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Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering

M.Tech. Photonics

Curriculum & Syllabus

2014 Regulations

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ACADEMIC REGULATIONS

(M.TECH./ M.B.A. / M.C.A.)

(Full - Time / Part – Time)

(Effective 2014-15)

1. Vision, Mission and Objectives

1.1 The Vision of the Institute is “To make

every man a success and no man a failure”.

In order to progress towards the vision, the

Institute has identified itself with a mission to

provide every individual with a conducive

environment suitable to achieve his / her

career goals, with a strong emphasis on

personality development, and to offer quality

education in all spheres of engineering,

technology, applied sciences and

management, without compromising on the

quality and code of ethics.

1.2 Further, the institute always strives

To train our students with the latest and the best in the rapidly changing fields of Engineering, Technology, Management, Science & Humanities.

To develop the students with a global outlook possessing, state of the art skills, capable of taking up challenging responsibilities in the respective fields.

To mould our students as citizens with moral, ethical and social values so as to fulfill their obligations to the nation and the society.

To promote research in the field of science, Humanities, Engineering, Technology and allied branches.

1.3 Our aims and objectives are focused on

Providing world class education in engineering, technology, applied science and management.

Keeping pace with the ever changing technological scenario to help our students to gain proper direction to emerge as competent professionals fully aware of their commitment to the society and nation.

To inculcate a flair for research,

development and entrepreneurship.

2. Admission

2.1. The admission policy and procedure

shall be decided from time to time by the

Board of Management (BOM) of the

Institute, following guidelines issued by

Ministry of Human Resource Development

(MHRD), Government of India. The number

of seats in each branch of the (M.TECH /

M.B.A. / M.C.A.) programme will be decided

by BOM as per the directives from Ministry

of Human Resource Development (MHRD),

Government of India and taking into account

the market demands. Some seats for Non

Resident Indians and a few seats for foreign

nationals shall be made available.

2.2. The selected candidates will be

admitted to the (M.TECH / M.B.A. / M.C.A.)

programme after he/she fulfills all the

admission requirements set by the Institute

and after payment of the prescribed fees.

2.3. Candidates for admission to the first

semester of the Master‟s Degree

Programme shall be required to have

passed an appropriate Degree Examination

recognized by Hindustan University.

2.4. In all matters relating to admission to

the (M.TECH /M.B.A. / M.C.A.).

Programme, the decision of the Institute and

its interpretation given by the Chancellor of

the Institute shall be final.

2.5. If at any time after admission, it is found

that a candidate has not fulfilled any of the

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requirements stipulated by the Institute, the

Institute may revoke the admission of the

candidate with information to the Academic

Council.

3. Structure of the programme

3.1. The programme of instruction will have the

following structure

i) Core courses of Engineering / Technology /

Management.

ii) Elective courses for specialization in

areas of student‟s choice.

3.2. The minimum durations of the

programmes are as given below:

Program No. of

Semesters

M.Tech.(Full-Time) 4

M.Tech.(Part -Time) 6

M.B.A. (Full - Time) 4

M.B.A. (Part - Time) 6

M.C.A.(Full - Time) 6

M.C.A.(Part -Time) 8

Every (M.TECH / M.B.A. / M.C.A.)

programme will have a curriculum and

syllabi for the courses approved by the

Academic Council.

3.3. Each course is normally assigned certain

number of credits. The following norms will

generally be followed in assigning credits

for courses.

One credit for each lecture hour per week per semester;

One credit for each tutorial hour per week per semester;

One credit for each laboratory practical (drawing) of three (two) hours per week per semester.

One credit for 4 weeks of industrial training and

One credit for 2 hours of project per week per semester.

3.4. For the award of degree, a student has to earn certain minimum total number of credits specified in the curriculum of the relevant branch of study. The curriculum of the different programs shall be so designed that the minimum prescribed credits required for the award of the degree shall be within the limits specified below.

Program

Minimum prescribed

credit range

M.Tech. (Full time / Part time)

75 - 85

M.B.A. (Full time / Part time) 85 - 95

M.C.A (Full time / Part time) 115 - 125

3.5. The medium of instruction, examination

and the language of the project reports will

be English.

4. Faculty Advisor

4.1. To help the students in planning their

courses of study and for getting general

advice on the academic programme, the

concerned Department will assign a certain

number of students to a Faculty member

who will be called their Faculty Advisor.

5. Class Committee

5.1 A Class Committee consisting of the

following will be constituted by the Head of

the Department for each class:

(i) A Chairman, who is not teaching the class.

(ii) All subject teachers of the class.

(iii) Two students nominated by the

department in consultation with the class.

The Class Committee will meet as often as necessary, but not less than three times during a semester.

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The functions of the Class Committee will include: (i) Addressing problems experienced by

students in the classroom and the laboratories.

(ii) Analyzing the performance of the

students of the class after each test and finding ways and means of addressing problems, if any.

(iii) During the meetings, the student members shall express the opinions and suggestions of the class students to improve the teaching / learning process.

6. Grading 6.1 A grading system as below will be adhered to.

6.2 GPA & CGPA

GPA is the ratio of the sum of the product of

the number of credits Ci of course “i “ and

the grade points Pi earned for that course

taken over all courses “i” registered by the

student to the sum of Ci for all “i ”. That is,

ii

iii

C

PC

GPA

CGPA will be calculated in a similar manner,

at any semester, considering all the courses

enrolled from first semester onwards.

6.3. For the students with letter grade I in

certain subjects, the same will not be included

in the computation of GPA and CGPA until

after those grades are converted to the

regular grades.

6.4 Raw marks will be moderated by a

moderation board appointed by the Vice

Chancellor of the University. The final marks

will be graded using an absolute grading

system. The Constitution and composition of

the moderation board will be dealt with

separately.

7. Registration and Enrollment

7.1 Except for the first semester, registration

and enrollment will be done in the beginning

of the semester as per the schedule

announced by the University.

7.2 A student will be eligible for enrollment

only if he/she satisfies regulation 10

(maximum duration of the programme) and

will be permitted to enroll if (i) he/she has

cleared all dues in the Institute, Hostel &

Library up to the end of the previous semester

and (ii) he/she is not debarred from

enrollment by a disciplinary action of the

University.

7.3. Students are required to submit

registration form duly filled in.

8. Registration requirement

Range of

Marks Letter Grade

Grade

points

95-100 S 10

85 - 94 A 09

75- 84 B 08

65-74 C 07

55-64 D 06

50-54 E 05

< 50 U 00

I (Incomplete) --

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8.1. (i) A Full time student shall not register

for less than 16 credits or more than 26

credits in any given semester.

8.1. (ii) A part time student shall not register

for less than 10 credits or more than 20

credits in any given semester.

8.2 If a student finds his/her load heavy in any

semester, or for any other valid reason,

he/she may withdraw from the courses within

three weeks of the commencement of the

semester with the written approval of his/her

Faculty Advisor and HOD. However the

student should ensure that the total number of

credits registered for in any semester should

enable him/her to earn the minimum number

of credits per semester for the completed

semesters.

9. Minimum requirement to continue the

programme

9.1. For those students who have not earned

the minimum required credit prescribed for

that particular semester examination, a

warning letter to the concerned student and

also to his parents regarding the shortage of

his credit will be sent by the HOD after the

announcement of the results of the university

examinations.

10. Maximum duration of the programme

The minimum and maximum period for the

completion of various programs are given

below.

Program

Min.

No. of

Semesters

Max.

No. of

Semesters

M.Tech

(Full - time) 4 8

M.Tech

(Part - time) 6 10

M.B.A. (Full Time) 4 8

M.B.A. (Part Time) 6 10

M.C.A.

(Full - Time) 6 12

M.C.A

(Part –Time) 8 14

11. Temporary discontinuation

11.1. A student may be permitted by the

Director(Academic) to discontinue

temporarily from the programme for a

semester or a longer period for reasons of ill

health or other valid reasons. Normally a

student will be permitted to discontinue from

the programme only for a maximum

duration of two semesters.

12. Discipline

12.1. Every student is required to observe

discipline and decorum both inside and outside

the campus and not to indulge in any activity

which will tend to bring down the prestige of

the University.

12.2. Any act of indiscipline of a student

reported to the Director(Academic) will be

referred to a Discipline Committee so

constituted. The Committee will enquire into

the charges and decide on suitable

punishment if the charges are substantiated.

The committee will also authorize the

Director(Academic) to recommend to the Vice -

Chancellor the implementation of the decision.

The student concerned may appeal to the Vice

Chancellor whose decision will be final. The

Director(Academic) will report the action taken

at the next meeting of the Council.

12.3. Ragging and harassment of women are

strictly prohibited in the University campus and

hostels.

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13. Attendance

13.1. A student whose attendance is less

than 75% is not eligible to appear for the

end semester examination for that

semester. The details of all students who

have attendance less than 75% will be

announced by the teacher in the class.

These details will be sent to the concerned

HODs and Dean.

13.2. Those who have less than 75%

attendance will be considered for condonation

of shortage of attendance. However a

condonation of 10% in attendance will be

given on medical reasons. Application for

condonation recommended by the Faculty

Advisor, concerned faculty member and the

HOD is to be submitted to the

Director(Academic) who, depending on the

merits of the case, may permit the student

to appear for the end semester examination.

A student will be eligible for this concession

at most in two semesters during the entire

degree programme. Application for medical

leave, supported by medical certificate with

endorsement by a Registered Medical

Officer, should reach the HOD within seven

days after returning from leave or, on or

before the last instructional day of the

semester, whichever is earlier.

13.3. As an incentive to those students who

are involved in extracurricular activities such

as representing the University in Sports and

Games, Cultural Festivals, and Technical

Festivals, NCC/ NSS events, a relaxation of

up to 10% attendance will be given subject

to the condition that these students take

prior approval from the officer –in-charge.

All such applications should be

recommended by the concerned HOD and

forwarded to Director(Academic) within

seven instructional days after the

programme/activity.

14. Assessment Procedure

14.1. The Academic Council will decide

from time to time the system of tests and

examinations in each subject in each

semester.

14.2. For each theory course, the

assessment will be done on a continuous

basis as follows:

Test / Exam Weightage

Duration

of Test /

Exam

First Periodical Test* 10% 2 Periods

Second Periodical

Test* 10% 2 Periods

Model exam 20% 3 hours

Seminar/

Assignments/Quiz 20%

End – semester

examination 50% 3 Hours

* Best out of the two tests will be

considered.

14.3. For practical courses, the assessment

will be done by the subject teachers as below:

(i) Weekly assignment/Observation note book /

lab records – weightage 60%.

(ii) End semester examination of 3 hours

duration including viva – weightage 40%.

15. Make up Examination/model

examination

15.1. Students who miss the end-semester

examinations / model examination for valid

reasons are eligible for make-up examination

/model examination. Those who miss the end-

semester examination / model examination

should apply to the Head of the Department

concerned within five days after he / she

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missed examination, giving reasons for

absence.

15.2 Permission to appear for make-up

examination / model exam will be given

under exceptional circumstances such as

admission to a hospital due to illness.

Students should produce a medical

certificate issued by a Registered Medical

Practitioner certifying that he/she was

admitted to hospital during the period of

examination / model exam and the same

should be duly endorsed by parent /

guardian and also by a medical officer of the

University within 5 days.

16. Project evaluation

16.1. For Project work, the assessment will

be done on a continuous basis as follows:

Review / Examination Weightage

First Review 10%

Second Review 20%

Third Review 20%

End semester Examination 50%

For end semester exam, the student will submit a Project Report in a format specified by the Director(Academic). The first three reviews will be conducted by a Committee constituted by the Head of the Department. The end – semester examination will be conducted by a Committee constituted by the Controller of Examinations. This will include an external expert.

17. Declaration of results

17.1 A candidate who secures not less than

50% of total marks prescribed for a course

with a minimum of 50% of the marks

prescribed for the end semester

examination shall be declared to have

passed the course and earned the specified

credits for the course.

17.2 After the valuation of the answer

scripts, the tabulated results are to be

scrutinized by the Result Passing Boards of

PG programmes constituted by the Vice-

Chancellor. The recommendations of the

Result Passing Boards will be placed before

the Standing Sub Committee of the

Academic Council constituted by the

Chancellor for scrutiny. The minutes of the

Standing Sub Committee along with the

results are to be placed before the Vice-

Chancellor for approval. After getting the

approval of the Vice-Chancellor, the results

will be published by the Controller of

Examination/Registrar.

17.3 If a candidate fails to secure a pass in

a course due to not satisfying the minimum

requirement in the end semester

examination, he/she shall register and re-

appear for the end semester examination

during the following semester. However,

the sessional marks secured by the

candidate will be retained for all such

attempts.

17.4 If a candidate fails to secure a pass in

a course due to insufficient sessional marks

though meeting the minimum requirements

of the end semester examination, wishes to

improve on his/her sessional marks, he/she

will have to register for the particular course

and attend the course with permission of the

HOD concerned and the Registrar. The

sessional and external marks obtained by

the candidate in this case will replace the

earlier result.

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17.5 A candidate can apply for the

revaluation of his/her end semester

examination answer paper in a theory

course within 2 weeks from the declaration

of the results, on payment of a prescribed

fee through proper application to the

Registrar/Controller of Examinations

through the Head of the Department. The

Registrar/ Controller of Examination will

arrange for the revaluation and the results

will be intimated to the candidate concerned

through the Head of the Department.

Revaluation is not permitted for practical

courses and for project work.

18. Grade Card

18.1. After results are declared, grade sheet

will be issued to each student, which will

contain the following details:

(i) Program and branch for which the student has enrolled.

(ii) Semester of registration. (iii) List of courses registered during the

semester and the grade scored. (iv) Semester Grade Point Average

(GPA) (v) Cumulative Grade Point Average

(CGPA).

19. Class / Division

19.1 Classification is based on CGPA and is

as follows:

CGPA≥8.0: First Class with distinction

6.5 ≤CGPA < 8.0: First Class

5.0 ≤CGPA < 6.5: Second Class.

19.2 (i) Further, the award of „First class

with distinction‟ is subject to the candidate

becoming eligible for the award of the

degree having passed the examination in

all the courses in his/her first appearance

within the minimum duration of the

programme.

(ii) The award of „First Class‟ is further

subject to the candidate becoming eligible

to the award of the degree having passed

the examination in all the courses within the

below mentioned duration of the

programme.

Program No. of

Semesters

M.Tech

(Full - time) 5

M.Tech

(Part - time) 7

M.B.A. (Full Time) 5

M.B.A. (Part Time) 7

M.C.A.

(Full - Time) 7

M.C.A

(Part –Time) 9

(iii) The period of authorized discontinuation

of the programme (vide clause 11.1) will not

be counted for the purpose of the above

classification.

20. Transfer of credits

20.1. Within the broad framework of these

regulations, the Academic Council, based

on the recommendation of the transfer of

credits committee so constituted by the

Chancellor may permit students to earn part

of the credit requirement in other approved

institutions of repute and status in the

country or abroad.

21. Eligibility for the award of (M.TECH /

M.B.A. / M.C.A.) Degree

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21.1. A student will be declared to be

eligible for the award of the (M.TECH /

M.B.A. / M.C.A.) Degree if he/she has

i) registered and successfully credited all

the core courses,

ii) successfully acquired the credits in the

different categories as specified in the

curriculum corresponding to the

discipline (branch) of his/her study

within the stipulated time,

iii) has no dues to all sections of the

Institute including Hostels, and

iv) has no disciplinary action pending

against him/her.

The award of the degree must be

recommended by the Academic Council and

approved by the Board of Management of

the University.

22. Power to modify

22.1. Notwithstanding all that has been

stated above, the Academic Council has the

right to modify any of the above regulations

from time to time subject to approval by the

Board of Management.

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M.Tech Photonics

Curriculum- Full Time Mode

Semester-I

S.

No

SUB

CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C TCH

1 PMA106 Advanced Applied Mathematics 3 1 0 4 4

2 PES101 Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 3 4

3 PCS105 Material Science and Engineering 3 1 0 4 4

4 PVL102 Digital CMOS Design 3 1 0 4 4

5 PCS106 Solid State Devices 3 1 0 4 4

6 PCS102 Advanced Radiation Systems 3 1 0 4 4

Total 24 24

Semester-II

S.

No

SUB

CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C TCH

1 PPN201 Nonlinear optical processes and

devices 3 1 0 4 4

2 PPN202 Integrated Optics 3 1 0 4 4 3 PPN203 Optical detection theory 3 1 0 4 4 4 PPN204 Optical Sensors 3 1 0 4 4 5 Elective-I 3 0 0 3 3

6 Elective-II 3 0 0 3 3

7 PPN205 Optical Communication Lab 0 0 3 2 3

Total 24 25

Semester-III

S.

No

SUB

CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C TCH

1 Elective-III 3 0 0 3 3

2 Elective-IV 3 0 0 3 3

3 Elective-V 3 0 0 3 3

4 PPN301 Project Work-Phase I 0 0 12 6 12

Total 15 21

Semester-IV

S.

No

SUB

CODE SUB TITLE L T P C TCH

1 PPN401 Project Work-Phase II 0 0 24 12 24

Total 12 24

Total Credit : 75

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List of Electives

S.

No

SUB

CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C TCH

1 PPN701 Laser Theory & Applications 3 0 0 3 3

2 PCS103 Optical Communication Networks 3 0 0 3 3

3 PPN703 Lasers in Measurements and Micro-

manufacturing

3 0 0 3 3

4 PPN704 Integrated Optoelectronic Devices and Circuits 3 0 0 3 3 5 PPN705 Coherent and Quantum Optics 3 0 0 3 3 6 PPN706 Advanced Optics 3 0 0 3 3 7 PPN707 Laser Applications 3 0 0 3 3

8 PPN708 Optical Signal Processing and Quantum

Computing

3 0 0 3 3

9 PPN709 Biomedical Laser Instrumentation 3 0 0 3 3 10 PPN710 Optoelectronics 3 0 0 3 3

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SEMESTER-I

ADVANCED APPLIED MATHEMATICS

L T P C

3 1 0 4

PMA106 ADVANCED APPLIED MATHEMATICS 4 Credits

Goal Develop the Mathematical skills to formulate certain practical problems, solve them and physically interpret the results

Objectives

Outcomes

The course should enable the student to

1. Understand the techniques to solve the system of equations using direct

method and indirect methods. Learns

to decompose the matrix in the LU

form and to find the Eigen value of a

matrix using power and Jacobi

methods.

2. Learn to classify the initial and boundary value problems.

Understands the D'Alemberts

solution of the one dimensional wave

equation. Learn significance of

characteristic curves.

3. Learn series solutions of Bessel‟s and Legendre equations. Understand

recurrence relation, generating

functions and orthogonal properties.

4. Learn basics of probability, addition and multiplication, Baye‟s theorems.

Understands the concept of random

variable, moment generating function

and their properties. Learn standard

distributions in discrete and

continuous cases

5. Learns the different Markovian

The students should be able to:

1. Able to write the algorithm for solving the simultaneous equations for direct and

indirect methods. Identifies the Eigen

values using conventional method and

compares with numerical solutions. Able

to write the algorithm to find the Eigen

values of a matrix.

2. Able to form the wave equations with initial conditions and solve them using

D'Alemberts solutions. Solves the wave

equations using Laplace transform for

displacements in long string – long string

under its weight and free and forced

vibrations.

3. Solves the Bessel‟s equation and Legendre equations. Using Bessel‟s

function solves many practical problems

that arise in electrical transmission

problems and vibration of membranes as

in loudspeakers.

4. Evaluates the probability using addition and multiplication theorem. Applies

Baye‟s for practical problems to find the

probability. Verifies whether a given

function is a probability mass or density

function. Applies the discrete and

continuous distributions for solving

practical problems. Evaluates the

moments of the distributions using

moment generating function.

5. Able to analyze and classify the models,

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models with finite and infinite

capacity and understands to classify

them.

M / M / 1, M / M / C, finite and infinite

capacity and solves practical problems

related to the queuing models.

UNIT I LINEAR ALGEBRAIC EQUATION AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS 12

System of Equations – Solution by Gauss Elimination and Gauss Jordan methods – LU

decomposition method – Indirect methods – Gauss Jacobi and Gauss Seidel methods – Eigen

values of a matrix using Jacobi and power methods.

UNIT II WAVE EQUATION 12

Solution of initial and boundary value problems - Characteristics - D'Alembert's solution -

Significance of characteristic curves - Laplace transform solutions for displacement in a long

string, in a long string under its weight - a bar with prescribed force on one end - Free vibrations

of a string.

UNIT III SPECIAL FUNCTIONS 12

Series solutions - Bessel's equation - Bessel functions - Legendre's equation - Legendre

polynomials - Rodrigue's formula - Recurrence relations - Generating functions and orthogonal

property for Bessel functions of the first kind - Legendre polynomials.

UNIT IVPROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLE 12

Discrete and Continuous random variables – Moments – Moment generating functions -

Standard distributions - Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Uniform, Normal

,Exponential, Gamma and Weibull distributions – Two dimensional random variables – Joint,

Marginal and Conditional distributions. Correlation and Regression.

UNIT V QUEUING THEORY 12

Markovian models – Birth and death queuing models – Steady state – Single and Multiple

servers – M/M/1 – Finite and infinite capacity – M/M/C – finite and infinite capacity.

TOTAL: 60

REFERENCES

1) Taha, H.A., “Operations Research - An Introduction ", Prentice Hall of India Ltd., 6th Edition, New Delhi, 1997.

2) Dr.Singaravelu A., Dr.Siva Subramanian S., and Dr.Ramachandran C., “Probability and Queuing Theory”, Meenakshi agency, 20

th edition, January 2013.

3) Veerarajan T., “Probability, Statistics and Random Processes”, Tata McGraw-Hill, second edition, 2004.

4) Grewal B.S., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Khanna Publishers, 34th edition. 5) Sankara Rao K., “Introduction to Partial Differential Equations”, PHI, 1995. 6) Veerarajan T., “Mathematics IV”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2000.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

L T P C

3 1 0 4

PES101 DIGITAL SIGNAL

PROCESSING

4 CREDITS

Prerequisite

Goal To introduce the Fundamental Concepts of different

signal processing techniques using Digital Processors

and various transforms and their utility in control

systems.

Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the

students to :

(1) Study the Concept of Signals and Systems and

their processing techniques.

(2) Study the Sampling and Quantization techniques and

to change the rate of

sampling.

(3) Study the Characteristics and various transform

analysis of LTI systems

(4) Study the design techniques of IIR and FIR filters.

(5) Study the fundamental concepts of real time Digital

Signal Processors.

At the end of the course the student should be able to:

(1) Understand the various types of Signals and Systems along with their properties.

(2) Understand the sampling and Reconstruction of Band limited and Band pass signals along-with

sampling rate conversion procedures.

(3) Understand the performance parameters of LTI system and various Transform techniques in

Frequency domain.

(4) Understand the structure and design techniques of IIR and FIR filters and their conversion

between domains.

(5) Know the various type of processors and programming concepts.

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UNIT I DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 9

Discrete time signal- Basic definition- Some elementary Discrete Time Signals-Representation

of signals-Discrete time systems- Basic operation sequences-linear systems-Time invariant

systems-Causal systems-Stable systems- Linear time invariant systems-Properties of LTI

systems- Linear Constant Coefficient Difference Equations-Fourier Transform Of Discrete Time

Signals - Z-Transform-Inverse Z-Transform

UNIT II SAMPLING OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS 9

Periodic Sampling-Reconstruction of Band Limited Signal from its samples- Sampling of Band

Pass signals-Sampling rate conversion-Decimation by decimation factors- Inter polarization by

an integer Factor-Sampling rate conversion by rational Factor-Sampling rate conversion of Band

pass signals-A/D Conversion- Quantization -Coding-D/A conversion.

UNIT III TRANSFORM ANALYSIS OF LTI SYSTEMS 9

Ideal filter characteristics-System function and frequency response of LTI systems-Stability and

Causality-All pass systems-Minimum phase systems-Discrete Fourier Transform-Relationship

between DFT and Fourier Transform of a Discrete Time Signal-Frequency analysis of signals

using DFT-Fast Fourier Transform.

UNIT IV DESIGN OF FILTERS 9

Block Diagram and signal flow graph representation- Basic structure of IIR Systems-Basic

Structure of FIR Systems-Design of FIR Filters -Design of FIR filter by windowing-Classical

continuous -Time Low Pass Filter Approximations-Conversion of transfer functions from

continuous to discrete Time frequency Transformations of Low Pass Filters.

UNIT V PRACTICAL DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS 9

Fundamentals of Fixed Point DSP architecture-Fixed Point representation of numbers-

Arithmetic computation- Memory accessing-Pipelining of instructions-Features of example

processors- Floating point DSPs-Floating point Representation of numbers- Comparison of

DSPs.

L = 45, T=15, TOTAL=60

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Oppenheim and RW Scaffer- Digital Signal Processing-PHI,2000

2. Proakis And Manolakis “Digital Signal Processing: principles, Algorithms and applications

“PHI,1992

REFERENCE:

1. Rabiner and Gold-Theory and Application of Digital Processing-PHI,1975.

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MATERIAL SCIENCE &ENGINEERING

L T P C

3 1 0 4

PCS105 MATERIAL SCIENCE

&ENGINEERING 4 CREDITS

Prerequisite -

Goal

Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the students to

1. Students get the knowledge of Engineering Materials, Basic

Structure, Properties and

Performance also, about bonding

structures

2. Students are exposed to detailed study on cubic and non-cubic

structures Polymorphism, Unit

Cell Geometry, Crystal

Directions, Planes, Diffraction,

Also exposure to Imperfection in

crystalline Materials, Order and

Disorder in Polymers, Solid

Solutions, in Ceramic and

Metallic Compounds and

Polymers.

3. Exposure to Conductivity and Energy Bands, Intrinsic &

Extrinsic Semiconductors, and

exposure to magnetic materials

properties, domain, ceramic

magnets, metallic magnets and

dia magnetism

4. Students study in detail about dielectric and optical ceramics

and polymer.

At the end of the course the student should be

able to:

1. Differentiate the materials based on structure, properties and performance and

bonding.

2. Awareness about cubic and non-cubic Polymorphism, Disorder in Metallic

Structures, Polymers and Solutions

3. Capable of analyzing depth of conduction in materials about magnetics

4. Knowledge about optical properties of dielectric materials, polarization, and

about the optical properties of ceramic

dielectric transparent materials, Light

Emitting Solids.

5. Students gain the knowledge about engineering materials under various

conditions, effect of corrosion and

control.

17

5. Exposure is given about Material Service Performance, Corrosion

and Control, Effect of

Temperatures and radiation

Unit :1

Introduction to Material Science and Engineering

Materials and Civilization, Materials and Engineering, Structure, Properties and Performance,

Types of Materials

Atomic Bonding and Co-ordination

Atoms, Ions, Molecules, Macromolecules (Polymers), Three-dimensional bonding, Interatomic

distances, Generalizations based on Atomic Bonding.

Unit :2

Crystals

Cubic & Non-Cubic Structures, Polymorphism, Unit Cell Geometry, Crystal Directions, Crystal

Planes, X-Ray Diffraction.

Disorder in Solid Phase

Imperfection, Non-crystalline Materials, Order and Disorder in Polymers, Solid Solutions, Solid

Solutions in Ceramic and Metallic Compounds, Solid Solutions in Polymers.

Unit :3

Conduction Materials

Charge Carriers Metallic Conductivity Energy Bands, Intrinsic & Extrinsic Semiconductors,

Semiconductor Processing.

Magnetic Properties of Ceramics and Metals

Magnetic Materials, Magnetic Domains Ceramic Magnets, Metallic Magnets, Dia Magnetism.

Unit :4

Dielectric and Optical Properties of Ceramics and Polymers

18

Dielectric Materials, Polarization Polymeric Dielectrics, Transparent Materials, Light Emitting

Solids.

Unit : 5

Performance of Materials in Service

Service Performance, Corrosion, Corrosion Control, Performance at High Temperatures,

Performance of Polymers. Performance of Ceramics at High Temperature, Radiation Damage

Text : 1. Lawrence H.Van Vlack Elements of Materials Science and Engineering, Addison –

Wesley Publishing Company (Latest Edition)

References:

1. B.D. Cullity, Introduction to Magnetic Material‟s, Addison Wesley Publishing Company 2. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering 3. L.H.Vanvleck, Materials for Engineers Concepts & Applications 4. OH. Wyahand D.Dew-Hugnes, Metals, Ceramics & Polymers Cambridge, Unit Press.

DIGITAL CMOS DESIGN

L T P C

3 1 0 4

PVL102 DIGITAL CMOS DESIGN 4 CREDITS

Prerequisite -

Goal The student will get to know the CMOS process

technology, CMOS Transistor theory and design

of combinational and sequential circuits using

CMOS and the basics of verilog programming

language.

Objectives Outcomes

19

The course should enable the students to

6. Study the concept of CMOS transistor theory and CMOS

process technology

7. Study the concept of CMOS inverter and the design of

combinational logic circuits ,

8. Study the concept of sequential circuits with timing issues,

clocking strategies and pipeline

techniques,

9. Study the concept of arithmetic building blocks,

10. Study the concept of Verilog HDL language.

At the end of the course the student should be able

to:

6. Understand the concept of CMOS transistor theory and CMOS process

technology,

7. Understand the concept of CMOS inverter and able to draw stick diagram for the

logic gates and design of combinational

logic circuits,

8. Understand the concept of sequential circuits with timing issues, clocking

strategies and pipeline techniques,

9. Understand the concept of arithmetic blocks and also able to design the

arithmetic blocks,

10. Understand the concept of verilog HDL language and able to write verilog code.

UNIT I MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGY 9

NMOS and PMOS transistors, Threshold voltage –Body effect- Design equations – Second order

effects, MOS models and small signal AC characteristics-Basic CMOS technology

UNIT II CMOS INVERTER AND COMBINATIONAL LOGIC 9

NMOS and CMOS inverters, Stick diagram, Propagation delay, Examples of combinational logic

design, Pass transistor logic – Power dissipation

UNIT III SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS 9

Static and Dynamic Latches and Registers, Timing Issues, Pipelines, Clocking strategies,

Synchronous and Asynchronous Design.

UNIT IV DESIGNING ARITHMETIC BUILDING BLOCKS 9

Datapath circuits, Architectures for Adders, Accumulators, Multipliers, Barrel Shifters, Memory

Architectures, and Memory control circuits

UNIT V VERILOG HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE 9

20

Overview of digital design with Verilog HDL, Hierarchical modeling concepts, Modules and

port definitions, Gate level modeling, Data flow modeling, Behavioral modeling, Task &

functions, Test Bench.

TOTAL:60

REFERENCES:

1. Jan Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, B Nikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective”. Second Edition, Feb 2003, Prentice Hall of India.

2. N.Weste, K. Eshraghian, “ Principles of CMOS VLSI Design”. Second Edition, 1993 Addision Wesley,

3. M J Smith, “Application Specific Integrated Circuits”, Addisson Wesley, 1997 4. Samir Palnitkar, “Verilog HDL”, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2004. 5. Eugene D.Fabricius, “Introduction to VLSI Design”, McGraw Hill International

Editions, 1990.

6. Pucknell, “Basic VLSI Design”, Prentice Hall of India Publication, 1995.

SOLID STATE DEVICES

L T P C

3 1 0 4

PCS106 SOLID STATE DEVICES

4 CREDITS

Goal The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the principle of

operation, capabilities and limitation of various electron devices so that he will

be able to use these devices effectively.

Objectives

Outcomes

21

The course should enable the student to

1. Learn about motion of charge in electric and microtic field effect of

force and moving charge calculation

of cyclotron frequency, electro static

magnetic deflection sensitivity, Fermi

- Dirac probability distribution

function, thermal generation intrinsic

semiconductors, mass action law

2. Learn Energy band structure of materials, Electrical neutrality,

calculation of fermi level – hole –

electron, mobility drift current,

conductivity diffusion current Hall

effect, band structure of PN Junction,

temperature depend in characteristics.

3. Learn Calculation of transition and diffusion capacitance, characteristics

of varactor diode, avalanche and zener

breakdown, effect of temperature and

breakdown, Effect of light and

tunneling effect.

4. Learn junction transistors, current components, gain-with modulation

Breakdown characteristics, Ebers–

Moll model, Transistor switching

times. Characteristics of JFET, pinch

off voltage and drain current

MOSFETs

5. Learn charectersistics of ohmic contacts, semiconductor powercontrol

devices such as UJT, SCR Triac and

Diac.

The students should be able to:

6. Calibrate force and motion of a charge in electric and magnetic fields, carrier

densities in intrinsic and extrinsic

semiconductor, implementing mass action

law.

7. Apply law of electrical neutrality calculation of location of Fermi level and

hole densities in extrinsic semiconductors

as well as mobility, drift current, diffusion

current, use of continuity equation and

hall effect, evaluate the conduction of PN

Junction as a function of temperature.

8. Evaluate the characteristics of given diode for application

9. Analyze the characteristics of given transistor, at critical voltage and current

values as required by the applications.

10. Evaluate ohmic contact characteristics, power control device characteristics and

application

UNIT I ELECTRON BALLISTICS AND INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS 9

Force on charge in electric field – Motion of Charge in uniform and time varying electric fields –

Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field – calculation of cyclotron frequency – calculation

of electrostatic and magnetic deflection sensitivity.

Energy band structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators – Density distribution of

available energy states in semiconductors – Fermi- Dirac probability distribution function at

different temperatures – Thermal generation of carriers – Calculation of electron and hole

densities in intrinsic semiconductors – Intrinsic concentration – Mass Action Law.

UNIT II EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR AND PN JUNCTIONS 9

N and P type semiconductors and their energy band structures – Law of electrical neutrality –

Calculation of location of Fermi level and free electron and hole densities in extrinsic

22

semiconductors – Mobility, drift current and conductivity – Diffusion current – Continuity

equation - Hall effect.

Band structure of PN Junction – Current Component in a PN Junction – Derivation of diode

equation – Temperature dependence of diode characteristics.

UNIT III SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF PN JUNCTION AND SPECIAL

DIODES 9 Calculation of transition and diffusion capacitance – Varactor diode – charge control description

of diode – switching characteristics of diode – Mechanism of avalanche and Zener breakdown –

Temperature dependence of breakdown voltages – Backward diode – Tunneling effect in thin

barriers Tunnel diode – Photo diode – Light emitting diodes.

UNIT IV BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS AND FIELD EFFECT

TRANSISTORS 9

Construction of PNP and NPN transistors – BJT current components – Emitter to collector and

base to collector current gains – Base width modulation CB and CE characteristics – Breakdown

characteristics – Ebers – Moll model – Transistor switching times.

Construction and Characteristics of JFET – Relation between Pinch off Voltage and drain current

– Derivation. MOSFET – Enhancement and depletion types.

UNIT V METAL SEMICONDUCTOR CONTACTS AND POWER CONTROL

DEVICES 9

Metal Semiconductor Contacts - Energy band diagram of metal semiconductor junction Schottky

diode and ohmic contacts.

Power control devices: Characteristics and equivalent circuit of UJT - intrinsic stand off ratio.

PNPN diode – Two transistor model, SCR, Triac, Diac.

L = 45, TOTAL = 45

TEXT BOOK

Jacob Millman & Christos C.Halkias, “Electronic Devices and Circuits” Tata McGraw–Hill,

1991 .

REFERENCES

1. Nandita Das Gupta and Amitava Das Gupta, Semiconductor Devices – Modeling 2. and Technology, Prentice Hall of India, 2004. 3. Donald A.Neaman,” Semiconductor Physics and Devices” 3rd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill,

2002.

4. S.Salivahanan, N.Sureshkumar and A.Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits, TMH, 1998.

5. S.M.Sze, Semiconductor Devices – Physics and Technology, 2nd edn. John Wiley, 2002. 6. Ben G.Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Pearson

Education 2000.

23

ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS

L T P C

3 1 0 4

PCS102 ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS 4 CREDITS

Prerequisite Antennas & Propagation

Goal To make the student knowledge be in various types of antennas used in

communication

Objectives Outcomes

24

The course should enable the students to:

„

1. Review the fundamentals of E.M. radiation

2. Reason for using arrays types and advantages

3. Discuss the operative types of Antennas

4. Have knowledge about micro strip antennas and their advantages.

5. Discuss and appreciate polarization as related to antennas and exploit it.

At the end of the course the students

:

1.Must become familiar with fundamental

and specifications for antennas

2. Must become knowledgeable for reasons

for going for arrays and their advantages &

disadvantages.

3. Should have knowledge of several aperture

type antennas and their advantages.

4. Understand the various micro strip

antennas and typical uses for them.

5. Familiar with polarization and its

utilization in increasing bandwidth.

UNIT I CONCEPTS OF RADIATION 9

Retarded vector potentials – Heuristic approach and Maxwell‟s equation approach. The Lorentz

gauge condition. Vector potential in Phasor form. Fields radiated by an alternating current

element. Total power radiated and radiation resistance. Radiation from Half wave dipole from

assumed current distribution. Power radiated in the farfield. Electric vector potential F for a

magnetic current source M. Far zone fields due to magnetic source M.

UNIT II ANTENNA ARRAYS 9

N element linear arrays – uniform amplitude and spacing. Phased arrays. Directivity of

Broadside and End fire arrays. Three dimensional characteristics. Binomial arrays and Dolph-

Tchebycheff arrays. Circular array. Antenna Synthesis- Line source and discretization of

continuous sources. Schelkunoff polynomial method. Fourier transform method.

UNIT III APERTURE ANTENNAS 9

Magnetic current – Duality. Electric and Magnetic current sheets as sources. Huyghens source.

Radiation through an aperture in an absorbing screen. Fraunhoffer and Fresnel diffraction. Cornu

Spiral. Complimentary screens and slot antennas. Slot and dipoles as dual antennas. Babinets

principle. Fourier transform in aperture antenna theory.

UNIT IV HORN, MICROSTRIP, REFLECTOR ANTENNAS 9

E and H plane sectoral Horns. Pyramidal horns. Conical and corrugated Horns. Multimode

horns. Phase center. Microstrip antennas – feeding methods. Rectangular patch- Transmission

line model Parabolic Reflector antennas – Prime focus and cassegrain reflectors. Equivalent

focal length of Cassegrain antennas. Spillover and taper efficiencies. Optimum illumination.

UNIT V ANTENNA POLARIZATION 9

Simple relationship involving spherical triangles. Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization.

Development of the Poincare sphere. Representation of the state of polarization in the Poincare

sphere. Random polarization – Stokes parameters.

L=45, T=15, TOTAL= 60

TEXT BOOKS:

25

1. Balanis, C.A., “Antenna Theory” Wiley, 2003

2. Jordan, E.C., “Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems”. PHI 2003

REFERENCES:

1. Krauss, J.D., “Radio Astronomy” McGraw-Hill 1966, (UNIT V)

2. Krauss, J.D.,, Fleisch, D.A., “Electromagnetics” McGraw-Hill,1999

PPN201-Nonlinear Optical Processes and Devices

L T P C

3 1 0 4

AIM

To study nonlinear optical devices and processes

Objectives

26

To provide theoretical background to understand and predict a host of optical nonlinear

phenomena

To bridge the gap between usual optics and the modern applications of optics in spectroscopy and

photonics

UNIT-I Introduction to Nonlinear processes and devices

Interaction of light with matter, optical wave propagation in material media, effects of nonlinearity -

coupling of waves, qualitative description of intensity dependent refraction and absorption, revision of

main ideas in linear optics especially anisotropic media and dispersion effects on propagation of a wave

packet.

UNIT-II Non-linear Optical Response of a Medium

Steady state response functions and susceptibility tensors and their quantum mechanical expressions,

symmetry, examples of physical processes represented by a given susceptibility tensor

UNIT-III Second and Third Order Nonlinear Optical Processes

Generation of second harmonic and sum and difference frequency, parametric amplification, phase

matching, Maker fringes, quasi-phase matching and periodically poled crystals, optical parametric

oscillator.

Intensity dependent refraction and absorption, self-focusing, Four wave frequency mixing processes

including degenerate four wave mixing and optical phase conjugation, optical Kerr Effect and its

applications in ultra-short pulse generation and characterization, stimulated Raman and Brillouin

scattering, nonlinear spectroscopy methods and their applications.

UNIT-IV Non-Linear Optical Effects in Fibers

Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering as loss, soliton propagation in optical fibers, supercontinuum

generation and its applications. Non linear effects in Photonic crystal fiber (PCF)

UNIT-V Extreme Non-linear Optics

Ultra intense laser interaction with atomic systems, above threshold ionization, introduction to laser

plasma interaction, higher harmonic generation.

References:

1. R.W.Boyd, “Nonlinear Optics”, third edition, Academic, (2008).

2. N. Bloembergen, “Nonlinear Optics”, 4th edition, World Scientific (1996).

3. G. P.Agarwal, “Nonlinear Fiber Optics”, 4th edition, Academic (2007).

4. R. L. Sutherland, “Handbook of Nonlinear Optics”, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker (2003).

5. Y. R.Shen, “Principles of Nonlinear Optics”, Wiley (1984).

6. M.Wegner, “Extreme nonlinear optics”, Springer (2005).

27

L=45, T=15, TOTAL=60

PPN202-Integrated Optics

L T P C

3 1 0 4

AIM

To study OIC‟s, materials and fabrication technology

28

Objectives

To study photonic integrated circuits in detail

To develop an understanding on materials and fabrication technology for OIC

Study the fundamentals of micro and nano phtonics

UNIT-I Introduction to Photonic Integrated Circuits

Analysis of optical waveguides and devices. Planar waveguides, chanel waveguides, graded index

,waveguides, coupled mode theory, variational method, beam propagation method

UNIT-II Materials and fabrication Technology

General fabrication steps, Photolithography, Ti: LiNbO3 process, Proton exchange process, Silicon based

IC process, Compound semicondutor process, Solgel and other processes.

UNIT-III Dynamic and active Devices

Electro-optic devices, Acousto-optic devices, Thermo-optic and magneto-optic device, integrated optical

amplifiers. Applications to communication, sensors, optical computing.

UNIT-IV Optical Integrated Circuits OIC’s

Non-linear integrated circuits, optoelectronic integrated circuits, silicon based PIC‟s

UNIT-V Micro and Nanophotonics

Nanophotonic structures, MOEMS, biophotonic applications, recent developments in PIC‟s

References:

1. C R Pollock and M Lipson: Integrated photonics, Kluwer Pub, 2003.

2. T Tamir, Guided wave opto-electronics, Springer Verilag, 1990.

L=45, T=15, TOTAL=60

PPN203-Optical Radiation & Detection Theory

L T P C

3 1 0 4

AIM

To develop an in-depth knowledge on various optical detection techniques

Objectives

29

To Study the mathematical models of turbulence

Study signal and noise analysis in optical detection

To study single and multi-pulse detection principles

UNIT-I Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Review of statistical methods, stationary and ergodic systems, Matched filter theory. Decision making

processes, optical Detction techniques

UNIT-II Signal and Noise Analysis

Diffraction theory, Free Space propagation, Fourier optics and the array theorem. Analysis of coherent

detection systems, Analysis of Direct detection systems.

UNIT-III Random Processes in Beam Propagation

Surface scattering, Integrated speckle intensity, speckle correlation diameter. Propagation thorugh

turbulent media- weak turbulence theory, MCF, Aperture averaging in direct detection systems, beam

wander. Strong turbulence theory

UNIT-IV Single Pulse Detection Statistics

Single point statistics of fully developed speckle. Poisson signal in Poisson noise, Detection of signals in

APD excess noise, Detection in atmospheric turbulence

UNIT-V Multi Pulse Detection

Direct detection systems, Poisson signal in Poisson noise, Coherent detection systems, Swerling case 0

model, Swerling case 1 Model, Swerling case II model.

References:

1. Gregory Roche, “ Optical detection theory for laser applications” Wiley Interscience, Wiley

Series in Pure and Applied Optics, 1st Edition, 2002.

2. Larry C. Andrews, Ronald L. Phillips “ Laser beam Propagation through random media”, SPIE

Press, 2005

L=45, T=15, TOTAL=60

PPN204-Optical Sensors

L T P C

3 1 0 4

AIM

Develop an understanding of optical fiber sensors

Objectives

30

To study the fundamentals of optical sensors

To study Fabry-perot sensors

To study polarimetric sensors

Study various applications of optical fiber sensors

UNIT-I Introduction to fibre sensors

Fiber Bragg gratings, long period gratings and their applications. FBG and LPG multiplexing techniques.

Interferrometric fiber optic sensors- Mach-Zender and Michelson Interferometers.

UNIT-II Fabry-Perot Interferometer Sensors

Fabry-Perot Interferometer -theory and sensor configurations. Optimal interrogation methods and

multiplexing techniques. Embedded sensors.

UNIT-III Polarimetric Sensors

Polarization, Jones Matrix calculations, Birefrigent Optical fiber, Polarimetric sensors, Temperature

sensing, Coherence, Impact detection. Optical current measurement, Optical vltage sensor, Optical

network instability diagnosis.

UNIT-IV Interrogation Techniques

Passive detection schemes- The use of linearly dependent devices, Power detection, CCD spectrometer

interrogator. Active detection schemes – Acousto optic tunable filter interrogator, matched fiber Bragg

grating pair interrogator. Michelson Interferometer interrogator.

UNIT-V Applications of Fiber Optic Sensors

Applications to large composite and concrete structures- Mines, Dams, Aircraft etc. Applications to

electric power industry- load monitoring of power transmission lines, winding temperature measurement,

electric current measurement. Applications to medicine- Temperature, ultrasound. Chemical sensing.

Applications to oil and gas industry.

References:

1. Shizhuo Yin, Paul B Ruffin, Francis T. S. Yu “ Fiber Optic Sensors”, CRC Press, Taylor &

Francis group, 2nd

edition, 2008

2. Wojtek J Bock, Israel Gannot, Stoyan Tanev “ Optical waveguide sensing and Imaging, Springer,

2006

L=45, T=15, TOTAL=60

PPN205-Optical Communication Lab

L T P C

0 0 3 1

AIM

To become familiar with basics of optical communication and optical links and to develop an in depth

knowledge on various optical communication techniques and their performance analysis

31

Objectives

To Set up optical links, both analog and digital

To study the characteristics of optical sources

To perform the BER analysis of various coding techniques

To study digital modulation techniques employed in optical communication

Study OCDA and OTDM

To study DWDM, CWDM and Raman amplifiers

List of Experiments:

1. Setting up of fiber optic analog link & digital link

2. Measurement of optical power in different type of fibers

3. Characteristics of optical sources – LED,LASER

4. Measurement of eye pattern and bit error rate

5. Study of Manchester coding and decoding

6. Optical detector characteristics

7. Measurement of numerical aperture (NA) of optical fiber, axial separation and angular miss-

alignment loss of plastic optical fibers.

8. Performance analysis of coherent optical communication systems, PM-QPSK, PM-BPSKPM-

QAM.

9. Optical code division multiple access (OCDA) and OTDM.

10. Simulation of passive optical networks (PON)

11. DWDM system with EDFA amplifier

12. CWDM system with EDFA, Raman amplifiers

References:

1. Gerd Keiser, “ Optical Fiber Communications”, McGraw Hill Higher education, 4th edition, 2010

2. John M Senior, “ Optical Fiber Communications”, Pearson education, 3rd edition, 2011

3. Gerd Keiser, “ Optical Fiber Communications”, McGraw Hill giher education, 4th edition, 2010

4. John M Senior, “ Optical Fiber Communications”, Pearson education, 3rd edition, 2011

Total = 45

SEMESTER III

PROJECT WORK (PHASE I)

L T P C

0 0 12 6

PPN301 PROJECT WORK(PHASE I) 6 CREDITS

Prerequisite

32

Goal To develop the student‟s skills and enable innovation in design and

fabrication work from the theoretical and practical skill acquired from the

previous semesters.

Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the students to:

1. Select and work on real life application in the field of Electronics

& Communication,

2. Implement their skills acquired in the previous semesters to practical

problems,

3. Apply and enhance the knowledge acquired in the related field,

4. Make the students come up with new ideas in their area of interest.

At the end of the course the student should be

able to:

1. Appreciate various aspects of the curriculum which support students in

increasing their mastery,

2. Get an idea and develop confidence in designing, analyzing and executing

the project,

3. Develop knowledge of latest trends in fabrication and relate their ideas to

industrial applications,

4. Have complete understanding of making a product.

NOTE:

The objective of the project work is to enable the students on a project involving theoretical

and experimental studies related to the branch of study. Every project work shall have a guide

who is the member of the faculty of the institution. Twelve hours per week shall be allotted in

the time table and this time shall be utilized by the students to receive the directions from the

guide, on library reading, laboratory work, computer analysis or field work as assigned by the

guide and also to present in periodical seminars on the progress made in the project.

Each student will be assigned any one of the following types of project/thesis work:

(a) Industrial case study

(b) Preparation of a feasibility report

(c) Thesis by experimental research, and

(d) Design and development of equipment.

Each report must contain student's own analysis or design presented in the approved format.

Sessional marks will include

(a) Evaluation of the student's progress,

(b) Degree of involvement and participation,

(c) Merit of the project.

A student will have to defend his/her project/thesis and credit will be given on the merits of

presentation and viva-voce examination.

SEMESTER IV

PROJECT WORK (PHASE II)

L T P C

0 0 24 12

PPN401 PROJECT WORK(PHASE II) 12 CREDITS

Prerequisite

33

Goal To develop the student‟s skills and enable innovation in design and

fabrication work from the theoretical and practical skill acquired from the

previous semesters.

Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the students to:

1. Select and work on real life application in the field of Electronics

& Communication,

2. Implement their skills acquired in the previous semesters to practical

problems,

3. Apply and enhance the knowledge acquired in the related field,

4. Make the students come up with new ideas in his area of interest.

At the end of the course the student should be

able to:

1. Appreciate various aspects of the curriculum which support students in

increasing their mastery,

2. Get an idea and develop confidence in designing, analyzing and executing

the project,

3. Develop knowledge of latest trends in fabrication relate their ideas to

industrial applications,

4. Have complete understanding of making a product.

NOTE:

The objective of the project work is to enable the students on a project involving theoretical

and experimental studies related to the branch of study. Every project work shall have a guide

who is the member of the faculty of the institution. Twenty four hours per week shall be

allotted in the time table and this time shall be utilized by the students to receive the directions

from the guide, on library reading, laboratory work, computer analysis or field work as assigned

by the guide and also to present in periodical seminars on the progress made in the project.

Each student will be assigned any one of the following types of project/thesis work:

(a) Industrial case study

(b) Preparation of a feasibility report

(c) Thesis by experimental research, and

(d) Design and development of equipment.

Each report must contain student's own analysis or design presented in the approved format.

Sessional marks will include

(a) Evaluation of the student's progress,

(b) Degree of involvement and participation,

(c) Merit of the project.

A student will have to defend his/her project/thesis and credit will be given on the merits of

presentation and viva-voce examination.

LIST OF ELECTIVE

PPN701-LASER THEORY & APPLICATIONS

L T P C

34

3 0 0 3

Aims:

To give a comprehensive overview of laser theory, laser engineering, types of laser and associated equipment, with an emphasis on practical system design and applications of lasers.

To examine techniques for characterisation, measurement and control of laser output.

To illustrate the state of the art of laser technology via applications of lasers in industry and research.

OBJECTIVES

On completion successful students will be able to:

Describe quantitatively the characteristics of light from pulsed and c.w lasers.

Explain quantitatively how such characteristics are produced, measured and controlled by laser engineering.

Demonstrate an appreciation of the current state of the art in laser physics and applications.

Synthesise a variety of relevant theoretical elements in order to solve practical problems in laser system design.

UNIT-I Introduction to LASER 9

Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission; Einstein A and B coefficients; optical gain and

population inversion; feedback and cavities; line broadening; electric oscillator model of transitions. The

laser rate equations; gain switching; Q-switching; mode locking, passive and active.

UNIT-II Detection and Tuning of LASERs 9

Advanced Detection Methods- Grating-based spectrometers; etalon spectrometers; auto-correlators,

Tuning a laser -Factors affecting line centre and linewidth; mode competition; tuning techniques: prisms,

gratings, birefringent filters

UNIT-III Single mode operation and Nn-TEM beams 9

Intra-cavity etalons; interferometric cavities; the 'twisted mode' cavity; pulsed systems; cavity seeding ,

Non-TEM beams, Revision of Gaussian beam propagation and Hermite-Gauss beams; Laguerre-Gaussian

beams; Bessel beams

UNIT-IV Frequency conversion 9 Nonlinear susceptibilities; the wave equation in nonlinear optics; second harmonic generation; phase-

matching; effective nonlinear coefficient; intra-cavity second harmonic generation; optical parametric

oscillators (OPOs); walk-off; nonlinear materials'; OPO designs

UN IT-V Advanced Laser Systems 9

Oscillator-amplifier systems; regenerative amplification; example application of advanced laser systems

References

35

Davis, C. Lasers and Electro-Optics, Cambridge University Press

Saleh & Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley Interscience, 2nd edition, 2007

Koechner,W. Solid-State Laser Engineering, Springer, 2006

Svelto, O. Principles of Lasers, Springer, 1998

Siegman, A. Lasers, University Science Books, 1986

Wilson & Hawkes, Optoelectronics, Pearson education limited, 3rd edition, 1998

L=45,T=0, TOTAL=45

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

L T P C

3 0 0 3

PCS103 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 3 CREDITS

Prerequisite Fundamentals of optical communication and computer networking

36

Goal The goal of the programme is to study the Optical network components for

Optical Network communication, study various Network architecture and

topologies for optical networks and to study the issues in the network design and

operation for wavelength routing in optical networks.

Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the students to:

1. Understand the evolution of optical networks, first and second generation

and various developments over the

years, and various optical networking

components

2. Develop an in-depth knowledge on TDM signals, Layers, Framing,

Transport overhead, Alarms,

Multiplexing, Network elements,

Topologies, Protection architectures

and Network Management.

3. Understand various broadcast and select networks. How the medium is

to effectively share through various

protocols.

4. Understand the bottlenecks in network design and wavelength

assignment.

5. Study various high capacity optical networks and TDM techniques in

optical domain.

At the end of the course the student should be

able to:

1. Have a good knowledge on first- and second-generation optical networks.

Learn the operation of couplers, isolators,

circulators, multiplexers and filters and

optical amplifiers. Understand various

optical switching mechanisms and

wavelength converters.

2. Solve various networking problems and to understand the concept of network

management.

3. Understand single-hop, multi-hop and shufflenet networks and media access

protocols.

4. Learn techniques for effective wavelength assignment with existing efforts as

examples.

5. Develop clear understand on high capacity optical networks and techniques

to realize the same.

UNIT I OPTICAL NETWORKING COMPONENTS 12

First- and second-generation optical networks, Components: couplers, isolators, circulators,

multiplexers, filters, amplifiers, switches and wavelength converters.

UNIT II SONET AND SDH NETWORKS 12

Integration of TDM signals, Layers, Framing, Transport overhead, Alarms, Multiplexing,

Network elements, Topologies, Protection architectures, Ring architectures, Network

Management.

UNIT III BROADCAST – AND- SELECT NETWORKS 12

37

Topologies, Single-hop, Multihop, and Shufflenet multihop networks, Media-Access

controlprotocols, Test beds.

UNIT IV WAVELENGTH-ROUTING NETWORKS 12

Node designs, Issues in Network design and operation, Optical layer cost Tradeoffs, Routingand

Wavelength assignment, Wavelength routing test beds.

UNIT V HIGH CAPACITY NETWORKS 12

SDM, TDM, and WDM approaches, Application areas, Optical TDM Networks:

Multiplexingand demultiplexing, Synchronization, Broadcast networks, Switch-based networks,

OTDM testbeds.

TOTAL= 60

TEXT BOOK:

1. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A practical perspective, MorganKaufmann, 1st edition, 2001.

REFERENCES:

1. Vivek Alwayn, Optical Network Design and Implementation, Pearson Education, 2004.

2. Hussein T.Mouftab and Pin-Han Ho, Optical Networks: Architecture and Survivability,

KluwerAcademic Publishers, 2002.

3. Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical Communication Networks, McGraw Hill, 1997

LASERS IN MEASUREMENTS AND MICRO-MANUFACTURING

PPN703-LASERS IN MEASUREMENTS AND MICRO-MANUFACTURING

Goal To study and understand lasers and micromachining using lasers

Objectives Outcome

38

The course should enable the student to

1. To know the basics of fundamentals of LASER

2. To understand interaction of light with matter

3. To learn the fundamentals of laser micro manufacturing

4. To understand micromachining process 5. To study the MEMS technology

At the end of the course the student should be able to

1. Explain lasers and various kinds of LASERs 2. Understand various laser measurement systems 3. Analyze mechanism error calculation 4. Write steps for micromachining 5. To Explain MEMS technology

UNIT -I INTRODUCTION TO LASERS

Introduction: Basic principles of laser operation, control of laser oscillators; some specific lasers: gaseous,

liquid, solid-state, semiconductor; different pumping schemes; continuous-wave and pulsed lasers; laser

beam characteristics

UNIT-II INTERACTION OF LASERS WITH MATERIALS

Principle of laser-aided measurement techniques: laser telemetry, light detection and ranging techniques,

laser-aided diagnostics; optical fiber based sensing; laser systems for various sensing applications; recent

advances in sensing, and electro-optic applications

UNIT-III LASER TECHNOLOGY IN MICROMANUFACTURING

Properties of Laser light, Absorption and reflection of light, soft geometrical error compensation methods

using laser interferometer, overview of geometrical error calibration, compensation schemes, parametrical

model, experimental results.

UNIT-IV MICROMACHINING

Introduction, Photolithography, Surface micromachining, characterizing the process, isolation layer,

sacrificial layer, selective etching, Properties, Adhesion, Stress, stiction, Wafer bonding, anodic bonding,

fusion bonding

UNIT-V MEMS FABRICATION

Conventional MEMS fabrication using VLSI technology: lithography, chemical etching: isotropic and

anisotropic, Plasma etching, reactive ion etching (RIE), oxidation, chemical vapour deposition (CVD),

LPCVD, PECVD, surface micromachining, LIGA, single layer and higher layer fabrication. Non-

conventional MEMS fabrication: laser micromachining and welding, processing of metals and nonmetals

with laser, Electro Discharge and Electro Chemical micromachining (EDM and ECM),

Microstereolithography: scanning process, dynamic mask process. Electronic

Packaging

REFERENCES

1. N. P Mahalik, “Micromanufacturing and nanotechnology”, Springer 2006 2. Nadim Maluf, "An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering," Artech House, Boston,

2000

INTEGRATED OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

PPN704- INTEGRATED OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Prerequisite Optical communications, Electromagnetic theory,

Differential equations, Solid state devices and circuits,

VLSI technology

Goal To study photonic integrated circuits and devices

39

Objective

The objective of the course is to

1. Study various methods of waveguide analysis

2. Learn various steps in chip fabrication technology

3. Study various optical devices -active devices

4. Study different applications of OIC 5. Study photonic integrated circuits and

MEMS technology

Outcome

The course will enable the student to

1. Solve differential equations governing wave propagation thorough waveguides

2. Explain various fabrication techniques 3. Identify various optical active devices employed

in circuits

4. Explain the applications of optical integrated circuits

5. Explain different technology in OIC‟s

UNIT-I ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES DEVICES

Planar waveguides, channel waveguides, graded index waveguides, coupled mode theory, variational

method, beam propagation method.

UNIT-II MATERIALS AND FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY

Materials, general fabrication steps, photolithography, proton exchange process, silicon based IC process,

Solgel and other processes

UNIT-III DYNAMIC AND ACTIVE DEVICES

Electro-optic devices, Acousto-optic devices, thermo optic and magneto optic devices, integrated optical

amplifiers

UNIT-IV APPLICATIONS OF OIC

Optical communications, fiber optic sensors, optical signal processing, optical compting

UNIT-V INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Nonlinear integrated circuits, optoelectronic integrated circuits, silicon based photonic integrated circuits,

nano photonic structures, MEMS, Bio photonic applications

REFERENCES:

1. C R Pollock and M Lipson: Integrated photonics, Kluwer Pub, 2003. 2. T Tamir, Guided wave opto-electronics, Springer Verlag, 1990.

COHERENT AND QUANTUM OPTICS

L T P C

3 0 0 3

PPN705

COHERENT AND QUANTUM

OPTICS

40

Prerequisite Random Process

Goal To develop the theoretical tools necessary to analyse quantum

optical problems

Objectives Outcome

The course should enable the student to

1 To know fundamentals of quantum optics

2 To understand different phenomena related to quantum optical

resonance

3 To learn the principle light through classical approach

4 To understand the theory of dissipation

5 To study the open quantum systems

At the end of the course the student should be able to

1 To enable the student to understand the Hillbert space operators,Two- level systems and harmonic oscillators

2 Study Pseudo-spin formulation, Rabi flopping, Density matrix formulation, Phenomenological damping

3 Analyze Photon counting statistics, Theory of partial coherence in detail

4 The student will know Born-Markov approximation and Heisenberg formulation - Langevin equations.

5 Understanding formal theory of the density operators and Quantum trajectories

UNIT-I FUNDAMENTALS OF QUANTUM OPTICS

Review of Quantum Mechanics: Hilbert space, operators, states, time evolution, B. Two level systems -

Pauli algebra, Bloch-sphere, magnetic resonance, C. Simple Harmonic Oscillator.

UNIT-II QUANTUM OPTICAL RESONANCE

Atom-photon interaction in electric dipole approximation, Pseudo-spin formulation, Rabi flopping,

Density matrix formulation, Phenomenological damping - master equation and rate equations.

UNIT-III NON CLASSICAL LIGHT

Photon counting statistics -- Mandel's formula, Coherent states as quasi-classical states, Phase space

methods - Quasiprobability distributions, P,Q, Wigner functions, Squeezed states.

Theory of partial coherence -- Glauber's correlation functions, Photon antibunching and resonance

fluorescence, Jaynes-Cummings model -- Dressed states, collapse and revival.

UNIT-IV THEORY OF DISSIPATION

System reservoir interaction,Derivation of the Linblad master equation in the Born-Markov

approximation, Damped two-level atom and simple harmonic oscillators, Heisenberg formulation -

Langevin equations.

41

UNIT-V OPEN QUANTUM SYSTEMS

Formal theory of the density operators, Quantum trajectories -- Unraveling the master equation,

Measurement theory and decoherence.

References:

1. Cohen-Tannoudji, “Atom-Photon interactions" Wiley Intersscience, 2nd edition, 1998

2. Scully and Zubairy, "Quantum Optics", Cambridge University Press, 1997

3. Walls and Milburn "Quantum Optics", Springer, 2nd edition, 2008

4. Gerry, Christopher C., and Peter L. Knight. Introductory Quantum Optics. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780521527354.

5. Loudon, Rodney. The Quantum Theory of Light. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 1973.

6. Louisell, William H. Quantum Statistical Properties of Radiation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1973

7. Mandel, Leonard, and Emil Wolf. Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

8. Nielsen, Michael A., and Isaac L. Chuang. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2000

L=45, TOTAL=45

ADVANCED OPTICS

PPN706-ADVANCED OPTICS

Goal To study and understand advanced techniques in Optics

42

Objectives Outcome

The course should enable the student to

1. To know the basics of fundamentals of Optics

2. To understand different methods used in Fourier Optics

3. To learn the electromagnetic principles behind light propagation

4. To understand different light Sources

5. To study the nonlinear processes in Optics

At the end of the course the student should be able to

1. Solve problems related to ray optics and beam optics

2. Analyze beam using Fourier optics

3. Analyze mechanism of light propagation using electromagnetic theory

4. Solve problems related to LASERs and other light sources

5. Analyze various nonlinear optical processes

UNIT-I INTRODUCTION TO OPTICS

Ray Optics, Helmholtz equation, Beam Optics, Introduction, Gaussian Beams, Other solution of

Helmholtz equation, Short duration beams, Alternate method for describing a beam: covariance matrix

and M2 factor

UNIT-II FOURIER OPTICS

Harmonic analysis of a signal, Amplitude and phase modulations, Transfer function of free

space, Optical Fourier transform, Diffraction & Interference, Image shaping, Holography

UNIT-III ELECTROMAGNETIC DESCRIPTION OF LIGHT & PROPAGATION IN

MATTER

Light in vacuum, Theory of electromagnetic beams, Light guiding, Absorption of light & Dispersion,

Optical phenomena in nonisotropic media Dichroism and birefringence- E-field effects, Acousto-

optics effects, B-field effects

UNIT-IV LASERS & OTHER LIGHT SOURCES

Interaction of light with matter, Laser dynamics, Steady-state, Pulsed laser beam, Amplifiers, Example

of laser systems

Other light sources- Radiatio from moving charged particle, Synchrotron radiation, Undulator

radiation, Free-electron laser, Thomson scattering

UNIT-V NON LINEAR OPTICS & INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL OPTICS

Nonlinear optical media, 2nd

order optics, 3rd

order optics, wave mixing, high harmonic generation,

self-focusing and phase modulation

Statistical properties of random light, Interference of partially polarized coherent light, Transmission of

partially coherent light through optical system, Partial polarization

REFERNCES:

1. J. Peatros, Physics of Light and Optics, (available http://optics.byu.edu/textbook.aspx) 2. B. Saleh, and M. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley-Interscience, 3. Y. B. Band, Light and Matter, Wiley and Sons 2006 4. R. Guenther, Modern Optics, Wiley and Sons 1990 5. H. Hecht, Optics, Wiley & Sons

LASER APPLICATIONS

PPN707-LASER APPLICATIONS

Goal To study and understand various applications of LASER

43

Objectives Outcome

The course should enable the student to

1. To know various medical applications of lasers

2. To understand light matter interaction

3. To learn Holography and its applications

4. To understand different industrial applications of Lasers

5. To study the LIDAR equipment

At the end of the course the student should be able to

1. Explain medical applications of Lasers and applications in measurement

2. Explain concepts of Laser plasma interaction

3. Develop methods to apply holography in various applications

4. Explain the laser welding, Laser drilling etc.

5. Solve LIDAR equation to obtain various parameters

UNIT-I MEDICAL APPLICAZTIONS

Laser application in medicine and surgery,material processing,optical communication,meterology

&LIDAR and holography

Laser in length measurement: Measurement of length; interferometry, surface topology &optical

component testing, beam modulation telemetry, laser Doppler velocimetry,surface velocity measurement

using speckle patterns, measurements of rate and rotation using laser gyroscope,

LIDAR.

UNIT-II LASER PLASMA INTERACTION

Laser Plasma Interaction: Basic concepts and two-fluid description of plasmas, electromagnetic wave

propagation in plasmas, propagation of obliquely incident light waves in inhomogeneous plasmas,

collisional absorption of electromagnetic waves in plasmas, parametric excitation of electron and ion

waves, stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, heating by plasma waves, density

profile modification, nonlinear feature of under dense plasma instabilities, electron energy transport, laser

plasma experiments

UNIT-III HOLOGRAPHY

Holography: The wavefront reconstruction process: Inline hologram, the off axis hologram, Fourier

hologram, the lens less Fourier hologram, image hologram. The reconstructed image: Image of a point,

image magnification, orthoscopic and pseudoscopic images, effect of source size and spectral bandwidth.

Thin hologram, volume hologram, volume transmission hologram and volume refraction holograms.

Materials for recording holograms, holograms for displays, colour holography, holographic optical

elements. Holographic interferometry: Real time holographic interferometry, double exposure

holographic interferometry.

UNIT-IV INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

44

Laser Welding , Low Beam Intensity (Conduction Limited) Welding, Keyhole Welding - Transient Mode,

Keyhole Formation and Support, Weld Pool Dynamics , Keyhole Welding - Quasi Steady State Mode,

Industrial Applications of Laser Welding

Laser Drilling, Relation between Drilling and Welding - Edge Effect Criteria, Drilling Regimes and

Criteria, Hydrodynamic and Evaporation Dominated Drilling, Drilling with Transient and Steady State

Melt Surface Temperature, Drilling with Pico- and Femto-second Laser Pulses

UNIT-V LIDAR

General picture of lidar remote sensing, General lidar equation, Physical processes involved in different

lidars, General lidar architecture, General