defining communication -...
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Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Defining CommunicationDefining Communication
The “official” definition: The “official” definition: The process of creating meaning The process of creating meaning through symbolic interaction.through symbolic interaction.
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Levels of CommunicationLevels of Communication
Intrapersonal communicationIntrapersonal communication Dyadic or interpersonal communicationDyadic or interpersonal communication Small group communicationSmall group communication Public communicationPublic communication Mass communicationMass communication Mediated communicationMediated communication
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Functions of CommunicationFunctions of Communication
Physical needsPhysical needs Identity needsIdentity needs Social needsSocial needs Practical needsPractical needs
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Communication MisconceptionsCommunication Misconceptions
Communication does Communication does not require complete not require complete understandingunderstanding
Communication isn’t Communication isn’t always a good thingalways a good thing
Communication will not Communication will not solve all problemssolve all problems
Meanings rest in Meanings rest in people, not in wordspeople, not in words
Communication is not Communication is not simplesimple
More communication is More communication is not always betternot always better
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Linear Model of CommunicationLinear Model of Communication
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Transactional Model: Transactional Model: An ExchangeAn Exchange
Simultaneously send Simultaneously send and and receive receive
Feedback may be verbal, nonverbal, or bothFeedback may be verbal, nonverbal, or both
Communication Communication is fluid, rather than staticis fluid, rather than static
Communication is relational, not individual Communication is relational, not individual
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Transactional Model of CommunicationTransactional Model of Communication
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Transactional Model
Linear Model
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
The Changing World of CommunicationThe Changing World of Communication
What’s changingWhat’s changing TechnologyTechnology
DemographicsDemographics
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
The Changing World of CommunicationThe Changing World of Communication
What’s changingWhat’s changing TechnologyTechnology Mediated communicationMediated communication Social mediaSocial media Selecting the best channelSelecting the best channel
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Who Uses Social Media?
Social networking: 75% of American teens 75% of adults under age 30 40% of adults older age 30
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Who Uses Social Media?
Social networking: 75% of American teens 75% of adults under age 30 40% of adults older age 30
Twitter: 8% of teens 4x as many young adults
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Who Uses Social Media?
Social networking: 75% of American teens 75% of adults under age 30 40% of adults older age 30
Twitter: 8% of teens 4x as many young adults
E-mail messages exceed 200 billion 68% adults use Internet for e-mail 14% teens send daily e-mails to
friends
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Who Uses Social Media?
Social networking: 75% of American teens 75% of adults under age 30 40% of adults older age 30
Twitter: 8% of teens 4x as many young adults
E-mail messages exceed 200 billion 68% adults use Internet for e-mail 14% teens send daily e-mails to
friends
Text messages exceed earth’s population
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Choosing the Best MediumChoosing the Best Medium
If you can reproduce the graphic on page 2 3If you can reproduce the graphic on page 2 3without it looking extracted from the text, this without it looking extracted from the text, this
would make a good discussion point.would make a good discussion point.
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
The Changing World of CommunicationThe Changing World of Communication
What’s changingWhat’s changing TechnologyTechnology
DemographicsDemographics Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural Communication CompetencyCompetency
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Cultural Values and NormsHigh- and Low-Context
High-context Relies heavily on subtle,
nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony
Low-context Uses language primarily to
express thoughts, feelings, and ideas directly
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Cultural Values and Norms:Individualism and
Collectivism
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
• Minimizes difference between rich and poor, educated and uneducated
• Challenging authority acceptable
Low power
distance
• Freedom to make own decisions makes people uncomfortable
• Dutiful, submissive people hesitant to show initiative, creativity
High power
distance
Cultural Values and Norms:Power Distance
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Cultural Values and Norms:Uncertainty Avoidance
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
The Changing World of CommunicationThe Changing World of Communication
What’s changingWhat’s changing TechnologyTechnology Mediated communicationMediated communication Social mediaSocial media Selecting the best channelSelecting the best channel
DemographicsDemographics Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural Communication CompetencyCompetency
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
What What Makes Makes a Competent a Competent Communicator?Communicator?
Effective communication helps to “achieve one’s Effective communication helps to “achieve one’s goals in a manner that, ideally, maintains or goals in a manner that, ideally, maintains or enhances the relationship in which it occurs”enhances the relationship in which it occurs”
No “ideal” way to communicate:No “ideal” way to communicate: Competence is situational Competence is situational Competence is relationalCompetence is relational Competence can be learnedCompetence can be learned
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Competent CommunicatorsCompetent Communicators
Use Use a wide range of behaviors a wide range of behaviors -- -- and and choose appropriate choose appropriate behavior behavior in a given situationin a given situation
Skilled at using demonstrating Skilled at using demonstrating empathy empathy and and perspective-takingperspective-taking
Are Are adept adept at self-monitoringat self-monitoring Show commitment to the relationshipShow commitment to the relationship
EXAMPLES?EXAMPLES?
Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
For Next SessionFor Next Session
Turn in “Looking Out/Looking In”Turn in “Looking Out/Looking In”
Read Ch. 3-5 in textbookRead Ch. 3-5 in textbook Self, perception and communicationSelf, perception and communication LanguageLanguage ListeningListening
Complete Activity #2 (Slang and Jargon) on p. 127 of Complete Activity #2 (Slang and Jargon) on p. 127 of textbook (Summary section of Ch. 4)textbook (Summary section of Ch. 4) Must be typewritten or word-processedMust be typewritten or word-processed Due at the beginning of next classDue at the beginning of next class