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TRANSCRIPT
Classical Greece
1
By: Ms. Buffalino
Text book Pages 231-234
Aim: What is the most important
accomplishment that is given to us from the
ancient Greeks?
Definition:
Classical Civilizations
• Societies whose structures
influenced subsequent societies
long after the original classical
societies had disappeared.
• These civilizations developed
innovations that became long-term
patterns for subsequent societies
and cultures.
The Geography of Greece The Geography of Greece
• Peninsula (mainland)
• Archipelago
• Mountainous
• Rugged topography
• DEVELOPED CITY-STATES AS A
RESULT
Classical Greece
2
Culture
o Athens – valued education,
importance on human effort.
o Humanism – individual achievement.
o Philosophy – Aristotle, Socrates, Plato
o Developed sculpture, literature, math,
written language, record keeping.
o Polytheism
Political Organization
o POLIS – center of city-states
o Athens
o Acropolis – hilltop
o Athens – first ruled by tyrants who
gained power from military expertise
o Direct democracy
o Pericles
o Developed colonies along the
Mediterranean
Political Organization
o Sparta
o Military state
o Women had more rights
o Strong military
o Developed colonies along the
Mediterranean
o Peloponnesian War (conflict between
Athens and Sparta) 431 to 404 B.C
Social Structure
o Sparta theoretically equal; wealth
accumulation not allowed.
o Slavery widely practiced throughout.
oWomen had relative freedom; women in
Sparta encouraged to be physically fit,
treated better than women in Athens.
o Athens – equality for free males,
women and slaves had little freedom.
Homer
Classical Greece
3
Minoan Greece
• Bronze age (most developed in metal
working)
• 2700 to 1450 BC
• Island of Crete cultural achievements
took place.
• Benefited through sea-trade.
Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)
Knossos: Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization
Classical Greece
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The Mycenaean
Civilization • Is a cultural period of Ancient Greece
taking its name from the
archaeological site of Mycenae
• The last phase of the Bronze Age in
Ancient Greece, it is the historical
setting of much ancient Greek
literature and myth, including the epics
of Homer.
• Benefited through conquest.
The Mycenaean
Civilization
The Parthenon - Acropolis
The Parthenon The Lincoln Memorial
Classical Greece
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Olympia
776 BC Approximately
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
The Classical Greek
“Ideal”
Golden “Age of
Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE
All male citizens could participate in the
assembly.
18 years of age = citizenship
Private education for males 7-18.
(math, literature, music, and rhetoric as training
for citizenship)
Council of 500 – large scale jury system
(bureaucracy)
Magistrates
(oversaw trials)
Democracy
Classical Greece
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Direct Democracy in Greece
• Vote on the issues
• Periclean democracy
–Athens's
“Golden Age”
Pericles’ Funeral Oration "We are a democracy because the power to make the laws is given to
the many rather than the few. But while the law gives equal justice to
everyone, it has not failed to reward excellence. While every citizen
has an equal opportunity to serve the public, we reward our most
distinguished [best] citizens by asking them to make our political
decisions. Nor do we discriminate against the poor. A man may serve
his country no matter how low his position on the social scale.
An Athenian citizen does not put his private affairs before the affairs
of the state; even our merchants and businessmen know something
about politics. We alone believe that a man who takes no interest in
public affairs is more than harmless—he is useless.”
—"Pericles’ Funeral Oration"
Athens, 5th century BC
What is the duty of the Athenian citizen?
Socrates Plato Aristotle
Socratic Method of
questioning as a
learning tool.
Wrote The Republic
Favored a strong,
controlling
government
Developed ideas on
government
Favored the one strong
and wise rule as best
form.
Considered to be first
western philosopher
Society has three
classes: Philosophers,
Soldiers, and Workers
Human reason was the
key to learning