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Government at a Glance 2017
Country Fact Sheetwww.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
The Danish government experienced a positive, although minor, net savings
In 2015 the difference between government expenditures and revenues, excluding capital expenditures, reached positive net savings of 0.2% of GDP, while OECD countries on average had negative net savings of -2.2% of GDP. The Danish fiscal stance remains almost neutral recording a structural primary balance of -0.1% of potential GDP in 2015, improving by 0.4 p.p. from the 2009 level. In 2016, this level remains unchanged.
Chapter 2. Public finance and economics
General government net saving as a percentage of GDPGeneral government structural primary balance as a percentage of potential GDP
The use of digital public services by citizens is the highest in Denmarkamong OECD countries
Governments are striving to modernise public service delivery in line with private sector’s practices by en-abling digital access, replacing costly procedures with more efficient, transparent, reliable and convenient digital solutions. The uptake of digital services among OECD countries is the highest in Denmark, as the proportion of individuals who submit forms via public authorities’ websites in 2016 was above 70%, double the OECD average of 35%.
Chapter 11. Public sector innovation and digital government
Individuals using the Internet for sending filled forms via public authorities websites in the past 12 months
The financial crisis increased income inequalities in Denmark,by affecting disproportionally the income of the bottom 10% of the income distribution
While income distribution in Denmark is relatively low (the Gini coefficient of disposable income in 2013 was 0.26), between 2007 and 2013 the real labour income of the bottom 10% of the income distribution fell by 32%, while the real income of both the top 10% grew by 7% and the average income decreased by 4%. Among OECD countries, the change in real labour income growth of the lowest 10% of the population was -14%.
Chapter 13. Core government results
Differences in income inequality pre- and post-tax and government transfersDifferences in income inequality post-tax and government transfers
Denmark
Fiscal balance*(2015, 2016)
Government expenditures(2015, 2016)
Government gross debt*(2015)
% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP
Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts
G@G /dataG@G /data
26134,500
88,70052,700
Middle Managers(D3 positions)
Senior Managers(D1 positions)
SeniorProfessionals
SecretarialPositions
2015USD PPP
150,000
300,000
450,000
231,500
61,200
Denmark
111,100 135,600
293,900
Annual compensation across central government positions (2015)
Government investment(2015, 2016)
How to read the figures:
Denmark
Country value in blue (not represented if not available)
Average of OECD countries in red
Range of OECD country values in grey
Public Finance and Economics
10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
24.9%23.5%
Denmark
20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
2015
40.9%
53.6%2016
54.8%2015
Denmark
2015
3.2%
3.6%2016
3.4%2015
0% 2% 4% 6% 8%
Denmark53.1% 100%
0%
100%
0%
Denmark
112%
100% 150% 200% 250%50%0%
Values have been rounded. n.a. refers to
data not available
% of GDP
Public Employment
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in Central/federal Governments
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the compensation of employees in central / federal governments
... and in senior positions (2015)
Source: OECD* See Notes National Accounts
Source: OECD* SNA definition, see Notes National Accounts
Public Sector Compensation
53.0%52.5%Denmark
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
32.4%22.2%Denmark
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Women in the civil service ...
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in Central/federal Governments
Percentage of central government employees aged 55 years or older
(2015)
General government employmentas % of total employment (2015)
18.1%
29.1%Denmark
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Source: OECD National Accounts
-10% 0%-5% +5% +10%
-2.8%
Denmark2016
-0.9% -1.3%
2015
2015
Budgeting
Women in Government
Extent of delegationof HRM practicesin line ministries
0.67
0.64
Extent of the useof performance
assessmentsin HR decisions
0.68
0.64
Extent of the useof performance
related pay
1.00
0.66
Use of separateHRM practices
for seniorcivil servants
0.58 0.55
Collectionof administrative
data
0.59
0.68
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highest
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1
Denmark
G@G /data
Source: OECD (2016) Strategic Human Resources Management Survey
Composite indicators on HRM practices in central government (2016)
Human Resource Management
Composite indices on regulatory governance for primary laws*(2014)
G@G /data
Regulatory governance
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
29.1%
50%
25.8%
Denmark
Source: OECD National Accounts
General governmentprocurement expenditures
(2015)% of government expenditures
Public Procurement
Support for greenpublic procurement
Some procuring entities have developed an internal strategy/policy
A strategy/policy has been developed at a central level
Support forSMEs
Support for innovativegoods and services
A strategy/policy has been rescinded
There has never been a strategy/policy in place
11 25 1 0 8 24 0 1 9 19 0 6
Denmark
Strategic public procurement - Objectives(2016)
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on Public Procurement
* See Notes Source: OECD Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance (iREG)
0.41
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.45Denmark
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highest
Performance budgetingpractices at the central level
of government (2016)
Source: OECD (2016) Survey of Performance Budgeting
Stakeholderengagement in
developing regulations
2.312.09
Regulatory ImpactAssessment for
developing regulations
1.78 2.05
Ex post evaluationof regulations
1.58 1.54
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 4 highest
0
1
2
3
4
Denmark
Notes Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures. Regulatory governance indicators: The results for stakeholder engagement and Regulatory Impact Assessment apply exclusively to processes for developing primary laws initiated by the executive. Data is not applicable to the United States, where all primary laws are initiated by Congress. In the majority of countries, most primary laws are initiated by the executive, except for Mexico and Korea, where a higher share of primary laws are initiated by parliament/congress (respectively 90.6% and 84%). Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which dif fers from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt.
Open Data Digital Government
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
35.6%71.0%
Denmark
Individuals using the Internet for sending filled forms via public authorities websites
in the past 12 months (2016)
Source: OECD, ICT database; and Eurostat, Information Society database
OURdata Index:Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data
(2017)Composite index: from 0 lowest to 1 highest
Source: OECD (2017) Survey on Open Government Data
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
n.a.
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.55
Denmark
Dataavailability
Dataaccessibility
Governmentsupportto re-use
Differences in income inequality pre and post-taxand government transfers (2013)
Denmark
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6Higher
inequality
Lowerinequality
Before After
0.44
0.25taxes and transfers
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Before After
0.47
0.32taxes and transfers
Higherinequality
Lowerinequality
Source: OECD Income Distribution Database
Limited government powers (2016)
0.75
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.93Denmark
Source: The World Justice Project
Core Government ResultsSatisfaction and confidence across public services
(2016)
70%
Judicial system Education system
85%20
40
60
80
100
Health care
67%79%55%82%
National government42%47%
Denmark
Average
Range
Police77%79%
Source: Gallup World Poll
% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction
Government at a Glance 2017Government at a Glance provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the goal of contributing to the analysis and international
comparison of public sector productivity and performance. Indicators on government revenues, expenditures, and employment are presented,
alongside key output and outcome data for education, health and justice. Information on key enablers to increase productivity including on digital
government, budget procedures, strategic human resource management, open government data and innovative practices are also included. In
a context of tight budget constraints in many member countries, good indicators are needed more than ever, in order to help governments make
informed decisions regarding resource allocation and to help restore confidence in government institutions.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2017-en
The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2017 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:
For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm