HIMA BINDUDEFENCE TECHNOLOGY- HIMABINDU

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• DRDO was established in 1958.

• It works under “Department of Defence Research and Development”under Ministry of Defence.

• It works towards enhancing self-reliance in Defence Systems andundertakes design & development leading to production of world classweapon systems as per the requirements of the three defence services.

• DRDO has a network of over 50 laboratories working in various areasof defence technology.

• It also provides ample spinoff benefits to the society at large therebycontributing to the nation building.

DRDO

HIMA BINDUTYPES OF MISSILES

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Ballistic missiles: Ballistic missile, a rocket-propelled self-guided strategic-weapons system that follows a ballistic trajectory to deliver a payload from its launch site to a predetermined target. Ballistic missiles can carry conventional high explosives as well as chemical, biological, or nuclear munitions.

• Under the guidance of Dr. Kalam, India developed several ballistic missiles as part of The Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).

• Strategic missiles that can attack bigger targets like a city.

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Ballistic missile - types

Short Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBMs)

Missile name Range PayloadPrithvi-I

Prithvi-II

Prithvi-III

150 km

250 km

350 km

1,000 kg

500 kg

1000 kgAgni-I 1000 km 1000 kg

Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBMs)

Missile name Range Payload

Agni-II

Agni-III

Agni-IV

2000 km

3000 km

4000 km

1,000 kg

500 Kg

1000 Kg

Inter Continental Ballistic missiles (ICBM)

Agni-V 5000 km 1500 kg

Submarine launchable Ballistic missiles (SLBM)

K-15Sagarika

750 km 500 kg

K-4 3000 km 1000 kg

Surface to Surface

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Agni V• India’s first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).• It is a three-stage surface to surface missile that uses solid propellant. • It can carry 1.5 ton of nuclear warheads with a target range over

5,000 km. • It can attain the speed of 24 Mach.• Unlike other missiles of the series, Agni-5 is the most advanced in

terms of navigation and guidance, warhead and engine, can hit the targets with high precision.

• India reportedly has been working to develop multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs) for the missile.

• It has undergone multiple pre-induction trials and is expected to be inducted in 2021.

HIMA BINDU• These missiles don’t follow the laws of gravity and their path

is controlled throughout their journey period.

• These missiles are self-navigating and fly at extremely lowaltitudes to avoid being caught by radars.

• Level of accuracy in these missiles is extremely high.

• Tactical missiles that are used in the battle field.

Cruise missiles

HIMA BINDUType Name Range Payload

CapacitySubsonic Cruise Missiles

Nirbhay 750-1000 km 500 kg

Supersonic Cruise Missiles

BrahMos (Mach 2.8) 290 kmExtended to 450 km

300 kg

Hypersonic Cruise Missiles

ShauryaBrahMos-II (Mach 7)(Under development)

750 km400 – 600 km

1000 kg

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• It is an indigenously developed subsonic missile, with a speed of 0.7 Mach.• It has a range of ~ 800 km (Long range)• The missile is powered by a solid rocket booster and a turbofan (air

breathing) engine.• It can also be launched from multiple platforms including aircraft, land-

based vehicles/launchers, ships and submarines.• Carry conventional warheads and is also said to be nuclear capable. • It is capable of deep penetration to strike high-value targets with precision.• With sea-skimming and terrain-hugging capability, the missile can stay

under enemy radar to avoid detection. • It was in news as one of its test conducted in October 2020 had to be aborted

due to an unexpected problem.

Nirbhay

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Shaurya

• Tested in October 2020 from Abdul Kalam island.

• New indigenously-developed hypersonic cruise missile (7.5 Mach speed)

• Medium-Range (750 km)

• Land variant of K-15 Sagarika

• Surface to Surface missile

• Two-stage missile that uses solid propellants

• Can carry conventional or Nuclear warheads (up to 1000 kg)

• Like a ballistic missile, it is powered by solid fuel, but can guide itself up to the

target like a cruise missile.

HIMA BINDU• It is a medium-range supersonic cruise missile – built by India

with the help of Russia (Named after Brahmaputra river + Moskva (Russian) river)

• It is multiplatform launchable - can be launched from land or submarines/warships or fighter jets.

• It uses 2-stages, first solid stage and second being the liquid ramjet.

• It boasts to be fastest supersonic missile in the world (Mach 2.8).• A hypersonic version BrahMos – II with speed of Mach 7-8 is also

under development • The 2.5-tonne missile has a strike range of nearly 300 kilometres.

BrahMos

HIMA BINDU• In September 2020, India test-fired an extended-range

BrahMos surface-to-surface supersonic cruise missile from the Integrated Test Range in Odisha.

• The cruise missile can hit targets 400 kilometres away - its range increased from the existing 290 kilometres.

• India has also successfully test-fired “a vertical deep dive version” of BrahMos in 2019, which allows the missile to be fired at a “near-vertical” trajectory of 90 degree climbing 14 kilometers before making a steep dive toward its target. (Useful in mountain regions).

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BrahMos antiship missile hit its target in Arabian sea

HIMA BINDU• DRDO successfully flight tested the indigenously developed HSTDV in

September 2020• It uses air-breathing scramjet technology.• The vehicle travelled its desired flight path at a velocity of six times the speed

of sound i.e. Mach 6.• India became the fourth country to have demonstrated this technology after

the USA, Russia and China.• It can be developed as a carrier vehicle for long range cruise missiles• Due to its high speed, most RADARs will be unable to detect it. It will also

be able to penetrate most missile defence systems.

Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV) (Carrier for cruise missile)

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Range Payload

Trishul 9 km 5 kg

Akash 30 km 50 kg

Maitri 15 km 10 kg

Barak-8 70 km 60 kg

Surface to Air Missiles

Air to Air Missiles

Astra Mk-1 110 km 15 kg

Astra Mk-2 160 km Underdevelopment

NAG 4 - 7 km 8 kg

HeliNa 7 - 10 km 8 Kg

Anti-tank guided missile

HeliNa: Helicopter launched Nag Missile

Other missiles

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Submarines• Submarines are self-propelled vessels that are designed and built to perform

underwater operations.

• The Indian Navy currently operates fourteen diesel-electric powered submarines (including the Scorpene) and two nuclear powered submarines —INS Arihant (SSBN, a ballistic missile submarine) and INS Chakra (SSN, a nuclear-powered one) leased from Russia.

• India's submarine fleet is based at two locations: Visakhapatnam on the east coast and Mumbai on the west coast.

• Of the 14 conventional submarines India currently possesses, only half are operational at any given point of time.

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• It is a follow up of India’s Project 75 that was launched in 2005 to build Six Scorpene (diesel-electric) submarines of Kalvari class.

• INS Kalvari (commissioned in 2017), INS Khanderi (commissioned in Sep 2019), INS Karanj (Launched in Jan 2018), INS Vela (launched in May 2019), INS Vagir (2020), and INS Vagsheer (Yet to be launched)

• Under the P75I project, the Indian Navy intends to build six advanced Diesel-electric submarines under Ministry of Defence’s Strategic Partnership model, which aims to build indigenous capabilities.

• IN 2020, the government approved Mazagon Docks & Larsen &Turbo (L&T) as the Indian Strategic Partners (SP) and five potential Foreign Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM).

Project 75(India)

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• The submarines will feature advanced air-independent propulsion systems for longer submerge duration and substantial increase their operational range.

• They are capable of anti-surface and anti-ship warfare missions equipped with a vertical launch system (VLS) to enable them to carry Brahmos supersonic cruise missiles.

• They also have advanced stealth capabilities like noise and acoustic suppression.

• Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) on 31st Jan 2019 gave formal approval to execute the Navy’s Project-75I (P75I) worth ₹45,000 crore

• Aims at providing a significant boost to the ‘Make in India’ programme.

• Under the program, the submarines must be made up of 65 percent indigenous material.

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'SMART' torpedo (Anti submarine torpedo)

• SMART (Supersonic Missile Assisted Release of Torpedo)

• Tested in October 2020 from the APJ Abdul Kalam Island.

• Anti-submarine torpedo (under-water missile).

• SMART is a missile-assisted release of lightweight anti-submarine

torpedo system for beyond the range of a torpedo.

• Indigenously developed by DRDL (Defence Research & Development

Laboratory), Research Centre Imarat (RCI) and other defence

organizations.

HIMA BINDUVelocity reduction mechanism (VRM)

GAME CHANGER ANTI SUBMARINE WARFARE

HIMA BINDU• Project 15B is an ongoing project that involves construction of the

Visakhapatnam-class (A class of stealth guided missile destroyers) destroyer.

• They are designed by the Indian Navy’s Directorate of Naval Design, based

on the older Project 15A Kolkata-class destroyers (made with Russia’s

help).

• Packed with an array of state-of-the-art weapons (Barak-8 & BrahMos)

and sensors, including multi-functional surveillance radars and vertically

launched missile system for long distance engagement of shore, sea-based

and air targets.

Project 15B (Missile destroyer)

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Highlights

• Project was signed in January 2011.

• The first-of-class, Visakhapatnam was launched in April 2015 and is

expected to enter service with the Indian Navy in 2021.

• The second ship of the type, Mormugao, was launched in September

2016 and is slated to join the fleet in 2022.

• In April 2019, India launched the third ship of Project 15B, a guided

missile destroyer Imphal, at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders, Mumbai

• The fourth Visakhapatnam-class guided missile destroyer is expected to

enter service in 2024.

HIMA BINDUAnti ballistic defence

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Missile name Range Payload

Prithvi Air Defence Missile

3000 km (Exo-atmosphere at 80 km) 5 kg

Advanced Air Defence Missile

150-200 km (Endo-atmosphere at 30 km)

50 kg

Prithvi Air Defence Vehicle

2,000 to 3,000 km (Exo-atmospheric at more than 120 km altitude)

10 kg

India’s Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) is announced ready for deployment (at Delhi) in January 2020. It consists of a Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) missile to intercept incoming missiles in exo-atmosphere an Advanced Air Defence (AAD) missile in endo-atmosphere.

Anti Ballistic missiles (Surface to air)

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

• UAVs, also known as Drones or Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS).• The military uses drones for surveillance and reconnaissance, in

unknown or hostile territories, to track enemy movements, for border patrols, search and rescue missions, and in emergency services.

UAVs with Indian forces are:• Israel's Heron, Harpy, Searcher• DRDO’s Nishant, Rustom• Indian Army has enhanced its drone capabilities, inducting 75

indigenous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in 2020.

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• Netra is an indigenously made, autonomous UAV for surveillance and reconnaissance operations.

• It has been jointly developed by the DRDO’s Research and Development Establishment (R&DE), and IdeaForge, a Mumbai-based private firm.

• Netra is equipped with a resolution CCD camera with a pan/tilt and zoom to facilitate wider surveillance. It can also be fitted with thermal cameras to carry out night operations.

• operational altitude of the UAV is 200 meters maximum, having a vertical take-off and landing capacity (VTOL) and is equipped with a wireless transmitter.

• In-built fail-safe features allows Netra to return to base on loss of communication or low battery.

NETRA

HIMA BINDUFighter jets & Helicopters in news

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• The union cabinet on 13th Jan 2021 approved the purchase of 73 TejasLCA fighter jets and 10 trainer aircraft for a cost of ₹ 45,696 crore.

• It is designed by Aeronautical Developmental Agency (ADA) &manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL).

• It is being developed in single-seat fighter and twin seat trainer variantsfor the Indian Air Force and Indian Navy.

• Going to be the backbone of the fighter fleet of the Indian Air Force(Self-reliance)

• It is the smallest lightweight, multi-role, single-engine tactical fighteraircraft in the world. (Note: Tactical weapons or forces are those which amilitary leader can decide for them selves to use in a battle, rather thanwaiting for a decision by a political leader)

• It has many advanced features like: Beyond Visual Range Missilecapabilities, Air-to-Air Refuelling and Air-to-Ground weapons.

LCA Tejas

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Rafale Fighter Jets• Rafale is a French-designed twin-engine, delta wing, omnirole fighter

aircraft.

• In 2016, India had signed a deal with the French government and DassaultAviation to acquire 36 Rafale fighter jets for over Euro 7.8 billion.

• Categorised as a 4.5 generation aircraft for its radar-evading stealth profile,and a level up over the Mirage 2000 (Used in Kargil war and Balakotattack) and the Su-30 MkI.

• The Rafale can fly at speeds of 1.8 mach (2,222.6km per hour) and can climbto a height of 50,000 feet. It has a range of 3,700km, which can be increasedwith mid-air refuelling.

HIMA BINDUMid air refuelling

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HIMA BINDU• It can carry 9,500kg of bombs and munitions. This is more than

the Sukhoi 30 MK1, which can carry loads of up to 8,000kg

• The indigenously developed Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)

Tejas can be categorised as fourth-generation in terms of

avionics and technology but it is too small an aircraft to make a

difference.

HIMA BINDUApache helicopters

• Said to be the most modern attack helicopters (AH-64E)

• Designed and equipped the latest communications, navigation,sensor and weapon systems.

• India purchased 22 Apache helicopters from USA’s Boeing toreplace Russian-built Mi-25 and Mi-35 helicopters

• Apache Helicopters were delivered by July 2020.

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Chinook helicopters• Contract signed in 2015 with USA’s Boeing for 15 helicopters.

• Payload capability of 10 tonnes and highaltitude performance, thesehelicopters have filled the gap in IAF’s heavy-lift helicopter capability.

• To replace the Russia-made Mi-17 medium-lift helicopters & Mi-26helicopters

• Advanced multi-mission helicopters, with primary role of transportation oftroops, artillery, equipment, and fuel.

• Disaster relief, rescue operations etc.

• Have been of great help in the construction of infrastructure and borderroad projects especially in the North East.

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• Also known as ‘New Generation Anti Radiation Missile’, is India’s first

indigenous anti-radiation missile.

• Successfully flight tested from a Sukhoi-30 MKI in October 2020

• Designed to detect, track and neutralise the enemy’s radar, communication assets

and other radio frequency sources, which are generally part of their air defence

systems.

• It is an Air to Surface missile that can be launched from 500 m to 15 km height

and hit the targets in range of more than 100 km.

• Once it locks on the target, it is capable of striking accurately even if the radiation

source switches off in between.

RUDRAM-I

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Sukhoi 30 MK 1

HIMA BINDU• All women 6- membered Indian Navy team’s mission of

circumnavigation of globe.• Tarini, second sail boat of Indian Navy (commissioned in 2017),

was used.• It started from Goa on September 10th, 2017 and returned on

May 21st, 2018 to Goa (254 days). • The expedition was completed with stopovers at Fremantle

(Australia), Lyttleton (New Zealand), Port Stanley (Falkland Islands), Cape Town (South Africa) and Mauritius.

Navika Sagar Parikrama

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HIMA BINDU• "The crew covered 21,600 nautical miles - visited five

countries and crossed the Equator twice. • It sailed across four continents and three oceans. • The crew monitored marine pollution levels, collected ocean

data and interacted with people of Indian origin.• Received 2017’s Nari Shakti Puraskar – the highest civilian

honour given for women in Republic of India.• Swarna Krishna: All women crew ship makes history

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• ASAT, code name “Mission Shakti”, is a technology mission carried out by DRDO with ISRO.

• Test date: 27th March 2019• Ballistic missile targeted an ISRO’s live satellite (microsat) in LEO (~300 km) • It used “kinetic kill” technology.• India became the 4th country to do so after USA, Russia and China.• It successfully demonstrated India’s capability to interdict and intercept a

satellite in outer space based on complete indigenous technology.Issues:• Space debris, Space weaponization. • Need for such a test is questioned by other countries.• India’s commitment to Outer space treaty 1967, that prohibits countries from

placing in to orbit around the earth “any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction”.

Anti-satellite missile (ASAT) test

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