dekati sac-65 cyclone...the dekati® cyclone is provided with a calculation sheet which is used to...

Removal of large particlesaccording to EPA 201A

Combustion aerosolmeasurements

Isokinetic sampling

Dekati® SAC-65Cyclone

Excellence in Particle Measurements

Nominal flow rate 10 lpm

Nominal cutpoint D50 10 μm

Inlet R 3/8”

Outlet R 1/2”

Operation temperature range < 600 °C

Weight 1.4 kg

DimensionsHeight 127 mm + outlet connectormax diameter

With inlet nozzle 130 mm

Without inlet nozzle 79 mm

Material Stainless steel

Dekati® Cyclone is an EPA-standard cyclone for removal

of large particles from a sample stream. The cyclone can

be used in high temperatures due to its all-stainless steel

construction.

Dekati® Cyclone is manufactured according to EPA standard201A. With standard isokinetic nozzles available as acces-sories, the Dekati® Cyclone is a highly durable addition toany sampling line where removal of large particles is needed.The cyclone can also be used in an out-stack configurationwith heaters, also available from Dekati as accessories.

The Dekati® Cyclone is provided with a calculation sheetwhich is used to easily calculate the exact cyclone cut-point in different operating conditions. The calculation ismade according to EPA standard 201A.

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Dekati Ltd.Osuusmyllynkatu 13FIN-33700 TampereFinlandTel. int. +358 3 3578 100Fax int. +358 3 3578 140E-mail [email protected]

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Dekati Ltd. is specialized in the design and manufactureof innovative fine particle measuring and sampling devices.Since its founding in 1994, Dekati has become the techno-logical market leader in producing fine particle measurementinstrumentation for various applications and hundreds ofcustomers.

Dekati® SAC-65Cyclone

Specifications

For more information, please contact: [email protected]

Accessories

Sampling probe set for isokinetic sampling (SAC–100).Material: stainless steel.

Isokinetic probe diameters mm3.45 3.81 4.16 4.57 5.0 5.465.92 6.71 7.62 8.69 9.9

Using the Cyclone heating jacket the Dekati® Cyclonecan be heated up to 200 ºC.

230V SH-2223110V SH-2211

Temperature controller for the Cyclone heater

230V DR-1623110V DR-1611

Dekati® PM10 impactorfor measuring PM10,PM2.5 and PM1.PM10 and PM2.5measurementaccording toISO 23210:2009.

Dekati® DAD-100Axial Diluter


Suitable for wide rangeof applications

On-board sample conditioning

High temperature operation

Dekati® Axial Diluter DAD-100 is a simple and cost-effective

dilution tool for any dilution task. Especially designed for

use with Dekati® instruments, the DAD-100 is very simple

to install in any sampling or measurement system. An all-

stainless steel design also makes it possible to heat the

diluter up to 500°C.

The operation principle of the DAD-100 is based on axialdilution of the sample in which the dilution air is introducedas ‘sheath flow’ around the raw sample. This type of dilutionis beneficial due to very low losses for all particle sizes. Inorder to calculate the dilution ratio, the amount of sampledrawn by the measurement instruments and the flow ofdilution air needs to be known accurately. The amount ofdilution air is controlled accurately in the DAD-100 with ahigh-quality needle valve which is adjusted and locked intoplace during calibration at Dekati. If the DAD-100 is usedwith Dekati® instruments, the amount of drawn sample isvery accurately known and can be found in the instrumentspecific data sheet. The DAD-100 is delivered with a cali-bration certificate and an easy-to-use Excel sheet whichcan be used to calculate the dilution ratio in any conditions.

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Dekati® DAD-100Axial Diluter

Specifications


Undiluted sample flow 0.1-10 lpm (1-3 lpm typical)

Dilution air flow 1-30 lpm typical.Check instrument datasheetfor exact value

Outlet flow Undiluted sample flow +Dilution air flow

Dilution ratio Delivered with fixed setting as agreed with customer

Undiluted sample Up to 500°C temperature range

Undiluted sample Check measurementpressure range instrument specifications

Operation pressure Check instrument datasheet

Material AISI 316 (Stainless Steel)

Inlet pipe 12 mm

Outlet pipe 12 mm

Pressurised air inlet 12 mm female Swagelok

Pressure sensor range 0-4000 mbar abs

Dilution air

Undilutedaerosol

Diluted aerosol drawn outby the measurementinstrument

Accessories

DH-1723 Pressurised air heaterDR-1823 Temperature controller for pressurised air heaterFor heated dilution

ELA-230 Dekati® ThermodenuderFor removal of volatile and semi-volatilehydrocarbons from auto-motive exhaust

High precisionneedle valve

Dekati® Thermodenuder

Easy conditioning of automotive exhaust

Optimised removal of volatile hydrocarbons

Increased measurementrepeatability


Flow rate 10–20 lpm

Maximum operating temperature 300 ºC

Cooling medium Air or water

Weight 7.5 kg without filter cartridges

Dimensions

Length: 95 cmWidth: 22 cm

Inlet 12/10 mm pipe

Outlet R 1/2”, inner diameter of theconnector should be 10 mm

Electric power 230V/350W110V/350W

Dekati Thermodenuder makes detailed studies of soot

particles possible by removing volatiles from automotive

exhaust. Removal of the volatiles eliminates unwanted

sample transformations. The high flow rate of the instru-

ment makes it an ideal tool for use with ELPI™ (Electrical

Low Pressure Impactor) and DMM (Dekati Mass Monitor),

also manufactured by Dekati Ltd.

Volatile and semi-volatile compounds cause variability inmeasured particle size and concentration through conden-sation and nucleation. These effects can be eliminated byusing the Dekati Thermodenuder. Volatile compounds arevaporised in an aerosol heater, which heats the sample toover 250 °C. After heating, the sample enters the adsorbersection, where the vaporised compounds are adsorbed inactive charcoal. The active charcoal is in the form of easilyreplaceable cartridges, also available from Dekati Ltd.

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Dekati® Thermodenuder

Specifications


The active charcoal is inthe form of easily replaceableactive carbon cartridges, whichmakes the use and maintenance ofthe Dekati Thermodenuder very easy.

The effect of Dekati Thermodenuder on a particle size distributionwith a nucleation mode consisting of volatile particles.

The procedure for conditioning of the sample consistsof three steps:1. Connect cooling medium2. Connect measurement instruments and3. Turn on the heater.

The Dekati Thermodenuder can be effectively used in acombination with any other Dekati dilution or real-timemeasurement device.

Accessories

Active carbon cartridges

Dekati® DI-1000Diluter

Combustion aerosol dilution

Controlled sample conditioning

High temperature operation


Sample in Sample out

Accessories

DI-2000 Two diluter package

• two diluters for a double diluter-setup

DI-2003 Accessories for a full double diluter-setup

• Includes all necessary accessories for a completeheated dilution system for combustion measurements:

• DH-1523 Insulated diluter heater• DR-1623 Heater temperature controller• DH-1723 Pressurised air heater• DR-1823 Temperature controller for press. air heater• DI-1010b Pressurised air regulator and dust filter• DI-1011 Exhaust valve for reversed flow• DI-1019 90 angle joint for exhaust valve set• DI-1030 Exhaust connection hose

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Dekati® DI-1000Diluter


Sample air flow (inlet) ~7 lpm

Diluted sample flow (outlet) 60 lpm

Dilution ratio 1:8

Dilution air pressure 2 bar gauge

Operating conditions:Temperature 0–450 °C

Weight 2.8 kg

Total length 360 mm

Maximum diameter 120 mm

Inlet 12 mm pipe

Outlet 12 mm pipe

Exhaust 12 mm pipe

Dilution air 8 mm female pipe connector

Material AISI 316 (Stainless steel)

Gaskets Copper

SpecificationsDekati® Diluter DI-1000 is a low-cost, simple and easy-

to-operate device for diluting aerosol and gaseous samples

from any source. The simplicity and robustness of the all

stainless-steel design have made it a widely renowned

choice for the dilution of combustion aerosols.

The operation principle of the DI-1000 is based on ejectiondilution. Purified pressurised dilution air flows at high speedaround an ejector nozzle and causes a pressure drop whichdraws a sample through the nozzle. The raw sample isinstantaneously diluted as it mixes with the dilution airflow,thus always providing a homogeneous and stable sample.The use of ejector dilution eliminates the need for anycomplex flow control devices or pumps. Only purifiedpressurised air is needed to operate the diluter.

Dekati® Diluter is typically applied for combustion dilutionin a two-stage ‘double diluter’ setup, where the first Dekati®

Diluter is heated and the second operates at ambienttemperature. This way unwanted condensation and nucle-ation can be eliminated and the measured results are morestable.

In addition, with this setup a sample can be taken directlyfrom the tailpipe thus eliminating the need for large full-flowsampling systems to carry out particle or gas measurements.

The nominal dilution ratio for a single Dekati® Diluter is1:8. Every Dekati® Diluter is individually calibrated withtraceably calibrated flow and pressure sensors and providedwith an individual calibration certificate and data sheet.Dekati® Diluters are also available in custom dilution ratios.Please contact Dekati Ltd. for more information.

Dekati double dilutersetup for combustionmeasurements

DEEDDekati® EngineExhaust Diluter

Sample conditioning according toPMP recommendation

Compatible with all particle numberand mass measurement systems

Vehicle and stack emission measurements


Challenge

Particle emission regulation for automotive engine exhausthas been solely based on emitted particulate mass. Whilemass measurement has proven to be a reliable method inthe past, current and especially future emission levels fromhigh-efficiency engines equipped with emission controltechnology can be very challenging to measure with thetraditional filter method. The PMP-group was assigned todefine a sensitive and reliable measurement method whichcould be used to measure particulate emission levels atpresent and in the future.

Solution

The solution from the PMP-group was to change themeasured metric from particle mass to particle number.This approach enables the use of Condensation ParticleCounters (CPCs) which measure particle number concen-trations with high accuracy and repeatability by singleparticle counting. In order to make the particle number

DEEDDekati® Engine Exhaust Diluter

measurement as reproducible as possible, a decision wasmade to measure only solid particles above 23 nanometresand therefore to exclude volatile secondary particles fromthe measurement. This is achieved by using a PMP-recommended sample conditioning technique.

Technique

The sample is extracted from a CVS-tunnel to the sampleconditioning device which first dilutes the sample withheated dilution above 150°C. After the sample is diluted,it is heated to a temperature above 300°C to evaporate allvolatile particles. After thermal conditioning, the sampleis again diluted which reduces the particle concentrationalong with the temperature to a suitable level for theCondensation Particle Counter.

PMP-recommendation forparticle number measurement

Concept

Dekati has offered solutions for dilution and conditioningof automotive exhaust for over 10 years with experiencein different setups for research and routine measurements.The Dekati approach to PMP-conditioning is based on thisexperience and on proven, robust techniques which areguaranteed to work. The key design guidelines for theDekati® Engine Exhaust Diluter, DEED:

• Complete compliance to PMP specifications• Accurate, repeatable and reproducible particle

concentration reduction• Easy operation, no need for user training• Minimum instrument downtime• Simple and robust design


Instrument design

The Dekati® ejector diluter was chosen to be the dilutiondevice for both the first and second dilution stage. Selectionwas based on long experience from using Dekati® ejectordiluters and profound knowledge on the operation of thediluter in different conditions. In addition, the all-stainlesssteel construction with no moving parts provides the neededrobustness for long-term, problem-free operation.The schematic of the Dekati® Engine Exhaust Diluter,DEED is presented below:

Dekati approach to sampleconditioning according to PMP

Accessories

DEED-150 Post-DPF sampling probe• Enables connection of the DEED directly into

an exhaust line• Heated stainless-steel line for low-loss transfer of

exhaust particles from the tailpipe• Perforated probe eliminates pressure fluctuations

DEED-300 Pre-DPF sampling probe• Enables PMP-specified constant dilution factor

conditioning even from pre-DPF transient conditions• Uses an axial “mini-CVS” diluter + ejector diluter

combination to ensure stable operation• Increases the maximum total dilution factor of the

system to ~ 40 000 to enable CPC measurementfrom pre-dpf conditions

FPS-4001 Pressurised air filtration and drying unit• Coarse particle filter• Submicrometer particle filter• Diffusion dryer

DEED-400 Stack sampling accessories for DEED• Enables sampling of stationary source emissions

Please contact [email protected] or your local distributorfor more information on DEED accessories.

Sample outSample in

Evaporationchamber

Dilutionstage at150°C

ON/OFFDilution stage

Dilutionstage at20°C


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DEEDDekati® Engine Exhaust Diluter


Specifications

Dekati® Engine Exhaust Diluter features• Fulfils all PMP recommendations for sample conditioning• Extremely low solid particle losses

Long cleaning intervals• Simple user interface – only two operation switches

High/Low dilution factorHeating on/off

• Always constant dilution factorHigh reproducibility

• Dilution factor calibrated with solid particles• Remote AK-protocol control available

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Dilution factor ~100 (with low DR selected)~1000 (with high DR selected)Fixed points can be adjusted upon request when ordering

Dilution factor accuracy +_ 5% typical, +_10% maximumEvaporation tube temperature 300-400 °CEvaporation efficiency >99% for 30 nm tetracontane particles with

inlet concentration above 10000 #/cm3

Particle concentration reduction factor Determined according to PMP grouprecommendation

Communication AK-protocol availablePower supply 90-240 Volts, ~2 kWPressurised air requirement 120-200 SLPM 4 bar gauge*Dimensions 9U height, fits into 19" rack

* or according to the latest PMP proposal

Dekati® FPS-4000Fine ParticleSampler

Automotive exhaustand combustionaerosol dilution

Versatile samplingsystem

Real-time dilutioncondition control


Dekati® Fine Particle Sampler is a guaranteed solution

for diluting and conditioning aerosol and gaseous samples

for measurement instruments. The two stage dilution

system features unmatched versatility with applications

reaching from automotive pre- and post after-treatment

measurements to nucleation studies.

Operation PrincipleA raw sample is extracted from the source ( i.e. exhaust orflue gas) by using a stainless steel probe. The sample issubsequently diluted in two stages employing a perforatedtube and ejector dilution, respectively.

The primary dilution takes place within the perforated tubewhere the raw sample mixes with dilution air forced throughsmall pores in the perforated tube wall. The perforatedtube is housed within the primary diluter body which canbe heated or cooled. The dilution ratio of the primary dilutionstage can be adjusted by changing the dilution airflow intothe primary diluter.

The secondary dilution stage is an ejector pump whichdraws the sample from the primary dilution stage anddilutes it further. The diluted gas exiting the ejector diluteris always at an ambient pressure and temperature regardlessof the initial raw sample gas characteristics. The ejectordiluter dilution ratio has three options: low, medium or high.

Dilution temperatures and pressures are measured in real-time by a control unit enabling second-by-second dilutionratio calculation which takes changes in raw sampleproperties directly into account. The dilution air flows are

Dekati® FPS-4000Fine Particle Sampler

regulated with a valve unit which contains critical orifices foraccurate and repeatable control. Each FPS-4000 is individuallycalibrated by gas flow measurements which span all operatingconditions.

The dilution ratio calculation result is saved in real-time alongwith temperature and pressure data in an easily accessibleform for post-processing of the data. Analogue output of thedilution ratio is also available for easy integration into existingdata logging systems.

Sample in

Sample out

Primary dilution air flow

Secondary dilution air flow

ApplicationsFPS-4000 is a flexible tool for any aerosol dilution and conditioningtasks. The applications include:• Automotive exhaust dilution

Pre- and post after-treatment devices• Power plant flue gas dilution• Small-scale stationary source dilution• Aerosol transformation research for all sources

Nucleation/Condensation studiesAgglomeration studies

Dekati® FPS-4000 AdvantagesBusiness advantages

• The most versatile sampling system commercially available – Single device for all dilution tasks• Can be connected pre- and post after-treatment systems

with an adjustable dilution ratio – Increase efficiency andrepeatability by using the same setup in all measurementlocations

• Can be integrated to existing data logging systems – Save time and money with easy data collection

Technical advantages

• Real-time dilution ratio calculation and data storage• Adjustable dilution ratio and dilution temperature• Control of all features from user-friendly PC-software• Sophisticated handling of volatile vapours

Removal with heated dilutionNucleation tendency studies with cooled dilution anda residence time chamberRemoval with Dekati®Thermodenuder

• Calibrated with traceably calibrated gas and pressure flow meters• Extremely low losses – no loss correction needed

Particle residence time within the system < 0.5 secondsParticles travel on a straight line, no bends or moving parts


Full stack sampling setup FPS-4503

Includes the following items for a comprehensivedilution and conditioning system for stack or large ductsampling:

• DH-1723 Pressurised air heater for dilution air

For heated dilution air up to 350°C• FPS-4230 Stack heater, optional pre-cut cyclone

and one nozzle for isokinetic sampling

For large stacks, includes an optional2.5 μm-cut mini-cyclone

• ELA-419, set of 5 sampling nozzles for the mini-

cyclone

For isokinetic sampling

Residence Time ChamberELA-400

Residence Time Chamber is used innucleation studies to give the nucleatedparticles time to grow into the measure-ment range of the measurement instru-ments. The Residence Time Chamberis directly applied between the primaryand secondary dilution stages.

Dekati® Thermodenuder ELA-230

Dekati® Thermodenuder always guarantees a dry sootmode of particles for measurement from automotiveexhaust sources. The Thermodenuder removes volatilevapours and particles by using a combination of heatingand active carbon.

AccessoriesFull automotive sampling setupFPS-4403

Includes the following items for a comprehensivedilution and conditioning system for automotive andany small-scale application:

• DH-1723 Pressurised air heater for dilution air

For heated dilution air up to 350°C• DH-1423 Probe heater

For heating the dilution probe• FPS-4001 Pressurised air filtration and drying unit

For conditioning the dilution air to eliminate dilution artefacts

• FPS-4005 Automatic pressure controller

For automatic control of the FPS operating pressure

• ELA-424 Mobile rack for Dekati® instruments

For easy transfer of instruments between measurement locations

Available for 230V and 110V

• FPS-4001 Pressurised air filtration and drying unit

For conditioning the dilution air to eliminate dilution artefacts

• FPS-4005 Automatic pressure controller

For automatic control of the FPS operating pressure

• ELA-424 Mobile rack for Dekati® instruments.

Can house either FPS+DMM or FPS+ELPI,

must be specified when ordering.

For easy transfer of instruments between measurement locations

• ELA-441 Extension cable set (8 m)

For increased flexibility in placement of the samplingprobe

Available for 230V and 110V

SoftwareDekati® FPS-4000 is fully controlled viaan RS-232 port by using the LabView-based FPSVi programme. FPSVi featureseasy and simple control of dilution ratioand temperature through a user-friendlyinterface. All measured and calculatedinformation is stored in a user-definedfile for easy access. Additional analogueinputs and temperature signals can alsobe logged into the FPSVi save file.

Data acquisition

Computer requirement Pentium processor, 16 MB RAM,MS-WINDOWS NT 4.0™, XP™ or 2000™

PC/Laptop connection RS232Analogue input 2 x 1-5 VAnalogue output (dilution ratio) 1-5 VK-type thermocouples 8 channelsPressures 2 x 4-20 mA

Specifications

Coolers and heaters

Primary probe cooler VortexTM type cooler (Accessory)Probe heater 350 WDilution air heater 1000 WThermodenuder heater 350 W

Hardware Specifications

Dimensions 560 mm x 410 mm x 310 mm(can be mounted in a 19” rack)

Weight 30 kgMaterial AISI 316 (stainless steel)Power consumption 1 earthed electrical power outlet, Max. 2000 WConnectionsProbe inlet NW40 flange or 6 mm drilled through

pipe connector (eg. Swagelok®, Gyrolok®)Probe outlet NW40 flange or 1-5 pcs. of 12x1 mm tubePressurised air inlets Quick connector for 10 mm plastic tube

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Dekati® FPS-4000Fine Particle Sampler


SpecificationsDilution specifications

Dilution ratios* 1:20-1:200Dilution temperature 0-350°CPrimary diluter 1:3-1:20Secondary (ejector) diluter 1:7-1:15Raw sample temperature 0-600°CRaw sample pressure 750-2000 mbar absPurified pressurised air for dilutionParticle concentration recommended < 100 / ccRH non-condensing at –40 °CPressure (absolute) max. 9 bar abs min. 6 bar absOperating pressure 4.5 bar absFlow rate (at 1.013 bar, 20ºC) max. 220 lpmFlows (at 1.013 bar, 20ºC)

Sample flow 0-10 lpmPrimary dilution air flow 2-40 lpmSecondary dilution air flow 40-140 lpmDiluted sample flow 60-160 lpm

Cooling agent pressurised air or waterPressurised air for cooling 3-8 bar, 600 lpm, moisture free

*Dilution ratio displayed within +/- 10% of reading*Dilution ratio over 100 achievable only with a stable inlet pressure*Dilution ratio adjustable in discrete steps with at least one step between 100 and 200

The Dekati® Fine Particle Sampler has been specially designed to comply with the standardcriteria of the European Union’s DG-TREN Particulates Project for harmonized particlemeasurements. It incorporates the requirements of modern particle sampling instruments forboth scientific research and industrial quality control measurements.

FPSsampling probe

dekati sac-65 cyclone...the dekati® cyclone is provided with a calculation sheet which is used to...

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