democracy and the middle ages

8/2/2019 Democracy and the Middle Ages

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Karl_1_mit_papst_gelasius_gregor1_sacramentar_v_karl_d_kahlen.jpg


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What is a Democracy? Its a system of government where the people have

freedom of political choice Created by the Ancient Greeks

Plato

What are other forms ofgovernment?

The 4 Rs Representative Government Rule by Law Individual Rights Reason


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RepresentativeGovernment

Modern democracies are

not true democracies Today we elect officials

to work in ourgovernment

This is known asRepresentative Democracy

Elected officials representthe people


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Rule by Law No person is above

the law in ademocracy

Most democracieshave writtenconstitutions

Laws can be changedby a majority vote

Unjust laws can bechallenged

Martin Luther King Jr.


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Individual Rights Every person (rich or poor) has the

same individual rights in ademocracy

Elected government is expected toprotect the peoples civil rights

Civil Liberties are the protections

that the law gives to peoplesfreedom of thought and action Civil Liberties include freedom of

speech, freedom of press and freedomof religion
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Reason Democracies base

their decisions onreasoned argumentrather than ontraditions that defylogic

Many debatewhether or not thecommon people arecapable ofconducting ademocracy


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First organized governmentswere created 500o years ago

Early peoples needed a way to

organize large-scale buildingprojects

First organized governments

were established inMesopotamia, Egypt, Indiaand China

They were ruled by monarchs,

kings and pharaohs


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2,500 years ago the firstdemocratic government tookshape in Greece

Democracy means Rule by thepeople

Greek Democracy

Rational thought, citizenshipand political freedomestablished

Roman Democracy

Created Law


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Athens had a puredemocracy

All adult males were part of the

legislature They met 40 times a year to

decide public issues

They declared war, signed treaties,

and spent tax money The poorest person had the same

vote as the richest person

Athens has been described

as a government of amateurs


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Greeks demanded that all adultmales participated in thedemocratic process

We do not say that a man whotakes no interest in politics is a

man who minds his ownbusiness, we say that he has nobusiness here at all

-Greek Statesman Pericles


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The Greeks were the firstpeople to make scientificinvestigations and studies ofhuman culture

Before the Greeks everythingwas interpreted by myths

Greeks invented natural law The rules of nature could be

discovered by human beings

through careful observation andreasoned inquiry

Greeks made greatadvancements in science,literature, and politics


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What was the Roman Empires major contribution to moderndemocracy?

What was the Greeks major contribution to Modern democracy? True or False: It was mandatory for an adult Greek male to

participate in Democracy. The First forms of government appeared where? What was the

original purpose of government? Define: Representative democracy, Rule by Law, Civil Rights.

What nation came up with the idea of citizenship? What is the name of modern day Mesopotamia? What are the 4 Rs? President Obama gave his speech to Congress two nights ago.

What controversial event happened during the speech?


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Romans createdlaws that theircitizens had to

follow Laws were created

by the republic Roman laws were

based on reason andjustice and weredesigned to protectcitizens and their

property

ROMAN LAWS

No one should sufferpenalty for what they think

The guilt or punishment ofa father can impose nostigma upon the son

In inflicting penalties, theage of the guilty party

must be considered


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Ancient Hebrews or Jews First religion to believe in only

one god

Hebrews believed that Godgave all humans moralfreedom

The ability to choose betweengood and evil

This belief led to a newemphasis on individual worth


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Hebrews were openlyagainst War

Oppression Greed

Believed all people had theright to be treated with justiceand dignity

In the 1st century a teachercame along who do you

think it was?


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Jesus adopted the viewsof the Hebrews

Christians spread their

beliefs as opposed to theJews who kept theirbeliefs to themselves

Christianity has helpedshape democracy bypreaching individual selfworth


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Early Middle Ages 500-1000A.D.

After the fall of the Roman

Empire, European focusshifted to the north The Franks

Between 400 and 700

Germanic tribes carved upEurope

In 486 A.D. King Clovisconverted the Franks to

Christianity


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Europe and the Muslim World The religion of Islam appears in

Arabia in 622 A.D.

Muslim armies overran Christianterritories in Palestine, NorthAfrica and Spain

Muslims tried to overrun the

Francs in France but lost This made the Christians believe that

God was on their side

Muslims were a source of anxiety

for the Christians


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The Age of Charlemagne

Also known as Charles the Great

He loved battle and spent much

of his reign battling the Muslims He was a Christian Emperor

He was crowned by Pope Leo III

as the Emperor of the Romans Charlemagne tried to create a

unified Christian Europe

He also created a revival oflearning


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After Charlemagne Charlemagne dies in 814

His empire soon fell apart

His heirs battled for power for 30years

Treaty of Verdun was created and itsplit up Europe into 3 regions

Charlemagnes heirs faced newwaves of invasion from Muslims

The Vikings also snapped up a part ofCharlemagne's empire They were extremely destructive raiders


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In the face of invasions by Vikings,Muslims and Magyars, kings andemperors were too weak tomaintain law and order

In order to protect their homes, landsand themselves they developed asystem known as Feudalism

Peasants and Lords agreed on a feudalcontract

Tenants-in-chief gave lords a fief orestates Fiefs came with Peasants to work the land In exchange Lords promised to protect

peasants


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What King converted the Francs to Christianity? Who was Charles the Great? What two religions were fighting during the time period we

discussed last period? What was Judeo-Christians major contribution to democracy? What is Feudalism? Draw the Feudalism triangle?

What is another name for a peasant? What is an estate?

How do peasants benefit from Feudalism? How do lords benefit from Feudalism? Unemployment for the nation hit a 20 year record of 9.7%. What is

Californias unemployment rate?


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Peasants and Manor Life

Manor the Lords estate

Serf Peasant

Mutual Obligations Serfs worked the land for the lords,

repaired roads, bridges and fences

In return Lords gave serfs a fewacres to use for themselves

Serfs were offered protection fromViking raids and feudal warfare

Serfs were not allowed to leave themanor


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The World of Nobles Many nobles trained from

boyhood to become knights

In the 1100s knights competedin tournaments

Powerful lords fortified theirhomes by creating castles

around them

Castles often contained moats,draw bridges, towers and highwalls


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Chivalry - A code of conductthat knights followed

Knights were required to be

brave, loyal and true to theirword

In warfare they were requiredto fight fairly

Knights also treated womenwith great respect
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/4/49/Jousting_Knights.jpg


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The church converted most ofEurope to Christianity

As representatives of Christ on

earth, medieval popes eventuallyclaimed Papal Supremacy orauthority over all secular rulers

The Catholic church created their

own laws Canon law

Excommunication was the worst

punishment


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The church called for the end offeudal fighting

Banned fighting from Friday to Sunday

The church had many successes These successes led to weakened

discipline within the church

Many called for reform


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Monarchs began to underminethe power of feudal nobles

Monarchs began to create armies

and taxes Monarchs strengthen ties with

the middle class therefore they

had the support of the people The church becomes the most

powerful entity throughoutEurope


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Pope Urban II Calls for the first crusade in order to

battle the Turks (Muslims) By doing this he hoped that if his

knights fought the Muslims they wouldstop fighting each other and it wouldunify Europe

1st Crusade 1096-1099 The only crusade to come close to

achieving its goal A long bloody campaign that resulting

in Christian knights capturingJerusalem in 1099

They then killed all Muslim and Jewishresidents in the city


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The Crusades lasted for 200years

The 2nd Crusade 1147-1148 Muslims capture the city of Edessa

Bernard of Clairvaux calls for a newcrusade against the Muslims

An unsuccessful crusade

The foolish attack of Damascus The 3rd Crusade 1189-1192 Jerusalem recaptured by the

Muslims and a leader by the

name of Salah al-Din


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The 3rd Crusade Pope Gregory VIII calls for the 3rd

Crusade

Richard I of England joined thiscrusade

During this crusade the Christiansbelieved that the Mediterraneanwould open up so they could walk tothe holy land It didnt happen

Another failed crusade


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The 4th Crusade 1200-1204 Called for by Pope Innocent III

Tried to get to the holy land (Jerusalem)through Egypt

Made it to Constantinople where theywere sacked (overrun) by the Muslims

The Childrens Crusade 1212 30,000 French children, 7,000 German

children

Goal was to retake the holy land

All children were killed or sold intoslavery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:SiegeofAntioch.jpeg


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Left a bitter legacy of religioushatred

Both Christians and Muslimscommitted many atrocities

Economic Expansion Increased Power of Monarchs Churches power increases Gave Christians a wider world

view and the desire to exploreAsia and India Marco Polo explored China and

India and came back with manytales


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The Black Death Strikes Kills 25 million people

Spread by fleas and unsanitary

conditions Divisions develop within the

Catholic church

Many angry about the crusades andthe black death


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Who called for the 4th Crusade? Who called for the 3rd Crusade? Who called for the 1st Crusade? Explain feudalism Which crusade was the only one that could be

considered a success and why?

How long did the crusades last? What is Chivalry? This leader of North Korea (also featured in Team

America) suffered a stroke yesterday.


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Who called for the 4th Crusade? Who called for the 3rd Crusade? Who called for the 1st Crusade? Explain feudalism Which crusade was the only one that could be considered a

success and why? How long did the crusades last? What is Chivalry? How many people did the Black Death kill in Europe?

What allowed the Black Death to spread so easily? What explorer visited China and India and came back withamazing tales?

Name 3 effects of the crusades This former President criticized Congressmen Joe Wilson for

his outburst during President Obamas speech.


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1337 1453 Causes

Englands King Edward III tried to claimthe French crown and French land

English Victories

At first England won many of the firstbattles thanks to the longbow its

range was far superior to that of aregular bow and arrow

England was very close to taking all ofFrance over

French moral was very low


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Joan of Arc 1429 A 17 year old peasant told the

King of France Charles VII that Godhad chosen her to save France

She inspired the French and ledthem to many victories

She was taken captive by allies andturned over to the English

They tried her as a witch and burner

her at the stake This rallied the French and they

went on the offensive With their new invention, the canon

they drove the English out of France


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Effects Englands dream of a continental

English empire was shattered

The victory allowed the French tospread their power

France felt a strong sense ofnational pride

The Longbow and Canonchanged warfare

Monarchs now needed large

armies to fight wars


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Upheaval in the church The Black Death killed many members of the church

The replacements lacked strong leadership

1309 Pope Clement V relocates the Papal court toAvignon (Southern France)

This is known as Babylonian Captivity

Pope lived lavishly
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Reformers elect their ownPope to rule from Rome

This lead to the Great

Schism The Catholic church splits

For many years there were

two or three Popes all ofwhich claimed to be theTrue Pope

1417 The schism ends
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Emblem_of_the_Papacy.svg


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1. Colorado2. Louisiana3. Pennsylvania4. Georgia5. New Mexico6. Maine

7. New Jersey8. Illinois9. Oregon

10. New York11. Michigan12. Virginia13. South Dakota14. Idaho15. Tennessee


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Who came up with the idea of democracy? Name the 4 Rs essential to a modern

democracy.

What is a Pure Democracy? What is a Representative Democracy? What does Rule by Law mean?

Can the majority rule while the minority stillexpresses their opinions? What is this knownas?

How does Reasoned debate change laws?


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1. Define: natural law, republic, Judeo-Christiantradition.

2. Describe the direct democracy that Athens set upduring its golden age.

3. How did Greek philosophers question old ways oflooking at the world?

4. How did the Roman Empire influence the

development of democracy in the Western World?5. How did the Hebrew idea of Gods nature lead to a

new emphasis on individual worth?6. In what way were the Jews different than

Christians regarding their beliefs?


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1. Define: natural law, republic, Judeo-Christiantradition.

2. Describe the direct democracy that Athens set upduring its golden age.

3. How did Greek philosophers question old ways oflooking at the world?

4. How did the Roman Empire influence thedevelopment of democracy in the Western World?

5. How did the Hebrew idea of Gods nature lead to anew emphasis on individual worth?

6. In what way were the Jews different than Christiansregarding their beliefs?


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1. Describe 3 features of feudal society2. What obligations did lords and vassals have

under the feudal system?3. How did the code of chivalry affect medievalideas about women?

4. What responsibilities did the peasant have

toward the lord of the manor?5. What responsibilities did the lord of the

manor have toward the peasants?


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Complete Study

Guide Make

sure it is typed


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What spread the Black Death? What conditionshelped the disease spread?

What two long range weapons came out of the

crusades that caused monarchs to create largerarmies? What countries were responsible for theseweapons?

Explain what turned the tide of the hundred yearswar. Who was fighting? What effects did the crusades have on Europe? Who was Marco Polo?


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Test covers

pages 180-230

In your book

democracy and the middle ages

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