ST ATE OF MICHIGAN

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONLANSING

MICHAEL P. FLANAGANSUPERINTENDENT OFPUBLIC INSTRUCTION

JENNIFER M. GRANHOLMGOVERNOR

March 2, 2007

MEMORANDUM

State Board of EducationTO

FROM: Michael P. Flanagan

Update on Federal IssuesSUBJECT:

Senate HELP Committee Reoorts Head Start Reauthorization: House To Follow

Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee Chairman Edward Kennedy(D-Massachusetts) made the reauthorization of Head Start a priority for the 110thCongress, and reported from his committee on February 14, S. 556, The Head Start forSchool Readiness Act. The reauthorization languished in the previous Congress, miredin church-state politics, and the role faith-based organizations would play in the federalgovernment's most well known early childhood program.

As reported by the committee, the bill expands coverage for Head Start by extendingeligibility to children from families with an income of up to 130 percent of poverty. Itdoubles the set aside for Early Head Start from 10 percent to 20 percent by the Year2010. The migrant program portion is set at up to 5 percent, with the Indian portion ata minimum of 4 percent.

After 1994, under the leadership of House Education and Workforce CommitteeChairman William G. Goodling, the Head Start statute was reworked to enhance theeducation component. Senator Kennedy's bill takes those reforms even further. In amajor change, all grant awardees will be required to re-compete for their status as agrantee every five years. Another major new requirement, aligning the program to theElementary and Secondary Education Act highly qualified teacher provisions, requiresall Head Start teachers nationwide to have at least an associate degree in earlychildhood education, or equivalent coursework, by 2012; and all curriculum specialiststo have a baccalaureate or advanced degree in early childhood education, or equivalentcoursework, by 2010. All Head Start teaching assistants would be required to have at

STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

KATHLEEN N. STRAUS - PRESIDENT. JOHN C. AUSTIN - VICE PRESIDENTCAROLYN L. CURTIN - SECRETARY. MARIANNE Y ARED MCGUIRE - TREASURER

NANCY DANHOF - NASBE DELEGATE. ELIZABETH W. BAUERREGINALD M. TURNER. CASANDRA E. ULBRICH

808 WEST ALLEGAN STREET. P.O. BOX 30008 . LANSING. MICHIGAN 48909www.michigan.gov/mde . (517) 373-3324

2

least a child development associate credential by 2010, and half of all the programteachers in each state must have a baccalaureate degree in early childhood education,or equivalent coursework, by 2013. In addition, all Head Start teachers would berequired to attend not less than 15 hours of professional development per year.Reports on progress toward these goals would be submitted periodically to Congress.

If enacted, the bill requires states to establish state advisory councils on early care andeducation, covering from birth to school entry, that would essentially cover policy for allearly childhood education and promote collaboration and coordination among allprograms serving young children, and align Head Start services with state earlylearning standards. The council's assignment would be to identify barriers to, andopportunities for, collaboration between federal and state programs. They would alsodevelop recommendations for a unified data system, and develop a statewideprofessional development plan for early care and education within the state that wouldcoordinate Head Start professional development with that of other programs.

Centers of Excellence are authorized in the bill to be established in each state to modelexemplary Head Start programs.

Historically the Senate follows the House in moving on education legislation. In thiscase, Congressman Dale E. Kildee (D- Flint), Chairman of the House Education andLabor Committee Subcommittee on Early Childhood and Elementary and SecondaryEducation, reported to a Michigan group in his office on February 27 that he wasworking on a comparable bill to introduce very soon in the House. Action by hissubcommittee will follow shortly thereafter, he said.

The 2007 National Anti-Hunaer Policv Conference Convenes in Washington

Child food care, soup kitchen, food pantry, senior citizen food program, and commodityadvocates from throughout Michigan attended the 2007 National Anti-Hunger PolicyConference in Washington, D.C., from February 25-27 on Capitol Hill sponsored by theFood Research and Action Center, America's Second Harvest - The Nation's Food BankNetwork, and The National CACFP (Child and Adult Care Food Program) Forum.

Michigan attendees represented Focus:HOPE, the Food Bank Council of Michigan, YadEzra, Forgotten Harvest, Elder Law of Michigan, the Grand Rapids Urban League, theAssociation for Child Development, Kent Regional 4C, the Northwest Michigan 4CCouncil and the Michigan Department of Education.

Best practices and legislative speculation on the upcoming Farm Bill debate (seeAppendix A), and appropriations were highlighted in breakout sessions. U.S.Department of Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns, and Under Secretary NancyMontanez Johner, who oversees the Food and Nutrition Service, addressed the meeting,explaining budgetary constraints in 2007, and what appeared to be a sincere interest insimplifying the paperwork requirements of the many nutrition programs.

3

Although the child nutrition programs are not up for reauthorization for a couple ofyears, several speakers commented on the strong connection between good nutritionand classroom performance (see Appendix B), and the need to increase awareness andparticipation in the Summer Food Service Program, an important priority in Michigan.

Discussion on the MichiGan State Board of Education Positions on theReauthorization of ESEA/NCLB

Attached is an updated chart comparing major positions of various groups on thereauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act/No Child Left Behind,and "Recommended Modifications to the No Child Left Behind Act," adopted by theState Board of Education on February 13, 2007.

APPENDIX A

Letter to ConGress in SUDDort of StronG Nutrition Title of the 2007 Farm Bill

Signe/:5' as of February 22, 2lXJ7

As Congress reauthorizes the Farm Bill this year, our top priority is a strong Nutrition title that reauthorizes andimproves the Food Stamp Program, the nation's first defense against hunger, and bolsters the efforts of theemergency food assistance system. We strongly urge that the 2007 Farm Bill and the Fiscal Year 2008 BudgetResolution reflect those urgent national priorities.

Far too many people in our communities lack resources to put food on their tables consistently for themselvesand their families. Indeed, the most recent Census Bureau/U.S. Department of Agriculture survey of foodsecurity documents that more than 35 million people in the United States live in households that face aconstant sbuggle against hunger. It is absolutely essential that the 2007 Farm Bill address the pressingproblem of hunger amidst plenty by strengthening the nation's food assistance programs.

The Food Stamp Program is a crucial and effective investment in meeting the urgent needs of seniors, peoplewith disabilities, mildren, and low-income working and unemployed adults. It has nearly eliminatedmalnutrition from the national landscape and helps prevent the problem of hunger from becoming worse in ourcommunities. Food Stamp Program partidpation closely tracks economic trends, responding quickly toincreases in need, whether due to local or national economic circumstances or to disasters, as seen in theaftermath of Hurricane Katrina.

Food stamps help sUengthen families and the American communities where those families reside-rural, urbanand suburban. More than 80 percent of food stamp benefits go to families with children, allowing their parentsto obtain food at grocery stores for meals at home. Much of the remainder goes to seniors and persons withdisabilities. Through the nationwide use of Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) cards, program utilization hasbeen streamlined for transactions for consumers and store derks, and EBT has quantifiably reduced thechances of program abuse.

Food Stamps pay dividends for low-income consumers, food producers and manufacturers, grocery retailersand communities. As food stamp purchases flow through grocery checkout lines, farmers' markets and otheroutlets, those benefits generate almost double their value in economic activity, espedally for many hard-pressed rural and urban communities desperately in need of stimulus to business and jobs.

The Food Stamp Program's basic entitlement structure must be maintained while greater resources areprovided to the program to more effectively fight hunger in our communities. There are several key areas forprogram investment:

Adequacy of Benefits Must Be Improved. The first step to redudng hunger in the U.S. is to ensure thateveryone in the Food Stamp Program has the resourceS to assist them in purchasing and preparing anutritionally adequate diet. Neither the average food stamp benefit level of $1 per person per meal,nor the $10 per household monthly minimum benefit. is suffident to help families purchase anadequate diet. This dietary shortfall negatively impacts redpients' health and nutrition and impedesthe ability of children to learn and adults to work. Another key element to securing an adequate dietwill be finding ways to improve access to affordable and healthful foods for food stamp households inlow-income neighborhoods.Access to the Program Must Be Expanded. Too many people in our communities are in need of foodstamps but cannot get them. Only 33 percent of the people in food bank lines are enrolled in foodstamps. Those people in need of food but exduded from the Food Stamp Program indude workingpoor families with savings slightly above decades-old and outdated resource limits, many legalimmigrants, and numerous indigent jobless people seeking employmentProgram Simplification and Streamlining for Caseworkers and Oients Must Continue. While food stampoutreach and nutrition education are achieving important advances, these efforts need moreresources, and enrollments are hampered by shortfalls in state technology and supports. Too manyeligible people-espedally working poor and elderly persons-are missing out on benefits.

In addition to the necessaly improvements to the Food Stamp Program, the 2007 Farm Bill also provides anopportunity to assist the front-line agendes that deal with the problem of hunger every day. The nation's foodbanks, food pantries, and soup kitchens are stretd1ed to serve more and more people whose food stamps have

MichiganAmerican Red Cross .Ann Arbor RESULTSBarry-Eaton District. Health DepartmentCenter for CivIl JusticeCommunity Action HouseCommunity Housing AlternativesCovert Public Housing CommissionDo-All, Inc.Economic Justice CommissionBder law of Midligan, Inc.Emmaus House of Saginaw, Inc.Food Bank Coundl of MimiganGleaners Community Food BankHamilton Community Health NetworkHousing Services for Eaton CoIonia Housing CommissionIron Mountain Housing CommissionKatherine's Catering, Inc.leadership Team Sisters of Mercy DeUoItMadison Property CompanyMimlgan Otizen ActionMimlgan league for Human ServicesMimigan State University ExtensionMid Midligan Community Action AgencyNational Coundl of Jewish Women, Greater DetroitSectionOakland County Welfare Rights OrganizationRESULTS, Kalamazoo, MISault Ste. Marie Housing Commission50S Community ServicesThe Bottle CrewThe Comer Health CenterUnited Way of Midland County

APPENDIX B

The Federal Child Nutrition Programs:Preventing Hunger and Increasing Academic

Achievement

Hunger and poor nutrition are problems that adversely affect academic achievement and make itimpossible for children. particularly low-income children, to meet the 2014 proficiency goals set forth inthe No Child Left Behind Act of 2002.

Hunarv Children ~an't Learn

Hunger impairs children's ability to learnEven with quality teachers, classroom resources and curriculum, children cannot learn or score well onachievement tests if they are hungry.

FACTS:. Children experiencing hunger have lower math scores and are more likely to have to repeat agrade.'

Children who skip breakfast are less able to distinguish among similar images, shoW Increasederrors, and have slower memory reca".2

Children with hunger are more likely to receive special education services, or receive mentalhealth counseling, than low-income children who do not experience hunger.3

Malnourished children have difficulty learning because they are usually less motivated, haveshorter attention spans, and have greater trouble expressing their emotions than other childrentheir age..

Children with hunger have more behavioral problemsChildren and adolescents experiencing hunger often have more behavioral, emotional, and psycho-social

problems such as suspension from school, difficulties in friendship and getting along with their peers.

FACTS:. Children experiencing hunger are more likely to be hyperactive, absent and tardy, in addition tohaving behavioral and attention problems more often than other children.5 ~

Teens experiencing hunger were nearly three times as likely to have been suspended fromschool, nearly .twice as likely to have difficulty getting along with other children, and almost foltimes as likely to have no friends.6

The Federal Child Nutrition Proarams Can Help

School breakfast boosts test scores and draws children to schoolBreakfast is often described as the most important meal of the day, but far too many students have noteaten anything by the time classes begin each morning. School breakfast has the ability to improveacademic achievement and attract children to school and decrease tardiness rates.

FACTS:. Children who eat breakfast show improved cognitive function, attention, and memory.

The Federal Child Nutrition Programs:Preventing Hunger and Increasing Academic

Achievement~ '

fOQD USfAICH~ill.J.1!

Sources:

1 Alaimo K, Olson CM, Frongillo EA Jr. "Food Insufficiency and American ~Aged Children's Cognitive,

Academic and Psychosocial Development." Pediatrics 2001; 108(1 ):44-53.

2 Pollitt E, Cueto S, Jacoby ER. "Fasting and Cognition in Well- and Undernourished Schoolchildren: A Review of

Three Experimental Studies." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1998; 67(4):7798-784S.Pollitt E, Leibel RL, Greenfield D. "Brief fasting, stress, and cognition in children." American Journal of ClinicalNutrition 1981; 34:1526-1533.

3 Kleinman RE, Murphy JM, Little M, Pagano M, Wehler CA, Regal K, Jellinek MS. "Hunger in Children in the United

States: Potential Behavioral and Emotional Correlates." Pediatrics 1998; 101(1):E3.

. Center on Hunger and Poverty Institute on Assets and Social Policy Brandeis UniversitY

5 Murphy JM, Wehler CA, PaganQ ME, Little M, Kleinman RF, Jellinek MS. "Relationship Between Hunger and

Psychosocial Furx;tioning in Low-Income American Children." Journal of the American Academy of Child &

Adolescent Psychiatry 1998;37:163-170.

6 Alaimo K, Olson CM, Frongillo EA Jr. "Food Insufficiency and American School-Aged Children's Cognitive,Academic and Psychosocial Development." Pediatrics 2001; 108(1):44-53.

7 Wesnes KA, Pincock C, Richardson D, Helm G, Hails S. "Breakfast reduces declines in attention and memory over

the morning in schoolchildren." Appetite 2003;41 (3):329-31.

8 Murphy JM, Pagano M, Nachmani J, Sperling P, Kane S, Kleinman R. "The Relationship of School Breakfast to

Psychosocial and Academic Functioning: Cross-sectional and longitudinal observations in an inner-city sample."Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 1998; 152:899-907.Powell CA, Walker SP, Chang SM, Grantham-McGregor SM. "Nutrition and education: a randomized trial of theeffects of breakfast in rural primary school children." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1998;68:873-9.

9 Meyers A, Sampson AE, Weitzman M, Rogers BL, Kayne H. "School Breakfast Program and School Performance

American Journal of Diseases of Children 1989;143:1234-39.

10 Evaluation Services Center, College of Education, University of Cincinnati. (1999, August). 1998-99 school-year

program evaluation Urban School Initiative School Age Child Care expansion. Cincinnati, OH.

11 Cooper, H., Nye, B., Charlton, K., Lindsay, J., & Greathouse, S. (1996). The effects of summer vacation on

achievement test scores: A narrative and meta-analytic review. Review of Educational Research, 66, 227-268.

12 Center for Summer Leaming httcJ/www.ihu.edu/teachbaltimorelresourcesresearch/sumschool.htmI

Baker, Linda. Summer: Sunshine and Stress. May 22,2006. http;://www.connectforkids.orainode/4215

14 Gordan, Anne and Briefel, Ronette, Feeding low-Income Children When School Is Out- The Summer Food Service

Program, Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program 2003

15 Evaluation of the Extended learning Opportunities Summer Program, Montgomery County Public Schools.. Office

of Shared Accountabilitv. Oct. 2002.

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.

MICHIGANSTATE BOARD OF EDUCAnON

RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS TO THENO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT

Adopted February 13, 2007

The Michigan State Board of Education recommends that Congress consider thefollowing modifications to the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act:

New School Definition

The requirements of NCLB must allow for the unique needs of each state-asexemplified by the requirement for each state to define what a "new school" is forpurposes of AYP.

Graduation Cohorts More Than Four Years

Recognizing that time is the variable for some students to achieve the morerigorous graduation requirements in Michigan, use graduation cohorts of more thanfour years under some circumstances.

Use of Best Score ThrouGh Grade 12 in AYP Calculation

Incorporate students' best score, including senior retests, in AYP determinations.Use the best score through grade 12 in high school AYP. Permit use of alternateassessments measured against alternate/modified achievement standards based onindividualized growth expectations across grade levels as needed for somestudents.

Identification of School or School District for Imorovement

Identify a school or school district for improvement only if the school or schooldistrict does not make AYP for the same content area in the same subgroup for twoconsecutive years.

Proxy Calculation for Students with Mild to Moderate Coanitive ImRairment

Develop appropriate assessments; allow "standard number of years" for graduationto be more than four.

1

Limited English Proficient Students and AYP

Allow schools and school districts to include Formerly Limited English Proficient(FLEP) students in the limited English proficient subgroup for AYP calculation for upto two years. Allow schools and school districts to expand flexibility for Englishlanguage learners in their first year of school in the United States to their first twoyears of school in the United States.

Allow ELL students to reach proficiency before testing in English; allow standardnumber of years for graduation to be more than four. Permits states to properlyinclude new immigrant ELL students in school accountability, based on multiplemeasures for several years (no fewer than three years) where educationallyappropriate. Allow a full range of alternate assessments, and a system that valuesindividualized growth. Recognize the positive performance of students who haverecently transitioned out of the ELL student subgroup accountability determinationsfor an appropriate period.

School Regort Cards for High Schools and Some Schools TestinG Studentswith the MI-Access ParticiDation and SuDDorted IndeDendenceAssessments

Issue high school NCLB report cards, and the report cards of any elementary ormiddle school that administered the replacement tests for the MI-Access FunctionalIndependence and Supported Independence, after the start of school next fall, ifnecessary.

Consistencx With Aoorovals of Exceotions Amona States

In the creation of state plans and the approval of accountability workbookmodifications, the U. S. Department of Education has not always been consistent.Sharing information about approvals openly among states would foster greatertransparency and trust. Some examples of inconsistency are: minimum N,confidence intervals, assessment of ELL students, and alternative assessments forstudents with cognitive impairments.

2