DEFORESTATION

Content

1. Introduction: Deforestation

2. Current Situation of our Rainforests

3. Causes of Deforestation

4. Short & Long Term Effects of Deforestation

5. Short & Long Term Solutions

6. Case Study

7. Conclusion

Introduction

Introduction: Deforestation

• Forests cover 31% of the land area on our planet

• They produce vital oxygen and provide homes for

people and wildlife

• Many of the world’s most threatened and

endangered animals live in these forests

• 1.6 billion people rely on benefits forests offer,

including food, fresh water, clothing, traditional

medicine and shelter

Current Situation of our Rainforests

Top 10 Countries with Highest Deforestation

Country Deforested Area(Hectares)

Country Deforested Area(Hectares)

Brazil 3,466,000 Peru 224,600

Indonesia 1,447,800 USA 215,200

Russia 532,200 Bolivia 135,200

Mexico 395,000 Sudan 117,807

Papua New Guinea 250,200 Nigeria 82,000

Current Situation in Brazil

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Case Study: Amazon RainforestEvents Year Description

1960s Colonists began establishing farms within theforest via slash-and-burn method

1970s Construction began on the Trans-AmazonianHighway, paving roads and making it easier totransport timbre

1990 – 2000s Total Area forest lost in the Amazon rose by160,000 sq km to 587,000 sq km, of which 70%used for livestock pasture

2005 Use of satellite data has helped the governmentslash deforestation by 80% by allowing police topinpoint illegal activity in the forest

2013 Satellite data reported a 28% increase in

deforestation to 5,843 sq km compared to the

previous year

Case Study: Amazon Rainforest (Past 15 Years)

• While present figures are much better than before, deforestation continues to threaten the

world’s ecosystem

• The razing of forests continues to be a major contributor to the emissions that drive climate

change

17.318.2 18.4

27.4

24.9

23.3

18.9

14.3

11.712.9

7.5 7.06.4

4.75.8

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: Institute of Space Research (INPE)

‘000 Sq km of deforestation (per annum)

Causes of Deforestation

Causes of Deforestation

1. Clearing land tobuild housing

2. Felling trees forwood

4. Other land uses

• Countries resort to deforestation to cope with the increasingdemand for housing brought about by the growing population

• Logging, or simply cutting down trees for timbre is one of the maincauses of deforestation

3. Agriculture

• To provide land for food crops such as palm oil and for rearingcattle, undisturbed rainforest areas end up being removed

• Land for mining and industrial projects

• Building dams

1. Growing Demand for Housing

6.0 billion2000

World Population

3.0 billion1960

9.6 billion2050

• The current world population of 7.2 billion is projectedto reach 9.6 billion by 2050, according to a UN report

• To cater to the increasing housing needs, many resort to

removing rainforests to create land

2. Logging

• Many commercial logging companies fell down trees in a

process known as selective logging, where only the most

valuable trees are felled

• Over the years, the uses of wood moved from wood fuelto construction materials such as shelters and furniture

• Today, almost every household has something made out

of wood, eg. floor tiles, cutleries and musical instruments

Wood felling by commercial logging companies

Growing demand for products made from wood

3. Agriculture – Crop Planting & Cattle RanchingClearing of Land for Palm Oil and other Crop Plantations

Clearing of Land to Rear Cattle

Cattle Ranching Subsistence Farming Breeding Cows for Milk

4. Other Land UsesMining and Industrial Projects

Building Dams

• In India and South America, rainforests have

been destroyed by the building of hydro-

electric dams

• It was the dominant view that new dams had

to be built or otherwise these countries would

suffer an energy crisis

Mining Projects Industrial Projects

Effects

Environmental & Economical Impacts

IMPACTS

IncreasedSoil

Erosion

Disruptionof Water

Cycles

ReducedBiodiversity

ClimateChange

Disruptionof

Livelihoods

Short Term Environmental Effects

• No trees anchoring the fertile soil

• Erosion is sweeping the land into rivers

• The agricultural plants replacing the forests are unable

to hold onto the soil

• Since 1960 a third of world’s arable land has been lost

• As fertile soil washes away producers move on, clearing

more forests

Disruption of Water Cycles

• Trees play a key role in the local water cycle

• Keep balance between the water on the land and the

water in the atmosphere

• Disrupted balance changes the precipitation and river

flow

Increased Soil Erosion

Long Term Environmental Effects

• 80 % species can be found in tropical rainforests

• Often unable to survive in the small fragments of forested

lend left behind

• Accessible to hunters and poachers

• Leading to extinction

Climate Change

• Forests help to mitigate carbon dioxide and othergreenhouse gas emissions

• When cut, burned or otherwise removed they become

carbon source

• Tropical forests hold more than 210 gig tons of carbon

• Deforestation represents 15% of greenhouse gas

emissions

• Rising temperatures, changed patterns of weather and

increase of extreme weather events

Reduced Biodiversity

Economical Effects

• Deforestation greatly influences many lives

• In Southeast Asia deforestation contributed to migration and social conflicts

• In Brazil the poor people are constantly pressured to move from their villages

often to remote soy plantations where they have to work under inhumane

conditions

• Destroying sources of medicine

• Increasing food insecurity

• Flooding causing loss of many lives

and homes

Disruption of Livelihoods

Solutions

Solutions

1. Corporations

2. Governments

• If corporations have the ability to destroy the world’s rainforests,they also have the power to help save them

• Governments are able to enact ambitious domestic andinternational forest policies that have wide-ranging effects

3. Individuals

• As individuals, we contribute significantly to deforestation with our

lifestyle, hence we have the responsibility to keep ourselves in

check

1. Corporations

• Corporations can implement anti-deforestation policies

that require suppliers and other stakeholders to operate

in ways that do not harm the environment

• Corporations are huge consumers of paper. Management

can work towards a paper-free office by shifting towards

email and soft-copies, and also encourage their

employees to recycle

Implement anti-deforestation policies

Minimise paper wastage and encourage recycling

2. Governments

• The cutting down of trees must be countered by replacing

old ones that were cut with young ones. Trees are being

planted every year, but they still don’t match the number

of trees that we lost

• Governments have the resources to allow anti-

deforestation organisations to get their message across

and increase their sphere of influence. This is a good way

to indirectly solve deforestation

Reforestation

Support organisations that push for anti-deforestation

3. Individuals

“Youmay never knowwhatresults come from youraction. But if you do nothing,

there will be no result.”

– Mahatma Gandhi

3. Individuals

• Everybody, even children, can be conscious of the need to

recycle. Instead of throwing paper away, we can always

seek to recycle it or use it for other purposes

• By purchasing recycled products, we are encouraging

more and more companies to produce recycled products,

which deal less damage to our forests , creates less waste

and decreases the need for new raw materials

Recycle

Use recycled products

3. Individuals

• For ecological deforestation to end, paper consumption

must be drastically reduced. Opting for paperless bills,

checks and payments significantly contributes towards

mending the harmful effects of deforestation

• Cattle grazing is one of the primary causes of

deforestation. Limit your consumption of fast food meat

and always choose to buy locally. Knowing where your

food comes from helps to combat deforestation

Go paperless

Be conscious of your food choices

3. Individuals

• In some places, especially developing countries, wood is

still used as fuel. Purchase renewable energy, such as

solar, geothermal and wind energy to help stop

deforestation

• What’s better than one person fighting deforestation?

Two people doing the same thing. Spread your

knowledge and urge others to follow in your footsteps

and fight deforestation

Use renewable energy

Educate others of the need to fight deforestation

6. Case study

INDEXBISHNOI COMMUNNITY

AMRITA DEVI

CHIPKO MOVEMENT

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION

Bishnoi community

•THE BISHNOI IS A NON VIOLENT COMMUNITY OF NATURE WORSHIPPERS OF RAJASTHAN IN WESTERN INDIA

•FOUNDED BY GURU JAMBHESHWAR BEFORE 1451 AFTER A DRAUGHT IN THE MARWAR REGION OF RAJASTHAN.

•THE GURU DIRECTED THE WORSHIP OF LORD VISHNU ,THUS THE SECT IS CALLED VISHNOI OR BISHNOI.

•THE BISHNOIS FOLLOW 29 PRINCIPLES GIVEN BY GURU JAMBHESHWAR WHICH WERE NOT ONLY TAILORED TO CONSERVE BIO-DIVERSITY OF THE AREA BUT ALSO ENSURED ECO- FRIENDLY SOCIAL LIFE.

•BISHNOIS ARE STRONG LOVERS OF WILD ANIMALS

•ANIMALS ARE PROTECTED IN BISHNOI –DOMINATED AREAS

•BISHNOI COMMUNITY HAS LAUNCHED STRONG PROTESTS AGAINST THE KILLING OF BLACK BUCKS BY SALMAN KHAN AND MANSUR ALI KHAN PATAUDI.

Amrita devi

•IN 1731 AMRITA DEVI ,A BISHNOI WOMAN WHO ALONG WITH MORE THAN 363 OTHER BISHNOIS DIED SAVING THE KHEJRALI TREES.

•ALL KILLED WERE BURRIED IN KHEJRALI VILLAGE NEAR JODHPUR.

•IN SEP, THEY COMMEMORATE THE EXTREME SACRIFICE MADE BY THEIR PEOPLE.

•GOVT OF INDIA RECENTLY INSTITUTED AN “AMRITA DEVI BISHNOI NATIONAL AWARD FOR WILDLIFE CONSERVATION” IN THE MEMORY OF AMRITA DEVI.

Chipko movement

INTRODUCTION

Chipko means tree hugging or “embrace” as the villagers hug the trees.The movement is best known for its tactic of hugging trees to prevent them being cut down and to prevent commercial timber harvesting.ORIGINGopeshwar in District Chamoli. Uttaranchal in 1970’sFirst Chipko action March 1974 in Reni village.Locally it is called as Angwal.

THE SPREADING OF MOVEMENTGovernment's decision to allot forest trees to a sports goods company.The local residents in Gopeshwar were denied the similar demand of getting few trees, required for making farm tools.Organized rallies to protect the forest from mass destruction.Idea of Chipko Movement originated.Sunder Lal Bahuguna(Environmentalist)Enlightened the country and out world about the movement, its success and environmental impact.Padmabhushan winner for his contribution in the movement.

Sunderlal Bahuguna

SUCCESS OF CHIPKO MOVEMENT

•This movement has spread to many states in the country.•It stopped felling of trees in the Western Ghats and the Vindhyas•More than 1,00,000 trees have been saved from excavation•By 1981, over a million trees had been planted through their efforts.

•Chandi Prasad Bhatt.•Sunder Lal Bahuguna.•Sarla Bahen from LakshmiAshram.•Women groups.•The Uttarakahand Sangharsh Vahini (USV).

Main Leaders

Wildlife conservation

What is Wildlife Conservation?

Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting endangered plant and animal species and their habitats. Among the goals of wildlife conservation are to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness lands to humans.

WHY SHOULD WE CONSERVE WILDLIFE?

• It is necessary to conserve wildlife because it results in undesirable consequences for the whole ecosystem.

• Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and our life support systems.

• It also helps in the preservation of the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding.

• The destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue. The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity.

7.CONCLUSIONIncreased understanding about the world’s current wildlife situation and an increased

emphasis on education will give future generations an opportunity to experience

nature to its fullest extent

Conclusion

Thank youA presentation by

Vineeth,Tinto,Albin&

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If the current rate of deforestation continues, the world’s rainforests will disappear within 100 years –causing unknown effects on global climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species on earth!