DEEPWATER HORIZON INCIDENT& NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DECISION SUPPORT SERVICES

WFO New Orleans/Baton RougeApril 21, 2010 – October 15, 2010

THE EVENT On the night of April 20, 2010,

the semi-submersible production petroleum platform “Deepwater Horizon” exploded during a drilling operation.

After burning intensely for 36 hours, the rig sank on the 22nd, resulting in a massive oil spill from the ruptured well head.

Well head located 5000 feet deep over the Macondo Dome on the edge of the Continental Shelf.

Macondo Well over 18,000 feet deep.

WFO NEW ORLEANS/BATON ROUGE (LIX) ENGAGEMENT The office received a call from

the U.S. Coast Guard, notifying us of the incident shortly after the initial explosion.

USCG requested a detailed weather forecast for the location – Mississippi Canyon 252 oil lease area, Lat 28.74N and Lon 88.44W.

The NOAA Office of Response and Restoration (OR&R) requested the initial spot forecast on April 21st.

The Spot Forecast would be produced twice a day for much of the entire incident response.

DEPLOYING TO INCIDENT COMMAND Not automatic!!! ‘Not needed’

initially by BP Had to gain trust

and prove performance

Rapport with USCG and other federal agencies was key.

BATTLE RHYTHM

Started out a 24 hour cycle Around day 75 – 2 day cycle Around day 98 – 4 day cycle After static kill - a 7 day cycle

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART (AN EXAMPLE)

NWS and NOAA

MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF FORECASTING Aviation

Low level dispersion flights 2nd level spotter flights Mid-level reconnaissance flights Terminal forecasts for non-TAF locations

Hancock County-Stennis Airport (MS) Terrebonne-Houma Regional Airport (LA)

Marine Near shore in protected and unprotected waters Offshore spill location (62nm from mouth of the MS River)

Fire Weather In-situ burning of oil on water

Heat Stress Oil clean-up in Tyvek protective covering during summer Outsider assistance not accustomed to Gulf humidity

MULTI-LAYERED AVIATION Over flights Reconnaissance Dispersant Flights

Use of tstm outflow boundaries

VIP over flights Animal/Wildlife

search and rescue

DECISION SUPPORT MODIFICATIONS Emergency TAFs for staging airfields

Terrebonne-Houma Regional Airport, Houma, LA Incident Command Center location Overflight and surveillance flight operations

Hancock County – Stennis Airport, Stennis, MS Military dispersant flight staging Government VIP staging

Presidential Visit toVenice, LA “Synthetic” TAF temporarily

established for Boothville-Venice ASOS location to support POTUS logistics.

MULTI-NATIONAL EFFORT

Canadian Coast Guard and Icelandic Coast Guard

SLAR over flights for intelligence gathering on daily spill footprint.

Weather sensitive for winds and seas

IN-SITU BURNS Not your typical

wildfire or prescribed burn

Critical operating levels based on wind direction and sea state

Main motivation for the hourly spot forecasts issued every day by WFO LIX

AVIATION WEATHER BRIEFINGS Most operations

were heavily dependent on weather decision support

Most often weather was the GO/NO GO factor on a daily basis

MARINE SUPPORT

Vessels of Opportunity (VOO) Fleet

Boom Deployment near shore

Deepwater fleet – many vessels in tight operations area

INTELLIGENCE GATHERING

WFO LIX prepared a daily overflight forecast to aid in satellite imaging data quality

HEAT STRESS Very critical factor to beach cleaning limitations 40-20 rule and 20-40 rule No Tyvek covering

40 minutes each hour, 20 minutes of supervised rest in a tent.

Full Tyvek protection 20 minutes work each hour,

40 minutes of supervised rest in a tent.

Numerous Heat Advisory Days during the episode

Most event related injuries/illness were heat stress related (about 40% of all reportable injuries).

TROPICAL THREATS Tropical Storm Bonnie July 23-25 A direct threat to the

area of operations Weakened before

moving over operations area

Prompted a 3 day shut-down of operations at the source

A 1 day Shelter-in-place stand down at Houma ICC.

TROPICAL THREATS Tropical Depression Five August 10-11 A direct threat to the

area of operations Dissipated before

making landfall Still prompted a 3 day

shut-down of operations at the source

A 1 day stand-down, shelter in place at Houma ICC.

WILDLIFE RESCUES

SEAFOOD QUALITY

NOAA LINE OFFICE COLLABORATION

NOS - Office of Coast Survey Oil Trajectory forecast maps produced daily

NOAA – Office of Response and Restoration Initiated 2-a-day spot forecast requests Frequent teleconference weather briefings

NOS / USCG weather briefings for decon operations

INCORPORATING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Trajectories Loop Current interactions Tropical Wx interactions Dispersant behavior

MULTIPLE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT NWS Director Jack Hayes visits

the Incident Command Center in Houma, LA, pose in front of the LA GOHSEP response vehicle.

Pictured from left, ER-Met Tim Erickson (WFO LIX) NWS Director Hayes, ER-Met Mike Efferson (WFO LIX) Kenneth Graham, WFO LIX MIC

Not pictured – LA State Police response vehicle next to GOHSEP.

Heavy parish/county EOC presence.

MEDIA INTERVIEWS AND BRIEFINGS

Oil vs Hurricanes; Hurricanes and oil Talking points generated by

NHC/WSH/NOAA. Formal briefings:

approximately 1200 Informal briefings:

approximately 5000 International, national and

local media interviews: 150 Often became overwhelming

from a workload standpoint. Recommend bringing in a

Public Affairs or HQ person to handle interviews.

MEANWHILE, BACK AT THE OFFICE Initiated the ER-Met Desk

Two event coordinators appointed by MIC 24 hr coverage – 2 twelve hour shifts

Fire Weather Spot Forecast formatter modified In addition to traditional grid based parameters… TAFs for aviation ops staging terminals 3 day Areal Aviation Outlook Sounding data to support in-situ burning ops Tide information Radar summary Watch/Warning/Advisory Summary Issued hourly from 0500 to 1900

MAKING IT WORK

Enacted an emergency schedule to account for 4 forecasters out of the regular rotation

National and regional assistance with back fill staffing All product templates were developed ‘on-the-fly’ to

meet specific forecast needs Back-fill staff contributed greatly to the success of

this undertaking by bringing skills and best practices into the local operations!

Web page presence developed at WFO LIX by intern Shawn O’ Neil (pictured above).

HOURLY SPOTS Originally generated for the

spill location NOS – OCS requested two

shore-based spot forecasts for shoreline clean up and harbor boom deployment Port Fourchon spot for

waters west of the MS River Hopedale spot for the LA

sounds east of the MS River Issued from 0400 through

sunset each day Sensitivities with LOOP facilities

serviced out of Port Fourchon, LA

Last hourly spot issued Aug 24th

3,920 hourly spots issued for entire event.

ACROSS THE BOARD CONTRIBUTIONS Virgil Middendorf – WFO Boise, ID

Assisted greatly with Spot Forecast formatter modifications

Angel Montenez – WFO Birmingham, AL Added and modified grid fields and AWIPS

workfiles to facilitate Spot Forecast generation WSH Office of Hydrology

Provided scripting to parse tide data from RiverPro hydro database

SRH – brought in team to make local Active Directory work more efficiently.

BACK FILL CONTRIBUTIONS 44 forecasters TDY to WFO LIX; others to

MOB. IMETs deployed to Forward Operations

Branch (FOB) in Venice, LA IMET briefly deployed to Houma ICC

ICS role not well suited to typical Fire IMET functions

Lack of familiarization with local environment and government landscape

Different weather regime - heavily marine oriented

Tide tables developed by back fill (HGX) GIS based gridded data developed by LCH

back fill (also assisted in emergency relief at ICC)

GIS GENERATED GRAPHICS

o Expedited GIS programming provided by WFO LCH Service Hydrologist – Jonathan Brazzell and LMRFC DOH – David Welch

o Produced automatically by cron on local GIS box; posted to web

WEB PAGE DEVELOPMENT Originally posted basic

information and forecasts to existing EM briefing page

Intern with web design skills added thumbnails and Google maps capabilities.

Page was posted on Whitehouse.gov site

Became the ‘go-to’ page for NWS spill response

Hit count: 102,838 thru 10/7/10.

www.srh.noaa.gov/lix/?n=embriefing

GRAPHIC FORECAST FXC generated

animated graphicast Encompassed the

entire area of response (TX-FL)

Used extensively by the ICC, UAC and NOAA Hazmat

Posted on the DWH web page.

SEVERE WEATHER SURVEILLANCE

From April 22 – Oct 09 22 Tornado Warnings 112 Severe Thunderstorm

Warnings 358 Special Marine Warnings 26 Flood/Flash Flood Warnings 518 Total warnings during

event

NWSEO ROLE LOT efforts to implement emergency

schedule Some concessions to accommodate deployed

and back-fill transitions NWSEO President visited the WFO LIX and

toured Houma ICC on August 12th.

SIMULTANEOUS INCIDENT RESPONSES

Mar 30 (pre-spill): Denham Springs Petroleum Warehouse Fire July 30: Mud Lake in Barataria Bay

pipeline leak

Sep 2: Another Rig explosion south of Cameron, LA

Aug 12: Paincourtville, Assumption Parish, LA gas leak (108 spots issued)

Aug 10: Norco Motiva Sulfuric Acid leak

Aug 9: New Orleans East train derailment – 19 cars involved

CONTINUITY OF OPERATIONS (COOP) Instructions and templates posted to SRH

Sharepoint NWSChat used extensively

Deepwateroilchat room established early on and exclusively for Gulf NWS offices only and ICC/ICP.

NDBC was added to NWSChat and utilized for buoy data quality collaboration.

Cross training with office visits from WFO MOB personnel.

Back fill mets exposed to ICS activities Some visited the Houma ICC

MISCELLANEOUS FACTORS Fatigue Long days (12-15 hours) Fast paced Not the typical NWS routine Many consecutive days without a break Areal familiarity crucial Ability to be flexible Readiness for other responses Tropical Weather Staff training/drills Other “routine” operations

FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS Decision Support Services need…

Turnkey approach to forecast product formatters Portability for ICC or UAC deployment Flexibility in policies and protocols to best fit the situation

DSS should have robust GIS capabilities and fully integrated data sources.

ER-Mets not equivalent to I-Mets in skill sets for all situations

Staffing Area Command FOB – Imets ICC – local WFO UAC – RH or WSHQ

Equipment should be prepared and ready prior to deployment (Active Directory and security issues)

SUMMARY Largest emergency Response in U.S. History

Deepwater Horizon Rig Explosion and ensuing massive oil spill.

NWS was a key component of federal response, along with other NOAA line offices.

Local WFOs provided critical and unprecedented Decision Support Services for their respective AOR.

CONTACT INFORMATION Kenneth Graham, MIC

Kenneth.graham@noaa.gov 985-645-0565, extension 222

Robert J. Ricks, Jr. Robert.ricks@noaa.gov 985-645-0565, ext 4

www.weather.gov/neworleans

Thank You!