demographic proﬁle: rentz - atlanta regional...

Demographic Profile:Rentz

[This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2014-18 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

[This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

RENTZ Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

25−29

15−19

40−44

85 and over

10−14

20−24

80−84

60−64

65−69

5−9

45−49

75−79

50−54

55−59

Under 5

30−34

35−39

70−74

20 10 0 10 20

Males

Females

Rentz

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

Decennial 2010 Profile RENTZ

Race and Latino Origin

87%

9%0%2%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Rentz

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3


Housing Tenure

22%

32%22%

24%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Rentz

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4


Households by Type

48%

12%

40%Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Rentz

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5


Children by Household Type

72%

21%

6% 1%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Rentz

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 295 100.0%

Under 5 years 16 5.4%5 to 9 years 22 7.5%10 to 14 years 19 6.4%15 to 19 years 14 4.7%20 to 24 years 15 5.1%25 to 29 years 12 4.1%30 to 34 years 21 7.1%35 to 39 years 21 7.1%40 to 44 years 11 3.7%45 to 49 years 20 6.8%50 to 54 years 24 8.1%55 to 59 years 17 5.8%60 to 64 years 15 5.1%65 to 69 years 13 4.4%70 to 74 years 16 5.4%75 to 79 years 18 6.1%80 to 84 years 12 4.1%85 years and over 9 3.1%

Median age (years) 44.1 (X)

16 years and over 236 80.0%18 years and over 228 77.3%21 years and over 218 73.9%62 years and over 79 26.8%65 years and over 68 23.1%

Male population 139 47.1%Under 5 years 5 1.7%5 to 9 years 13 4.4%10 to 14 years 12 4.1%15 to 19 years 9 3.1%20 to 24 years 8 2.7%25 to 29 years 7 2.4%30 to 34 years 10 3.4%35 to 39 years 8 2.7%40 to 44 years 5 1.7%45 to 49 years 11 3.7%50 to 54 years 14 4.7%55 to 59 years 6 2.0%60 to 64 years 7 2.4%65 to 69 years 5 1.7%70 to 74 years 3 1.0%75 to 79 years 8 2.7%80 to 84 years 5 1.7%85 years and over 3 1.0%


16 years and over 108 36.6%18 years and over 102 34.6%21 years and over 99 33.6%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 30 10.2%65 years and over 24 8.1%

Female population 156 52.9%Under 5 years 11 3.7%5 to 9 years 9 3.1%10 to 14 years 7 2.4%15 to 19 years 5 1.7%20 to 24 years 7 2.4%25 to 29 years 5 1.7%30 to 34 years 11 3.7%35 to 39 years 13 4.4%40 to 44 years 6 2.0%45 to 49 years 9 3.1%50 to 54 years 10 3.4%55 to 59 years 11 3.7%60 to 64 years 8 2.7%65 to 69 years 8 2.7%70 to 74 years 13 4.4%75 to 79 years 10 3.4%80 to 84 years 7 2.4%85 years and over 6 2.0%


16 years and over 128 43.4%18 years and over 126 42.7%21 years and over 119 40.3%62 years and over 49 16.6%65 years and over 44 14.9%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 295 100.0%

One Race 289 98.0%White 257 87.1%Black or African American 27 9.2%American Indian and Alaska Native 0 0.0%Asian 1 0.3%

Asian Indian 0 0.0%Chinese 0 0.0%Filipino 0 0.0%Japanese 0 0.0%Korean 1 0.3%Vietnamese 0 0.0%Other Asian 0 0.0%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 0 0.0%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%

Some Other Race 4 1.4%Two or More Races 6 2.0%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 0 0.0%White; Asian 2 0.7%White; Black or African American 4 1.4%White; Some Other Race 0 0.0%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 263 89.2%Black or African American 31 10.5%American Indian and Alaska Native 0 0.0%Asian 3 1.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Some Other Race 4 1.4%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 295 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 5 1.7%Mexican 1 0.3%Puerto Rican 0 0.0%Cuban 1 0.3%Other Hispanic or Latino 3 1.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 290 98.3%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 295 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 5 1.7%White alone 0 0.0%Black or African American alone 1 0.3%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 4 1.4%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 290 98.3%White alone 257 87.1%Black or African American alone 26 8.8%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 1 0.3%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 0 0.0%Two or More Races 6 2.0%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 295 100.0%

In households 295 100.0%Householder 137 46.4%Spouse 66 22.4%Child 78 26.4%

Own child under 18 years 62 21.0%Other relatives 9 3.1%

Under 18 years 4 1.4%65 years and over 2 0.7%

Nonrelatives 5 1.7%Under 18 years 1 0.3%65 years and over 0 0.0%

Unmarried partner 1 0.3%

In group quarters 0 0.0%Institutionalized population 0 0.0%

Male 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

Noninstitutionalized population 0 0.0%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 137 100.0%

Family households (families) 82 59.9%With own children under 18 years 32 23.4%

Husband-wife family 66 48.2%With own children under 18 years 23 16.8%

Male householder, no wife present 4 2.9%With own children under 18 years 0 0.0%

Female householder, no husband present 12 8.8%With own children under 18 years 9 6.6%

Nonfamily households 55 40.1%Householder living alone 53 38.7%

Male 19 13.9%65 years and over 3 2.2%

Female 34 24.8%65 years and over 25 18.2%

Households with individuals under 18 years 34 24.8%Households with individuals 65 years and over 51 37.2%

Average household size 2.15 (X)Average family size 2.87 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 180 100.0%

Occupied housing units 137 76.1%Vacant housing units 43 23.9%

For rent 5 2.8%Rented, not occupied 0 0.0%For sale only 3 1.7%Sold, not occupied 0 0.0%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 5 2.8%All other vacants 30 16.7%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 3.0 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 11.1 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 137 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 97 70.8%Population in owner-occupied housing units 209 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.15 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 40 29.2%Population in renter-occupied housing units 86 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.15 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

RENTZ ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Rentz Laurens County Heart of Georgia Altamaha Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

ACS 2014-18 Profile RENTZ

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 116 ±39 116 (X)

Family households (families) 84 ±35 72.4% ±17.8With own children of the householder under 18 years 36 ±24 31.0% ±17.5

Married-couple family 48 ±21 41.4% ±11.6With own children of the householder under 18 years 12 ±10 10.3% ±7.9

Male householder, no wife present, family 8 ±9 6.9% ±7.4With own children of the householder under 18 years 1 ±4 0.9% ±3.4

Female householder, no husband present, family 28 ±21 24.1% ±16.2With own children of the householder under 18 years 23 ±21 19.8% ±16.8

Nonfamily households 32 ±16 27.6% ±10.2Householder living alone 31 ±16 26.7% ±10.565 years and over 15 ±12 12.9% ±9.4

Households with one or more people under 18 years 40 ±27 34.5% ±20.2Households with one or more people 65 years and over 47 ±21 40.5% ±11.9

Average household size 2.46 ±0.53 (X) (X)Average family size 2.98 ±1.58 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 285 ±114 285 (X)

Householder 116 ±38 40.7% ±21.2Spouse 52 ±23 18.2% ±3.4Child 85 ±58 29.8% ±16.5Other relatives 29 ±40 10.2% ±13.5Nonrelatives 3 ±4 1.1% ±1.4

Unmarried partner 3 ±4 1.1% ±1.4

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 91 ±36 91 (X)

Never married 31 ±22 34.1% ±20.1Now married, except separated 47 ±25 51.6% ±17.9Separated 1 ±3 1.1% ±3.3Widowed 2 ±3 2.2% ±3.2Divorced 10 ±9 11.0% ±8.9

Females 15 years and over 145 ±62 145 (X)Never married 44 ±31 30.3% ±17.0Now married, except separated 53 ±27 36.6% ±10.5Separated 2 ±4 1.4% ±2.7Widowed 15 ±11 10.3% ±6.2Divorced 31 ±25 21.4% ±14.6

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

4 ±4 4 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 2 ±3 50.0% ±55.9Per 1,000 unmarried women 33 ±45 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 44 ±38 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±968 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 182 ±139 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 0 ±375 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

0 ±13 0 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 0 ±13 .% ±.Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 0 ±18 .% ±.1 or 2 years 0 ±13 .% ±.3 or 4 years 0 ±13 .% ±.5 or more years 0 ±13 .% ±.

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

0 ±13 0 (X)

Who are female 0 ±13 .% ±.Who are married 0 ±13 .% ±.

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 75 ±57 75 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.3Kindergarten 0 ±13 0.0% ±17.3Elementary school (grades 1-8) 34 ±28 45.3% ±13.2High school (grades 9-12) 41 ±35 54.7% ±21.3College or graduate school 0 ±18 0.0% ±24.5

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 191 ±69 191 (X)

Less than 9th grade 3 ±35 1.6% ±18.29th to 12th grade, no diploma 13 ±28 6.8% ±14.7High school graduate (includes equivalency) 118 ±44 61.8% ±6.3Some college, no degree 35 ±21 18.3% ±8.9Associate’s degree 14 ±14 7.3% ±7.1Bachelor’s degree 3 ±14 1.6% ±7.1Graduate or professional degree 5 ±27 2.6% ±14.2

Percent high school graduate or higher 91.6% ±45.4 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 4.2% ±15.8 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 206 ±73 206 (X)

Civilian veterans 6 ±5 2.9% ±2.2

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 285 ±114 285 (X)With a disability 45 ±37 15.8% ±11.2

Under 18 years 79 ±46 79 (X)With a disability 4 ±24 5.1% ±29.7

18 to 64 years 139 ±43 139 (X)With a disability 24 ±22 17.3% ±14.8

65 years and over 67 ±32 67 (X)With a disability 17 ±18 25.4% ±23.3

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 282 ±113 282 (X)

Same house 203 ±77 72.0% ±39.7Different house in the U.S. 79 ±72 28.0% ±22.9

Same county 64 ±67 22.7% ±21.9Different county 15 ±26 5.3% ±9.1Same state 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Different state 15 ±23 5.3% ±7.9

Abroad 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 285 ±114 285 (X)

Native 278 ±113 97.5% ±7.0Born in United States 276 ±104 96.8% ±53.3State of residence 236 ±96 82.8% ±6.1Different state 40 ±41 14.0% ±13.2

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

2 ±4 0.7% ±1.4

Foreign born 7 ±7 2.5% ±2.3

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 7 ±7 7 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 7 ±7 100.0% ±0.0Not a U.S. citizen 0 ±13 0.0% ±185.7

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 9 ±10 9 (X)

Native 2 ±23 2 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±650.0Entered before 2010 2 ±19 100.0% ±1480.7

Foreign born 7 ±7 7 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±185.7Entered before 2010 7 ±15 100.0% ±187.4

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

7 ±7 7 (X)

Europe 4 ±5 57.1% ±42.9Asia 3 ±5 42.9% ±57.1Africa 0 ±13 0.0% ±185.7Oceania 0 ±13 0.0% ±185.7Latin America 0 ±13 0.0% ±185.7Northern America 0 ±13 0.0% ±185.7

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 281 ±112 281 (X)

English only 278 ±88 98.9% ±50.4Language other than English 3 ±43 1.1% ±15.4

Speak English less than ’very well’ 3 ±77 1.1% ±27.4Spanish 0 ±23 0.0% ±8.0Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±13.9

Other Indo-European languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±8.0Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±13.9

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 3 ±19 1.1% ±6.8Speak English less than ’very well’ 3 ±37 1.1% ±13.2

Other languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±8.0Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±13.9

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 285 ±114 285 (X)

American 17 ±13 6.0% ±3.9Arab 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Czech 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Danish 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Dutch 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6English 11 ±8 3.9% ±2.3French (except Basque) 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6French Canadian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6German 6 ±7 2.1% ±2.3Greek 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Hungarian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Irish 12 ±14 4.2% ±4.6Italian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Lithuanian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Norwegian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Polish 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Portuguese 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Scotch-Irish 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Scottish 1 ±3 0.4% ±1.0Slovak 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Subsaharan African 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Swedish 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Swiss 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Ukranian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Welsh 1 ±3 0.4% ±1.0West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 116 ±39 116 (X)

With a computer 76 ±27 65.5% ±7.5With a broadband Internet subscription 48 ±22 41.4% ±12.9

12


Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 227 ±86 227 (X)

In labor force 67 ±57 29.5% ±22.7Civilian labor force 67 ±57 29.5% ±22.7Employed 67 ±57 29.5% ±22.7Unemployed 0 ±66 0.0% ±29.2

Armed Forces 0 ±58 0.0% ±25.6Not in labor force 160 ±63 70.5% ±8.2

Civilian labor force 67 ±57 67 (X)Unemployment Rate 0.0% ±98.9 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 136 ±58 136 (X)In labor force 31 ±43 22.8% ±30.2

Civilian labor force 31 ±43 22.8% ±30.2Employed 31 ±43 22.8% ±30.2

own children of the householder under 6 years 4 ±5 4 (X)All parents in family in labor force 2 ±19 50.0% ±466.2

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 67 ±56 67 (X)All parents in family in labor force 18 ±26 26.9% ±32.4

13


COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 67 ±38 67 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 60 ±36 89.6% ±17.5Car, truck, or van – carpooled 7 ±9 10.4% ±12.1Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 0 ±13 0.0% ±19.4Walked 0 ±13 0.0% ±19.4Other means 0 ±13 0.0% ±19.4Worked at home 0 ±13 0.0% ±19.4

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 18.7 ±17.4 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 67 ±57 67 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 7 ±9 10.4% ±9.1Service occupations 18 ±15 26.9% ±32.4Sales and office occupations 10 ±16 14.9% ±19.8Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

18 ±21 26.9% ±22.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 14 ±17 20.9% ±18.1

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 67 ±57 67 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 0 ±18 0.0% ±27.4Construction 10 ±18 14.9% ±24.3Manufacturing 11 ±17 16.4% ±21.2Wholesale trade 1 ±13 1.5% ±19.6Retail trade 2 ±13 3.0% ±19.7Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 0 ±18 0.0% ±27.4Information 0 ±18 0.0% ±27.4Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 0 ±18 0.0% ±27.4Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

2 ±13 3.0% ±27.4

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 27 ±18 40.3% ±27.4Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

9 ±9 13.4% ±8.3

Other services, except public administration 0 ±18 0.0% ±27.4Public administration 5 ±6 7.5% ±5.9

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 67 ±57 67 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 47 ±30 70.1% ±74.7Government workers 15 ±21 22.4% ±25.3Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 5 ±15 7.5% ±21.9Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±27.4

14


INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2018 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 116 ±39 116 (X)Less than $10,000 32 ±24 27.6% ±18.5$10,000 to $14,999 9 ±12 7.8% ±10.0$15,000 to $24,999 15 ±13 12.9% ±10.1$25,000 to $34,999 15 ±11 12.9% ±8.7$35,000 to $49,999 31 ±19 26.7% ±8.7$50,000 to $74,999 6 ±8 5.2% ±8.7$75,000 to $99,999 2 ±3 1.7% ±2.5$100,000 to $149,999 4 ±14 3.4% ±12.0$150,000 to $199,999 1 ±3 0.9% ±2.6$200,000 or more 1 ±2 0.9% ±1.7Median household income (dollars) 27,500 ±14,484 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 32,723 ±4,535 (X) (X)

With earnings 45 ±21 38.8% ±12.6Mean earnings (dollars) 45,896 ±11,327 (X) (X)

With Social Security 56 ±25 48.3% ±14.2Mean Social Security income (dollars) 15,989 ±891 (X) (X)

With retirement income 28 ±18 24.1% ±13.2Mean retirement income (dollars) 11,593 ±2,436 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 7 ±10 6.0% ±8.4Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 11,357 ±22,457 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 6 ±9 5.2% ±7.6Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 10 ±10 8.6% ±8.1

Families 84 ±35 84 (X)Less than $10,000 27 ±23 32.1% ±23.9$10,000 to $14,999 5 ±7 6.0% ±8.0$15,000 to $24,999 1 ±13 1.2% ±15.7$25,000 to $34,999 12 ±10 14.3% ±10.2$35,000 to $49,999 25 ±17 29.8% ±16.7$50,000 to $74,999 6 ±8 7.1% ±8.6$75,000 to $99,999 2 ±3 2.4% ±3.4$100,000 to $149,999 4 ±14 4.8% ±16.5$150,000 to $199,999 1 ±3 1.2% ±3.5$200,000 or more 1 ±2 1.2% ±2.3Median family income (dollars) 31,000 ±16,554 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 36,558 ±4,405 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 13,826 ±7,607 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 32 ±16 32 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 20,357 ±2,595 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 22,656 ±6,901 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 21,563 ±7,395 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

30,625 ±19,576 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

25,000 ±13,489 (X) (X)

15


HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 285 ±114 285 (X)With health insurance coverage 255 ±80 89.5% ±45.5With private health insurance 134 ±47 47.0% ±25.0With public coverage 156 ±66 54.7% ±7.2No health insurance coverage 30 ±31 10.5% ±9.9

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 80 ±59 80 (X)No health insurance coverage 9 ±16 11.3% ±18.7

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 138 ±57 138 (X)In labor force: 61 ±37 61 (X)Employed: 61 ±37 61 (X)With health insurance coverage 47 ±34 77.0% ±30.4With private health insurance 46 ±34 75.4% ±31.9With public coverage 1 ±2 1.6% ±3.1No health insurance coverage 14 ±13 23.0% ±16.1

Unemployed: 0 ±13 0 (X)With health insurance coverage 0 ±13 .% ±.With private health insurance 0 ±13 .% ±.With public coverage 0 ±13 .% ±.No health insurance coverage 0 ±13 .% ±.

Not in labor force: 77 ±42 77 (X)With health insurance coverage 70 ±41 90.9% ±19.4With private health insurance 27 ±21 35.1% ±19.4With public coverage 46 ±28 59.7% ±16.1No health insurance coverage 7 ±8 9.1% ±9.1

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 39.3% ±24.9 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 67.5% ±38.5 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±1125.8 (X) (X)

Married couple families 18.8% ±21.1 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 25.0% ±45.8 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±1300.0 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 85.7% ±34.0 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 100.0% ±141.0 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only.% ±. (X) (X)

All people 40.7% ±24.1 (X) (X)Under 18 years 69.6% ±29.3 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 69.6% ±42.4 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 0.0% ±562.9 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 73.3% ±41.0 (X) (X)

18 years and over 29.6% ±17.4 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 36.0% ±20.9 (X) (X)65 years and over 16.4% ±30.7 (X) (X)

People in families 43.2% ±27.5 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 22.9% ±13.1 (X) (X)

16


Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 174 ±46 174 (X)

Occupied housing units 116 ±39 66.7% ±13.8Vacant housing units 58 ±26 33.3% ±12.1

Homeowner vacancy rate 0.0 ±16.9 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 11.4 ±16.7 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 174 ±46 174 (X)

1-unit, detached 122 ±33 70.1% ±4.01-unit, attached 4 ±4 2.3% ±2.22 units 4 ±8 2.3% ±4.63 or 4 units 9 ±10 5.2% ±5.65 to 9 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.510 to 19 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.520 or more units 0 ±18 0.0% ±10.6Mobile home 35 ±20 20.1% ±10.2Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.5

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 174 ±46 174 (X)

Built 2014 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.5Built 2010 to 2013 2 ±4 1.1% ±2.3Built 2000 to 2009 28 ±20 16.1% ±10.7Built 1990 to 1999 36 ±22 20.7% ±10.7Built 1980 to 1989 10 ±10 5.7% ±5.5Built 1970 to 1979 27 ±19 15.5% ±10.1Built 1960 to 1969 12 ±9 6.9% ±4.8Built 1950 to 1959 30 ±17 17.2% ±8.6Built 1940 to 1949 2 ±4 1.1% ±2.3Built 1939 or earlier 27 ±16 15.5% ±8.2

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 174 ±46 174 (X)

1 room 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.52 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.53 rooms 4 ±5 2.3% ±2.84 rooms 50 ±22 28.7% ±10.15 rooms 60 ±31 34.5% ±15.36 rooms 39 ±19 22.4% ±9.27 rooms 16 ±13 9.2% ±7.18 rooms 5 ±6 2.9% ±3.49 rooms or more 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.5Median rooms 5.1 ±0.3 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 174 ±46 174 (X)

No bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.51 bedroom 9 ±9 5.2% ±5.02 bedrooms 77 ±28 44.3% ±11.03 bedrooms 81 ±29 46.6% ±11.24 bedrooms 7 ±9 4.0% ±5.15 or more bedrooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.5

17


HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 116 ±39 116 (X)

Owner-occupied 77 ±28 66.4% ±9.2Renter-occupied 39 ±23 33.6% ±16.3

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.40 ±0.43 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 2.56 ±1.10 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 116 ±39 116 (X)

Moved in 2017 or later 7 ±8 6.0% ±6.2Moved in 2015 to 2016 2 ±14 1.7% ±12.0Moved in 2010 to 2014 42 ±24 36.2% ±17.0Moved in 2000 to 2009 27 ±17 23.3% ±12.4Moved in 1990 to 1999 18 ±19 15.5% ±15.6Moved in 1989 or earlier 20 ±18 17.2% ±14.1

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 116 ±39 116 (X)

No vehicles available 4 ±6 3.4% ±4.71 vehicle available 69 ±30 59.5% ±16.02 vehicles available 30 ±19 25.9% ±13.63 or more vehicles available 13 ±24 11.2% ±20.7

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 116 ±39 116 (X)

Utility gas 12 ±9 10.3% ±6.9Bottled, tank, or LP gas 2 ±3 1.7% ±2.5Electricity 101 ±39 87.1% ±16.5Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±11.2Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±11.2Wood 1 ±4 0.9% ±3.4Solar energy 0 ±13 0.0% ±11.2Other fuel 0 ±13 0.0% ±11.2No fuel used 0 ±13 0.0% ±11.2

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 116 ±39 116 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±11.2Lacking complete kitchen facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±11.2No telephone service available 10 ±19 8.6% ±16.2

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 116 ±39 116 (X)

1.00 or less 116 ±37 100.0% ±46.11.01 to 1.50 0 ±18 0.0% ±15.81.51 or more 0 ±26 0.0% ±22.4

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 77 ±28 77 (X)

Less than $50,000 23 ±30 29.9% ±37.3$50,000 to $99,999 30 ±19 39.0% ±20.2$100,000 to $149,999 17 ±14 22.1% ±15.7$150,000 to $199,999 2 ±13 2.6% ±17.3$200,000 to $299,999 2 ±13 2.6% ±17.3$300,000 to $499,999 3 ±5 3.9% ±6.3$500,000 to $999,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±23.9$1,000,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±29.2Median (dollars) 74,200 ±26,324 (X) (X)

18


MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 77 ±28 77 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 18 ±12 23.4% ±13.1Housing units without a mortgage 59 ±25 76.6% ±16.7

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 18 ±12 18 (X)

Less than $500 2 ±23 11.1% ±126.0$500 to $999 10 ±20 55.6% ±106.5$1,000 to $1,499 4 ±15 22.2% ±83.5$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±72.2$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±72.2$2,500 to $2,999 2 ±3 11.1% ±14.9$3,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±125.1Median (dollars) 900 ±198 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 59 ±25 59 (X)Less than $250 14 ±18 23.7% ±28.7$250 to $399 21 ±14 35.6% ±17.4$400 to $599 17 ±19 28.8% ±30.0$600 to $799 5 ±15 8.5% ±25.6$800 to $999 1 ±13 1.7% ±22.3$1,000 or more 1 ±29 1.7% ±49.5Median (dollars) 325 ±94 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

18 ±22 18 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 4 ±14 22.2% ±70.820.0 to 24.9 percent 2 ±3 11.1% ±9.425.0 to 29.9 percent 1 ±2 5.6% ±8.730.0 to 34.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±72.235.0 percent or more 11 ±11 61.1% ±98.0

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

59 ±34 59 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 22 ±15 37.3% ±13.410.0 to 14.9 percent 10 ±11 16.9% ±15.815.0 to 19.9 percent 12 ±12 20.3% ±16.620.0 to 24.9 percent 3 ±4 5.1% ±6.125.0 to 29.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±22.030.0 to 34.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±22.035.0 percent or more 12 ±18 20.3% ±28.2


GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 33 ±22 33 (X)

Less than $500 11 ±31 33.3% ±92.1$500 to $999 22 ±29 66.7% ±74.9$1,000 to $1,499 0 ±18 0.0% ±55.7$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±39.4$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±39.4$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±39.4$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±55.7Median (dollars) 528 ±92 (X) (X)

No rent paid 6 ±9 (X) (X)

19


GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

20 ±24 20 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 4 ±15 20.0% ±72.615.0 to 19.9 percent 4 ±7 20.0% ±25.820.0 to 24.9 percent 2 ±3 10.0% ±9.325.0 to 29.9 percent 1 ±4 5.0% ±19.130.0 to 34.9 percent 5 ±7 25.0% ±18.835.0 percent or more 4 ±14 20.0% ±66.8


20


Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 285 ±114 285 (X)

Male 112 ±50 39.3% ±7.8Female 173 ±73 60.7% ±8.2Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 64.7 ±9.4 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 4 ±6 1.4% ±1.95 to 9 years 1 ±14 0.4% ±4.810 to 14 years 44 ±30 15.4% ±8.715 to 19 years 31 ±27 10.9% ±8.420 to 24 years 14 ±29 4.9% ±10.125 to 34 years 25 ±18 8.8% ±5.435 to 44 years 40 ±26 14.0% ±7.145 to 54 years 41 ±24 14.4% ±5.955 to 59 years 15 ±12 5.3% ±3.760 to 64 years 3 ±23 1.1% ±8.165 to 74 years 18 ±23 6.3% ±7.775 to 84 years 48 ±29 16.8% ±7.685 years and over 1 ±14 0.4% ±4.8

Median age (years) 43.2 ±13.4 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 79 ±41 27.7% ±9.216 years and over 227 ±86 79.6% ±43.918 years and over 206 ±69 72.3% ±37.821 years and over 205 ±66 71.9% ±36.962 years and over 67 ±44 23.5% ±12.065 years and over 67 ±39 23.5% ±10.2

18 years and over 206 ±69 206 (X)Male 80 ±45 38.8% ±17.7Female 126 ±53 61.2% ±15.1Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 63.5 ±24.2 (X) (X)

65 years and over 67 ±39 67 (X)Male 18 ±27 26.9% ±36.4Female 49 ±29 73.1% ±6.2Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 36.7 ±49.7 (X) (X)

21


RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 285 ±114 285 (X)

One race 283 ±113 99.3% ±56.1Two or more races 2 ±4 0.7% ±1.4One race 283 ±113 99.3% ±56.1

White 275 ±112 96.5% ±7.4Black or African American 5 ±8 1.8% ±2.7American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6

Asian 3 ±5 1.1% ±1.7Asian Indian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Chinese 0 ±18 0.0% ±6.5Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Japanese 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Korean 3 ±5 1.1% ±1.7Vietnamese 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Other Asian 0 ±54 0.0% ±18.8

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±12.9

Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Two or more races 2 ±4 0.7% ±1.4

White and Black or African American 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6White and American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6White and Asian 2 ±4 0.7% ±1.4Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 285 ±114 285 (X)

White 277 ±113 97.2% ±7.8Black or African American 5 ±8 1.8% ±2.7American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Asian 5 ±9 1.8% ±3.1Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 285 ±114 285 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Mexican 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Puerto Rican 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Cuban 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Other Hispanic or Latino 0 ±26 0.0% ±9.1

Not Hispanic or Latino 285 ±114 100.0% ±0.0White alone 275 ±112 96.5% ±7.4Black or African American alone 5 ±8 1.8% ±2.7American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Asian alone 3 ±5 1.1% ±1.7Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Two or more races 2 ±4 0.7% ±1.4Two races including Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.6Two races excluding Some other race, and 2 ±4 0.7% ±1.4Three or more races

22


CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 206 ±59 206 (X)

Male 80 ±33 38.8% ±11.3Female 126 ±49 61.2% ±16.3

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-18 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

23

Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2014-2018 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

demographic proﬁle: rentz - atlanta regional...

Documents