiong, Digital modulation Techniques, Artech House, 2000. 4. Stephen G. Witson,Digital modulation and coding, Prentice Hall, New Jessey, 1996. 5. Rodger E. Ziemer and Roger L Peterson, Introduction to Digital coomunication, 2nd

edition, Prentice Hall International edition,2001.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 592 WIRELESS MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT-I Modern Over View wireless communication systems: 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G and 4G technologies WLL, WLAN, PAN and Bluetooth. Cellular Concept: Frequency reuse, Channel assignment strategies, handoff strategies. UNIT-II Interference and system capacity, near end and far end interference, effect of near end mobile units. Grade of service, improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems. UNIT-III Mobile radio propagation : large scale propagation free space propagation model. Outdoor propagation models: longely Rice model, Durkin’s model, A case study, okumura model, Hata model, PCS Extension to Hata model. Indoor propagation models: partition losses(same floor), partition losses(between floors), log distance path loss model, ericsson multiple breakpoint model, attenuation factor model, signal penetration into buildings. UNIT-IV Small scale fading & multipaths: Factors influencing small scale fading, small scale multipath measurements, parameters of mobile multipath channel. Types of small scale fading. Spread Spectrum techniques,Multiple Access techniques: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, CDMA Cellular radio networks. UNIT-V Modulation techniques for mobile radio, constant enevelop modulation AMPS, and ETACS, GSM.Intelligent network for wireless communication advanced intelligent network (AIN), SS7 network for ISDN & AIN. Wireless ATM networks. Suggested Reading:

1. Rappaport, “Wireless Communication”, Pearson Education, 2nd edition, 2002. 2. William C. Y. Lee, “Mobile Cellular Telecommunications: Analog and Digital Systems”, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill Electronic Engineering Series, 1995. 3. William C.Y. Lee, “Mobile Communication Engineering”, Mc-Graw Hill, 1997. 4. Mike Gallegher, Randy Snyder, “Mobile Telecommunications Networking with IS-41”, McGraw Hill 1997. 5. Kernilo, Feher, “Wireless Digital Communications”, PHI, 2002.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 593 PROBABILITY AND RANDOM PROCESSES Instruction 3 Periods per week University Examination - Duration 3 Hours

Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT-I Probability and distribution: Joint and conditional probability, independent events, Combined sample space, events in the combined space, probabilities in combined experiments, concept of random variables, distribution and density functions: Gaussian, Binomial, Poison, Uniform, Exponential, Rayleigh, Rice and Chi-Square distributions, conditional distribution and density functions. UNIT-II Operations in Random Variables: Expectation, moments, Chebychev’s inequality and Markov’s inequality. functions that give moments, characteristic functions, moment generating function, transformation of a random variable, computer generation of one random variable problems, vector random variables, joint distribution and joint density properties, condition distribution and density, statistical independent, sum of several variables, central limit theorem: unequal distribution, equal distribution. UNIT-III Multiple Random Variables and Processes: Expected value of a function of Random variables, Joint moments about the origin, joint central moments, joint characteristic functions, jointly Gaussian random variables and properties, Linear transformation of Gaussian Random Variables. Sampling and Limit theorems: estimation of Mean, Power and Variance, Weak law of Large numbers and Strong law of Large numbers. Complex random variables. UNIT-IV The random process and spectral characteristics: concept, stationery and independence, correlation functions, complex random processes. Spectral Characteristics of Random Processes: Power density spectrum and its properties. Relationship between power spectrum and auto correlation function. Cross power density spectrum and its properties, Relationship between cross power spectrum and cross correlation. Power spectrums of complex processes. UNIT- V Linear System with Random Inputs: Random signal response of linear systems, auto correlation of response and cross correlation functions of linear systems. System evaluation using random noise. White and colored noise. Spectral characteristic of a system response. Noise band width, band pass, band limited processes, narrow band processes, properties of band limited processes. Modeling of noise sources, an antenna as noise source. Suggested Reading:

1. Peyton Z. Peebles JR., “Probability Random Variables and Random Signal Principles”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, edition, 4/e, 2002.

2. Athanasios Papolis, “Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes”, McGraw Hill, Inc., 3rd edi., 1991.

3. Stark, “Probability & Random Process with Application to Signal Processing”, Pearson Education, 3rd edition, 2002.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 594 CODING THEORY AND TECHNIQUES


UNIT – I Introduction: Digital communication system, Wireless channel statistical models, BER performance in AWGN and fading channels for different modulation schemes, BER performance of CDMA, FH – CDMA in AWGN and fading channels, capacity of fading channels with CSI, Diversity reception, channel coding Theorem, Channel coding gain. UNIT – II Block Coding: Galois fields, polynomials over Galois fields, RS codes, Decoding Techniques for RS codes, LDPC encoder and decoder, Performance analysis of RS and LDPC codes. BCH codes. UNIT – III Convolution codes:Linear convolution encoders, Structural properties of Convolution codes, Viterbi decoding technique for convolution codes – Soft / Hard decision, concatenation of block codes and convolutional codes, performance analysis, concept of Trellis coded modulation. UNIT – IV Turbo Codes: Parallel concatenation, Turbo encoder, Iterative decoding using BCJR algorithm, Performance analysis. UNIT – V Space – Time Coding: MIMO systems, MIMO fading channels, rate gain & diversity gain, transmit diversity, Alamouti scheme, OSTBC codes, Linear space – time codes, trellis space – time codes, Space – time codes with no CSI Suggested Reading:

1. S.B. Wicker, Error control systems for Digital communication and storage, 2. Prentice-hall 1995. E. Biglieri, Coding for Wireless Channels, Springer,2007. 3. K.L.Du & M.N.S.Swamy, Wireless Communication Systems: From RF 4. Subsystems to G Enabling Technoligies, Cambridge,2010. 5. J.G. Proakis & M. Salehi, Digital Communications, Mc Graw-Hill, 2008.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 600 SATELLITE AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION


UNIT-I Introductory concepts: Transmission problem, simplified transmission system, the decibel and basic derived decibel unit, Neper, practical transmission, speech, SNR, Noise figure and noise temperature, EIRP and conversion factors, CCITT modulation plan, loading of FDM system, pilot tones, noise calculation, through super group techniques, compandors, characteristics ofcarrier equipment. UNIT- II Line-of-sight communication systems: Link engineering, propagation characteristics in free space, path calculations, feeding, diversity reception, noise power ratio and its measurements, frequency planning. Path and link reliability, rainfall and other precipitation attenuation, radio link repeaters, antenna towers and masts, plain reflectors as passive repeaters, noise planning on radio links. UNIT – III Tropospheric scatter communication system: Introduction, phenomenon of tropospheric scatter, tropospheric fading, path loss calculations, aperture to medium coupling loss take of angle, equipment configuration, isolation, inter modulation, typical tropospheric scatter parameters. Frequency assignment. Earth station technology: The satellite earth space window, path loss considerations of the up link and down path calculations. UNIT- IV Earth station, G/T, C/N , link calculation, C/N for the complete link, and design of communication systems via satellites, Modulation, Multiplexing and multiple access techniques: TDMA,FDMA, CDMA,SSMA, SPADE. UNIT – V Reliability, Redundancy, Quality assurance, Echo control and Echo suppression, introductory concepts of VSATS, GIS, GPS and Future trends, Pay load engineering – Definition, constraints, specification and configurations. Suggested Reading:

1. Roger L Free man, “Telecommunication transmission handbook”, John Wiley, 4th Edition,1998.

2. T.Pratt & C.W. Bostian, “Satellite Communication Systems”, PHI, 1st edition,1986.

3. B.G.Evans, Satellite communication system edited, 3rd edition, IET, U.K., 2008. 4. Dennis Roddy, “Satellite Communication Systems”, Mc Graw Hill publications,

4th Edition,2006. 5. Wayne Tomasi “Advanced Electronics Communication System” Pearson

Education, 6th Edition, April 2003.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 603 SMART ANTENNAS FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT- I Cellular Radio concepts – Spread Spectrum CDMA – Antenna Systems – Radio wave propagation – fading – Cellular CDMA – IS-95 CDMA system work – Reverse Traffic Transmission – Forward Channel Signal – Evaluation of CDMA 2000. UNIT- II Introduction to Smart Antennas – Spatial processing for wireless systems – Fixed beam forming networks – Switched beam systems – Adaptive Antenna Systems – Wide band Smart Antennas – Digital Radio Receiver techniques - Array calibrations. UNIT- III Smart Antennas Techniques for CDMA: Non Coherent CDMA – Coherent CDMA –Multi user spatial processing – Re sectoring using Smart Antennas – Down link beam forming for CDMA. UNIT- IV CDMA System Range and Improvements using Spatial Filtering – Range extensions in CDMA – Spatial filtering at IS-95 base station – Reverse channel performance – Spatial filtering at WLL subscriber unit – Range and Capacity Analysis. UNIT- V Optimal Spatial Filtering and Adaptive Algorithms – Array performance in Multipath – under loaded , over loaded adaptive arrays – Adaptive algorithms for CDMA – Multi Target Decision Directed Algorithms – Estimation Algorithms – RF position location systems. Suggested Reading:

1. Joseph C. Liberti Jr., Theodore S Rappaport, “Smart Antennas for wireless communications IS-95 and third generation CDMA applications”, PTR – PH publishers, 1st edition, 1989.

2. T.S Rappaport, “Smart Antennas Adaptive arrays algorithms and wireless position location”, IEEE press 1998, PTR – PH publishers 1999.

3. Garg, “IS-95 CDMA and CDMA 2000, “Cellular / PCs systems implementation”, Pearson Education, 2002.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 605 DETECTION AND ESTIMATION THEORY


UNIT-I Classical Detection Theory: Binary hypothesis testing; Baye’s, Minimax and Neyman – Pearson tests. Composite hypothesis testing. UNIT- II Signal Detection in Discrete Time : Models and Detector structures; Detection of deterministic signals in independent noise; Detection in Gaussian noise. Detection of signals with random parameters. Detection of stochastic signals. Performance evaluation of detection procedures. UNIT-III Parameter Estimation: Bayesian Parameter Estimation; MMSE, MMAE and MAP estimation procedures. Non random parameter estimation, general structure. Exponential families; completeness theorem. The information inequality. Maximum likelihood Estimation (MLE). Asymptotic properties of MLE’s UNIT-IV Signal Estimation in discrete – Time: The discrete – time kalman – Bucy filter. Linear estimation; Orthogonality Principle. Wiener – Kolmogrov filtering; Causal and non-causal filters. UNIT- V Signal Detection in Continuous Time : Detection of deterministic signals in Gaussian noise; Coherent detection. Detection of signals with unknown parameters. Suggested Reading: 1. H.V. Poor, “An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation”, Springer – Verlag,

2nd edition, 1998. 2. M.D. Srinath & P.K. Rajasekaran, “An introduction to statistical signal processing

with applications”, Prentice Hall, 2002. 3. H.L. Vantrees, “Detection, Estimation & Modulation Theory”, Part-I, John Wiley &

Sons, 1968.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 641 DSP PROCESSORS – ARCHITECTURE


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT I Introduction to DSP Processors: Differences between DSP and other µp architectures, their comparison and need for special ASPs , RISC & CISC CPUs . UNIT II Overview of DSP processor design: fixed point DSPs – Architecture of TMS 320C 5X, C54X Processors , addressing modes, Assembly instructions, Pipelining and on-chip peripherals. Floating point DSPs: Architecture of TMS 320 – IX. UNIT III Data formats, F.P. operations, addressing modes, instructions, pipelining and peripherals. UNIT IV DSP interfacing & software development tools: I/O interfacing with A/D converters, PCs , Dual port RAMS, EPGAs, DSP tools – Assembler, debugger, c-compiler, linker, editor, code composer studio. UNIT V Applications using DSPs adaptive filtering, spectrum analysis, Echo cancellation modems, voice synthesis and recognition. Brief ideas of AD, Motorola DSP CPUs and their comparison with TI CPUS. Suggested Reading:

1. C. Marren & G. Ewess, “A Simple Approach to Digital Signal Processing”, WILEY Inter-science, 1996.

2. K. Shin, “DSP Applications with TMS 320 Family”, Prentice Hall, 1987. 3. B. Ventakaramani, M. Bhaskar, “Digital Signal Processes, Architecture

Processing and Applications”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2002.

WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 EC 643 GRAPH THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO VLSI


Sessionals 20 Marks University Examination - Marks 80 Marks UNIT-I Introduction: Basic definitions, results and examples relating to Graph theory, self-complementing graphs and properties of graphs, Trees, Spanning tree & directed graphs. UNIT-II Definitions of strongly, weakly, unilaterally connected graphs and deadlocks. Metric representation of graphs. Classes of graphs: standard results relating to characterization of Hamiltonian graphs, standard theorems UNIT-III Self-centered graphs and related theorems. Chromatic number vertex and edge – application to coloring, linear graphs, Euler’s formula. UNIT-IV Graph algorithms: DFS – BFS algorithms, min. spanning tree and max. spanning tree algorithm. Directed graphs algorithms for matching, properties flow in graph and algorithms for max flow. PERT-CPM, complexity of algorithms, P-NP – NPC – NP hard problems and examples. UNIT-V Linear integer and dynamic programming : Conversions of TSP, max. flow, shortest path problems. Branch bound methods, critical path and linear programming conversion. Floor shop scheduling problem, personal assignment problem, dynamic programming - TSP – best investment problems. Suggested Reading:

1. C. Papadimitriou & K. Steiglitz, Combinational Optimization Prentice Hall, 1982. 2. H. Gerej, Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation, John Wiley, 1992. 3. B. Korte & J. Vygen, Combinational Optimization, Springer Verilog, 2000. 4. G.L. Nemhauser & AL Wolsey, Integer & Combinatorial Optimization, John

Wiley,1999. 5. W.J. Cook et al, “Combinational optimization”, John Wiley,2000.

department of electronics & communication engineering...

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