special issue FOR The 18Th saaRc summiT

issue 16 | nOvemBeR 16-30 2014 | 12 pages | Rs. 5.00 in association with

18sUMMiT

kaThMandU, nOVEMbEr 26-27, 2014

dEEpEr inTEgraTiOn fOr pEacE and prOspEriTy

Sheikh HasinaPrime Minister, Bangladesh

Sushil KoiralaPrime Minister, Nepal

Narendra ModiPrime Minister, India

Tshering Tobgay Prime Minister, Bhutan

Mahinda RajapaksaPresident, Sri Lanka

Ashraf Ghani President, Afghanistan

Abdulla YameenPresident, Maldives

Nawaz SharifPrime Minister, Pakistan

Th

prime content a-Z on page 7

The poorest The most illiterate

The most malnourishedThe most deprived region The most gender sensitive

.....

2 opinion

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More than five books can be written on the following visions for the contemporary world of Hard Power and Soft Power game. This author has tried to sketch out the abstract of the theories in a limited volume of words applying in the contemporary SAARC. China, Japan, USA, and EU as observers and other SAARC members can work in tandem to enhance SAARC towards a paradigm shift. Some models are introduced below:

Reaching the Unreachable ModelThis approach envisioned in 2003

and later sees further to “Post-Neo-Modern-Theory” propounded by Samuel P. Huntington, Fukuyama and James Rosnau as post-1991 dominant theorists, and Johan Galtung from 1980’s for Peace Studies or Hans J. Morganthau, Lucian W. Pye from 1970’s or Palmer and Perkins from 1960’s on International Relations. This model envisions that SAARC has failed to attain “sustainable peace” in the region in the name of borders, ethnic values, terrorism, extremism, fundamentalism, religions, socio-economic, ethno-cultural-natural heritage systems and their transformations, national interests guided by dogmatism or post-colonial psychology.

The theory particularly prescribes to India and China that sustainable peace is viable among the two largest populations of the world through soft power development - that is “production” and “consumption of goods” through “connectivity”. Another challenge of ‘Confidence Building Measures’ (CBM) can be met by applying “Panchasheel” of mutual cooperation. The hard powers in the region are already able to imply their self-defense. There is no need to invest further in the preparation of never winning game of nuclear warfare. Rather they could focus on nuclear disarmament or 21st Century Détente to engage resources for economic growth. See 2-days cost of India’s $900b/a defense expenditure could educate all Indian children. Likewise, the methodology of conflict resolution today is not “3-Ms” – Money, Muscle and Manpower. But it is “reconciliation”. If countries want

regional security, in other words, to defend NATO, the only surviving military organization after the collapse of Warsaw Pact; SAARC countries, China and Japan also as hard power must have “solidarity” among themselves.

The Economic Diplomacy“4T-H/E Model”. Early 90’s this

author developed “4T-H/E Model” for countries like China, Nepal, India and SAARC members. The recent doctrines that Chinese President Xi Jingping’s Trans-Himalayan Economic Zone (THEZ) as well as India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Highways, Information Ways and Transmission Ways (HIT) could benefit from “4T-H/E Model”, which prescribes 4Ts - trade, tourism, transportation and transfer of technology.

NIBBCAP Connectivity ModelConnectivity is highly significant

and obligatory between China and India. If countries do not come under “Single Security Umbrella” also; trade, tourism, transportation, transfer of technology and resources utilization are part of human civilization and survival of the fittest in the 21st century. In 2004, this author developed 3-Dream-Projects in the SAARC region, namely, “NIBB-CAP Water Ways: 21st Century Multi-purpose Project” or “Him Canal” or “Him Water Ways” that connects China through Brahmaputra, Nepal’s Koshi, Gandaki, Karnali River basins via Varanasi, Lucknow and Meghna region to Bay of Bengal. Bilaterally Afghanistan-Pakistan in their border-river and Indo-Pak in Sutlej and Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives in Indian Ocean can benefit mutually. The 2nd is of “Him Rail Network” connecting India and China via Nepal. The 3rd is “Him Air Network” that suggests Nepal’s international airports in Bara, Lumbini and Pokhara aided by hill airstrips and very important for Mansarovar is an International Airport at China’s Kerung.

SA-RRR-S ModelThe Himalayas are accountable

for South Asian civilizations, water resources, minerals, habitats, flora and fauna etc. Therefore, it is important that

SAARC and the world support to save the Himalayas from climate change and more. SAARC should pass a resolution to get promised Copenhagen Fund of US$30b. India’s intra-state, South Asia’s Inter-state and Law of the Seas Conflicts in Indian Ocean can be resolved by “SA-RRR-S Model”. This stands for passing South Asian Regional Riparian Rights Statutes by SAARC. This protects the upstream and downstream rights of the states. This author, following Helsinki Convention of 1965, has suggested the SAARC to pass “Water Laws” to consult respective states mutually to do construction work within 8km of the bilateral boundary to mitigate inundation and border disputes. This directly applies to India’s proposal of constructing 200km road along McMahon Line and in Indo-Nepal-Bangladesh-Pakistan borders.

The Big ThawIf India’s Modi and China’s Xi

wish SAARC could be economic hub of 21st century, they could, not only write, but make history in the annals of SAARC. If India agrees, China could be a SAARC member and work together. China and India have enough products to supply to each other’s peoples. Now they should focus on economic connectivity. If Three Georges, Panama Canal, Suez Canal, Mongolian and Australian canals are possible, why not Him Canal! It will be cheaper in the long run and will solve all water disaster problems. Similarly, “Him Rail Network”, connecting India and China via Nepal is the best option of land route. Otherwise they can appeal EU, Japan, and ASEAN for the necessary FDI. Certainly both - the investors and the receivers - will benefit from the strategic location and potentials of SAARC.

Five theories for saaRC Paradigm shift

For a win-win situationDr Bhesh Bahadur Thapa, Foreign Minister (2004-2005)

Now the time has come to assess why we were not able to move rapidly from the beginning. The SAARC Secretariat, which is based in Kathmandu, does not run

well. We need to make it more effective by bringing qualified people from different areas of common interests.

Now I head the National Advisory Committee for the 18th SAARC Summit. This is a very important decision made by the Nepal government. How to make SAARC more effective? How to enhance connectivity? How to strengthen the secretariat? The Committee focuses on these issues.

When SAARC was established in 1985, I was the Ambassador of Nepal to America. I remember when a very high level official talked about the future of SAARC with me that year. They were looking at SAARC with a great deal of hope for South Asia.

The key to cooperation is to find out what is a win-win situation for all countries.

Four Nepalese Foreign Ministers’ take on SAARCIn the right direction

Kamal Thapa, Foreign Minister (1997-1998)

South Asia has been being a consistent volatile region in the world. It would be inappropriate to expect more from this regional organization. To deal

on bilateral or political contentious issues between SAARC member states doesn’t fall under the ambit of the SAARC as per its charter.

Initially, India was not encouraged and happy to establish the SAARC; full of distrust towards neighboring countries—Nepal and Bangladesh, are the ones to have floated the idea. Since the beginning the message aimed at turning SAARC into a powerful body is weak.

In recent times, however, member states - India included- have gradually given importance to this forum. This is a very positive development and SAARC is finally moving ahead with the agenda of economic cooperation. I would say that we are moving in the right direction.

Stop the ‘talking shop’Ramesh Nath Pandey, Foreign Minister (2005-2006)

A few decisions taken evenduring the first Summit are still awaiting implementation. SAARC should be brought to the level of common people. Think-tanks can play a significant role to promote SAARC at people’s level.

Serving or retired bureaucrats have been running SAARC. The SAARC Secretary General should be given more power.

We should amend the SAARC Charter to make it a decision-making and strong body. The upcoming SAARC summit must decide two things. First, how to make sure that all past agreements or declarations reached among SAARC member states will be implemented. The summit should also take the decision to scrap all declarations that can’t be implemented. I would say that the regional bloc should go above its current status of ‘talking shop’.

Second, the summit should take the decision to start new common mega projects in the member states, so that everyone cooperates to run these projects successfully. These projects can be established on a sub-regional basis aiming to promote economic development.

Revive SAFTAUpendra Yadav, Foreign Minister (2008-2009)

SAARC is moving at a slow pace and I won’t hesitate in saying that it is among the most inactive regional bodies. SAARC Summits taking place every few years on a rotational basis, have been just a formality

so far. Most of the SAARC declarations issued by

member states in earlier summits are still not in implementation phase. If we go into implementing earlier commitments, SAARC can turn into a powerful regional bloc and will successfully resolve burning issues such as poverty, the effects of climate change and unemployment, which are hampering the development of South Asia.

While talking about economic cooperation among member states, the effectiveness of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) is crucial. The proper implementation of the SAFTA can really help enhancing regional cooperation in the economic sector. As of today, nothing has improved on this front since the signing of the SAFTA.

(Based on APD interview with Former Foreign Ministers)

Chinese President Xi Jinping hosted the annual Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic Leaders’ Meeting held in Beijing on Nov.7-13. Here are some prime sentences extracted from his speeches and talks.

1. More friends, more opportunities. Friends and neigbors become closer when they visit each other more often.

2. Asian countries are just like a cluster of brighter lanterns. Only when we link them together, can we light up the night sky in our continent.

3. If the “Belt and Road” are linked to the two wings of a soaring Asia, then connectivity is like their arteries and veins. (Belt means the Silk Road Economic Belt and Road is the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.)

4. With roads in place, people and goods can flow.5. People who cherish the same ideals follow the same

path.6. Aspire for high and grand with planting our feet firmly

on the ground.7. Shall we continue to lead the world in creating a bright

future, or shall we slow down only to be outperformed by others? Shall we deepen the integration process, or shall we let ourselves slip into a vortex of fragmentation? Shall we embrace openness and inclusiveness to work together for an Asia-Pacific century, or shall we cling to an outdated mindset throughout the 21st century?

8. A great era calls for great vision, which in turn requires great wisdom.

9. We should replace the “winner-take-all” mentality with an all-win approach and work together for great development and prosperity of our region.

10. Life never favors those who always follow the beaten path and content themselves with the satus quo. Instead, life saves opportunities for people who are willing and able to reform and innovate.

SAARCSAARC is an identity of fraternity,A denomination of brotherhood,A collective effort for a new pathTo open, to lead the innovation.SAARC is a dream, a visionof a bright future, happiness, peace and co-operative nations.SAARC an identity of common endeavour to eliminate poverty, illness from The South Asian Countries.SAARC is a common forumto exchange our pain and pleasureto exchange our experience and achievements an ultimate name of co-operation,co-existence on the ground of brotherhood.SAARC should protect, feed peopleunder its warm wings,It should spread out a warmmessage of peace & prosperity from the regionLet all people of this regionbe happy, live happilyembrace each other with the arms of love, compassion and empathy.

Precious words for the great era

MAnohAr lAMiChhAne

By dr BiShnu hAri nePAl

special issue FOR The 18Th saaRc summiT

issue 16 | nOvemBeR 16-30 2014 | 12 pages | Rs. 5.00 in association with

18sUMMiT

kaThMandU, nOVEMbEr 26-27, 2014

dEEpEr inTEgraTiOn fOr pEacE and prOspEriTy

Sheikh HasinaPrime Minister, Bangladesh

Sushil KoiralaPrime Minister, Nepal

Narendra ModiPrime Minister, India

Tshering Tobgay Prime Minister, Bhutan

Mahinda RajapaksaPresident, Sri Lanka

Ashraf Ghani President, Afghanistan

Abdulla YameenPresident, Maldives

Nawaz SharifPrime Minister, Pakistan

Th

prime content a-Z on page 7

The poorest The most illiterate

The most malnourishedThe most deprived region The most gender sensitive

.....

3

4 interview

SAARC at an important historical juncture

Unnatural India-Pakistan relations stifle SAARC

What significance does the theme for the upcoming 18th SAARC hold?

Following several rounds of discussions and deliberations, we agreed on the theme ‘Deeper Integration for Peace and Prosperity’. Peace is vital in this region. All countries should enjoy harmonious relations based on mutual understanding. People in this region need prosperity. Poverty alleviation and quality education are our priorities. We believe that there should not be no illiterate persons in the region. South Asia must harness its untapped potential. Resources need to be exploited, developed and utilized. A deeper integration, peace and prosperity must be built among SAARC members.

SAARC has not been successful in the past. What are the reasons?

SAARC has not been very effective. Declaration is not important; implementation is what really matters. The collective effort of all SAARC members is necessary to turn the declaration into a reality, and consider implementation a key priority. Each member should be proactive and relations between SAARC countries smooth.

How can the 18th SAARC Summit

contribute to improve the situation?While visiting SAARC members and

meeting Heads of State and government officials, I found them very enthusiastic. They expressed their committment to make SAARC more functional and effective. As

part of the 18th SAARC Summit, leaders will hold side-line meetings focusing on bilateral and trilateral issues. I am sure that this Summit will contribute to regional development; making relations between SAARC members more harmonious. SAARC members have changed their vision and working style keeping pace with changing times and regional dynamics. Their vision and wisdom will in the long run contribute to the overall improvement of the people and the region.

Can India be taken as an example?The world is dynamic and changeable.

At times, change appears in concrete forms, whereas other times one has to look deeper into the matter. Our region has changed. For example, see how NATO forces are withdrawing from Afghanistan. India - in the past 30 years - was ruled by coalition governments. But the landslide victory of Modi’s BJP in the last election, transformed the country’s political landscape. India, as you mentioned, maintains harmonious relations with its neighbors, with countries in the region and beyond. Nepal has two neighbors – China and India - and both countries are sitting together, exploring ways to strengthen ties.

This is the third time for Nepal to host the SAARC Summit. How can Nepal benefit from it?

It is not a question of one country or the other; every nation will benefit from SAARC. We are living in a very competitive world. You need to compete internationally, but before you compete internationally, you have to be able to compete regionally. We have one huge regional market for goods and products to compete. This is a challenge for us as we are a small nation with limited capacity. For a small country to compete in a big market it is quite challenging. But if we can leave a mark, then the opportunities are huge. Our strength lies in our resources, we have to focus on few key areas to become more competitive in SAARC.

Economic cooperation among South Asian nations is not satisfactory. What do you think the reason is?

The major problem is political. India and Pakistan constitute 90 percent of the SAARC economy. So naturally, unless these countries enjoy strong and

productive relations, SAARC cannot make a quantum leap. We are all giving high priority to the normalization of relations between the two countries. At the moment, SAARC is not moving forward because even the agreement on the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) is not fully operative. It is bogged down by a long negative list restricting regional trade in South Asia. Tariff barriers and the high cost of trade due to the restricted movement of goods based on geographical advantage, means that the agreement does not yield the desired results. There are restrictions in terms of bilateral trade (India-Pakistan for instance) and trade outside of the SAARC region. To reverse this trend, it is necessary to improve the political dialogue between South Asian countries. Business, trading and transaction costs must be reformed, and the constraints on the implementation of SAFTA lifted. Then only, SAARC’s economy can grow.

As you know, China is currently only an Observer to SAARC. What do you think of this?

It is good that China has got an observer status. Over the course of time, it could become a full-fledged member. But at the moment, SAARC itself must be fully functional to pave the way for China’s entry into the community.

What are your expectations for the 18th SAARC Summit?

Going one step forward in the direction of regional integration, would be a great contribution. The main points to tackle are movement of capital and investment, greater trade, infrastructural links and intra-regional cooperation. Ultimately, the objective is to forge a common market, starting from the establishment of a customs union, to finally an economic one. For that we need to push forward the agenda of a common electricity grid while boosting regional connectivity in terms of highways, trade and telecommunications. Finally, for a regional market to grow, SAFTA should be fully implemented. I am confident that some progress will be made during this SAARC Summit.

Is the government well-prepared for the 18th SAARC Summit? In what ways is this Summit going to be significant?

SAARC has been in existence for a long time. Every Summit holds significance. We feel very fortunate that Nepal is all set to host the 18th Summit at a time when the country is dealing with tremendous changes and transitions. The opportunity to host the SAARC Summit at this juncture definitely holds great significance. In fact, the Summit will help showing the world at large that Nepal is gearing towards prosperity. This Summit, we believe, is an opportunity for us all to further deepen the integration among the countries of the region.

What concrete role will your ministry play before and during the SAARC Summit?

Firstly, there comes the postal service. We will bring out commemorative stamps to mark the event. Secondly, our communication strategy will have to be at its best during the Summit. Mobile phone and internet facilities are important for the event. Thirdly, the ministry has to work towards ensuring uninterrupted communication across the region. Broadcasting the Summit as well as the retreat of the Heads of State is definitely a priority. We feel that it is our responsibility to ensure that the message will be spread throughout the region and across the world.

How do you comprehend the theme of this year’s SAARC Summit: “Deeper integration for Peace and Prosperity”?

You see, the trade volume between member states is not satisfactory. The total volume of trade within SAARC stands at less than 5 percent. The volume is higher between our member states and third countries. Moreover, levels of regional investment are low. Considering this scenario, business between SAARC members should increase and investment and joint ventures encouraged. To this end, theme of ‘deeper integration’ is appropriate. Regarding ‘peace and prosperity’, despite Nepal being a peaceful nation, other SAARC members are experiencing higher levels of conflict on border zones. It is very important that we learn from each other’s experiences in peace building. Nepal can spread a peaceful message to other nations. This year’s theme is relevant and significant; Kathmandu will be the venue to convey this message.

What is your view on the theme of connectivity?

Connectivity must be looked in terms of two dimensions. The first is broadcasting, the second one, Information and Communications

Technology. SAARC states have realized tremendous improvements in the fields of telecommunications, internet, and broad band connectivity - but this connectivity has to transcend beyond the confined borders of SAARC’s members. I am optimistic that this Summit can be an opportunity to talk about issues related to information and communication technology.

Dr. Minendra Rijal, Minister of Information and Communication and

Xinhua News Agency, Kathmandu Bureau Chief, Zhou Shengping during

an exlusive interview with APD.

SAARC members have changed their vision and working style

Dr. Ram Saran Mahat Finance Minister

Mahendra Pandey Minister of Foreign Affairs

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Prior to the 18th SAARC Summit in Kathmandu, APD interviewed three ministers to understand their views on the Summit and its theme. Excerpts:

5china and saarc

As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China continues to play a decisive role in international affairs. SAARC member states share an extensive common border with China. Common rivers, mountains, religions, culture, and economic transactions inseparably link South Asia to China.

Despite such glorious historical ties between SAARC members and China, as well as Nepal’s long-drawn but modest attempt to bring China into the fold of inter-regional cooperation, there is no operative institutional mechanism that could legitimately facilitate dialogue between the regional bloc and China. This gap is unfortunate, especially when we look at it from the perspective that SAARC is already 29 years old.

The railway built to connect Lhasa with other regions of China is a major development for Nepal. Nepal should focus on boosting bilateral relations rather than regional ones. The wealth of the past that Nepal enjoyed was flourishing because of the transit route between India

and China. Economies are moving towards globalization and countries like Nepal are finding it hard to cope with increased competitivity. We cannot live in isolation. China has become the second global economic power. The concepts of sub-regional quadrangles should be tapped to exploit the tremendous resources available and eventually alleviate poverty. To bring peace, prosperity and stability in Nepal, China’s role is vital. We need to bring China into the SAARC family.

Some countries still view with suspicion the possibility of strenghtening ties with China. But possibilities of improving relations between South Asian countries and China exist; especially now,

given the newly developed ties between India and China.

When considering the possibility of inviting China to join SAARC, one should not forget that multilateral relationships alone do not work. Even individual countries in the region can individually build commercial and economic links with China. China can be an investor and assist SAARC as it grows by

contributing with financial aid, perhaps with a long-term loan. Furthermore, individual members of SAARC can enter into bilateral “give and take” arrangements with China. The South Asian regional bloc will only gain and has nothing to lose by having China as a partner.

After the admission of China as an observer to SAARC, the collective status of South Asian nations in international politics and economics has been raised, foreign affairs experts told APD.

Former Foreign Secretary and Nepal’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Madhu Raman Acharya is of the view that China’s rapid economic progress and its strong position in the global politics as a economic giant, has prompted SAARC nations to seek closer economic ties with ‘the rising Dragon’.

“SAARC nations should not be reluctant to maintain strong bilateral and regional ties with China as it has emerged as the second largest economy of the world. China’s role as an observer to SAARC, is important for all members. Particularly, political, economic and trade relations among South Asian nations and China will increasingly draw global attention,” Acharya said, adding, “China’s cooperation towards peace and prosperity with Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and India has reached new heights in recent years.”

Acharya expressed that SAARC can strenghten its regional identity and

be inspired by other politico-economic unions such as ASEAN and the EU.

Director at the Centre for South Asian Studies (CSAS) and Foreign Affairs expert Dr Nishchal Nath Pandey said, “China is now the largest trading partner of Bangladesh and India, second largest trading partner of Pakistan and Sri Lanka and the largest source of tourists to The Maldives.”

Noting that more Chinese cities are now connected by flight to Kathmandu compared to Indian ones, Pandey added that China’s relation with all SAARC

members is excellent.

“It will be an insult to keep China as an observer, some type of “SAARC+1” arrangement needs to be worked out.”

“In my own experience, EU and China are the most active observers to

SAARC. We cannot lump them up with other observers, some of whom haven’t done anything after joining.”

Dr Pandey explained that China has been holding the annual China-South Asia Expo in Kunming every year. The Expo has been successful in facilitating the access of South Asian products into the vast Chinese market. “In light of this efforts, some other modus operandi needs to be worked out between SAARC and China in the forthcoming summit,” Pandey concluded.

China’s entry into SAARC Nepal’s blessing

An insult to keep China as an observer

by apd reporter

Pave the way for China’s entryDr. Ram Sharan Mahat, Finance Minister

It is good that China has got an observer status. Over the course of time, it could become a full-fledged member. But at the moment, SAARC itself must be fully functional to pave the way for China’s entry into the community.

China’s role as observer to SAARC very positiveDr Minendra Rijal, Minister for Information and Communications

China is a very important

presence and enjoys good bilateral relations with almost every SAARC member. Bilateral relations should transcend far beyond the regional dymension, being China a leading global power.

Too early to invite China as a member

Dr Bhesh Bahadur Thapa, Former Foreign Minister

China, as one of the observers to SAARC, engages with many SAARC countries and is enhancing connectivity along borders. I think that would also work towards SAARC’s effectiveness.

To invite China as a SAARC member is quite premature. Not many years have gone by since

China joirned an an observer to SAARC. Time may come but it is too early to talk of this issue. China should be given its role to commensurate common interests with SAARC member states.

Do not keep China only as an observerRamesh Nath Pandey, Former Foreign Minister

The major power in Asia is India and its immediate neighbor China. This is why the rise of China is meaningful for South Asia.

We need to understand that the significance of SAARC and South Asia has grown in the global arena thanks to the rise of China. When during the 13th SAARC Summit in Dhaka the decision of involving China as the first observer was

taken, I was proud of having played a role in the development of the region.

What’s the difference between other observers and China? China’s active presence in SAARC will increase its importance and the speed of development in Asia. We should not keep China as an observer only. The eight Heads of State should find ways to engage China more actively in SAARC.

Nepal happy to see China as member of SAARCMahendra Bahadur Pandey, Minister for Foreign Affairs

If they all SAARC members agreed, Nepal will have no problems in turning China into a SAARC member. We have to respect the SAARC principles, the

SAARC charter.

To recognize China’s role Kamal Thapa, Former Foreign Minister

We have to recognize the role of China and that of other big giants in the economic development of the South Asian region. China’s active role as an observer to SAARC is beneficial.

Debate: China’s role and its future status in SAARC

by prem Kumari pant

PaNDey aCharya

Serves Nepal for 15 yearsKeeps 70 percent telecom market share

Owns 12000000 telecom users

6 photo feature

Someone rightly said: “If you want to see Kathmandu clean, green and tidy, either there has to be a high-profile visit or an international summit here.” This sounds true since the rigorous clean-up campaigns and renovation tasks have drastically changed Kathmandu’s facade. Keeping in view the upcoming 18th SAARC Summit which will be held on November 26-27, the government, along with the Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) and other organizations expedited works related to infrastructural development and

renovation. The list is endless: various

landmarks have been renovated, greenery planted, solar lamps installed, existing pavements refurbished, pedestrian railings fixed, roads suddenly maitained, buildings white-washed, waste managed, utility wires tied up, national flags installed. The city has definitely been ‘facelifted’. The government so far incurred expenses of roughly over $20

million. The final amount of expenses is yet to be made public.

The City Hall, the main venue of the two-day regional summit, is almost ready for the big event. Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) has been entrusted with the decoration of the areas surrounding the summit venue. Some 1,100 employees have been mobilized for the environmental management of the capital city. Likewise, more than 40 non-governmental organizations, clubs and users’ committees are also involved in waste collection and river cleanup campaigns.

TEXT/PHOTOSPRATAP THAPA

‘Clean and tidy’ Kathmandu awaits SAARC

Workers renovate the main gate of Singha Durbar, the government secretariat in Kathmandu.

Nepal Police in front of the Rastriya Sabha Griha (City Hall), the venue of the SAARC Summit. Security in the capital has been beefed up.

Maitighar Mandala in the capital.

Bhimsen Tower, a nine storey tower in Kathmandu.

Nepal Army personnel on patrol

A painter painting the street divider on Durbar Marg (King’s way)

Workers busy clearing the drain

7cover story

AssociationBorn in 1985 in Bangladesh, the South

Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional association of eight South Asian countries (among them, Afghanistan joined in 2007) promoting economic integrity and cooperation in South Asia.

BankSouth Asian nations agreed to establish

a SAARC Development Bank during the eighth meeting of the South Asia Free Trade Area (SAFTA) Ministerial Council held in this July in Thimphu, Bhutan. India floated the proposal of the bank.

ConnectivityTwo summits in the past—the 14th

in New Delhi and the 17th in Male—had CONNECTIVITY as their central theme. This time, the theme “Connectivity for Shared Responsibility” recommended by Nepal’s National Advisory Commitee was denied.

Dialogue The summit will be preceded by several

dialogues:On November 22, the 46th session of the

Programming Committee,On November 23-24, the 41st session of

the Standing Committee,On November 25, the 36th session of the

SAARC Council of Ministers.

EconomyThe acceleration of economic growth is

a charter objective of SAARC. The World Bank said the region’s economy will expand by a real 6 percent in 2015 and by 6.4 percent in 2016 compared to 5.4 percent this year.

First LadyLeaders’ spouses will also attend the

summit. Since, Nepal’s Prime Minister Sushil Koirala is a bachelor, his niece Sujata Koirala, former Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, will help him as the First Lady of Nepal.

GrowthAccording to a recent UNICEF report, 4

out of 10 children under the age of five have stunted growth due to chronic under nutrition in South Asia. At the same time, an estimated 28 percent children are born underweight, largely due to women’s poor nutrition.

Host This is the third time for Nepal to host

the regional summit. Earlier, Nepal hosted the 3rd and 11th summits in November 1987 and 2002.

Integration“Deeper Integration for Peace and

Prosperity” is the theme for the 18th SAARC Summit. Since the early 1990s, several attempts have been initiated to boost South Asia’s economic integration through a number of trade agreements at bilateral, sub-

regional, and multilateral levels.

Joint EffortSAARC leaders have stressed for joint

efforts in various sectors.

KathmanduKathmandu, the headquarters of the

SAARC Secretariat, gets a facelift, including the installation of 1200 solar lights with the financial and technical support of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and China.

LeaderIndian Prime Minister Narendra Modi

has said that India’s rise depends on the support of its neighbors. Now, the whole world’s eyes are on India, looking at the largest country in the region with curiosity: How can Modi take the lead to pull together

and animate the weak SAARC?

MutualAccording to the consensus, bilateral

issues can’t be raised in the SAARC Summit, but these issues always emerge in a dominant manner. In fact, mutual suspicions and trust deficit are considered as the main factors hampering the development of SAARC.

New MediaNew Media and social media have been

popular amongst the younger generation of the SAARC nations. There are 19,90,820 Facebook users in Nepal making it 66 in the global ranking, over 1,00,000 Nepalese are Twitter users.

ObserversCurrently, Australia, China, the European

Union, Iran, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mauritius, Myanmar and the US are observers to SAARC. Now, the economic and political organization needs to redefine the 9 observers’ role.

PactsIt is reported that four agreements

related to railways, SAARC motor vehicles, the SAARC youth charter and energy cooperation will be signed during the 18th Summit.

QuestionQuestions and skepticism are in the

air. Some analysts are pessimistic that this summit might be the continuation of previous ones.

Relations and RetreatThe SAARC meeting will help in further

strengthening the relations among member states. Dhulikhel, a tourist destination located some 30 kilometers from Kathmandu, has been selected as a retreat center for Heads of State.

SecuritySAARC member states have agreed to

fight terrorism, extremism and radicalism posing threats to South Asia. Organized crimes, cross border crimes, trafficking in persons, narcotics trade, are other security challenges the region is currently facing.

Transformation Almost all SAARC members and

observer states need to transform growth strategies, stabilize the economy and promote reforms.

UrbanizationThe impact of rapid urbanization in South

Asian countries needs to be examined.

VenueRastriya Sabha Griha (City Hall) is the

venue for the two-day summit. The City Hall, the first public edifice for indoor functions in Kathmandu, was constructed by China 43 years ago.

WarSouth Asia was a war-torn region in the

past. Till now, periodic conflicts between India and Pakistan, the two largest members of SAARC, still exist. The long-standing tension between these two countries is considered to be one of the biggest trouble-makers, hampering the growth of SAARC.

Xi Jinping Chinese President Xi Jinping will

not come to Nepal to participate in this summit because China is just an observer. But Nepalese people are impatient at the thought of a future visit. The leader will most probably pay a visit to Nepal in 2015 on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Nepal.

Year of SAARCSeveral years have been designated as

the Year of SAARC. For example, 2006 was designated as the South Asia Tourism Year. Likewise, 2002-03 were designated as the SAARC Year of Contribution of Youth and Environment.

Zero TariffSome day, leaders hope, there will be no

tariff between the SAARC member states. If that comes true, people may pay the same price to buy a gadget in Kathmandu and in Male.

A-Z: SAARC & its 18th Summit

Venue of SAARC Summit (Photo/Pratap Thapa)

Kathmandu City

Newly installed solar lights in the capital.

8 education

Rethinking education

It is the children in school today whom companies will be recruiting to their ranks in 2020, but what if the vast majority of these new employees will have been educated in weak education systems?

Pramod Shah, Founder of the Dibyabhumi Multiple College, believes that the skills of the youth will be the engines of Nepal’s future growth. But, critically, an education crisis in the country threatens this very possibility.

“We need an education system that promotes innovation and critical thinking. We must effectively learn from our missteps in the education sector,” Shah told APD.

The 21st century is marked by global interconnections. People, capital, information and goods all flow across borders at ever-increasing rates. To provide international academic exposure to his students, Shah has set up several collaborations with educational institutions abroad.

“I want my students to become global citizens exposed to different cultures and environments,” he said.

The 16-40 age group makes up almost 39 percent of Nepal’s total population; Shah focuses on youth empowerment as the key to success in bringing about change.

Shah encourages educational institutions to move away from conventional, old fashioned teaching methods; there is much more to learning than memorizing the syllabus. The social mobilizer places the

emphasis on delivering a much stronger focus on developing transversal skills, especially entrepreneurial and IT skills.

He believes that levels of work-based learning must be increased and hopes that the youth in Nepal will start seeing a purpose in learning outside of the classroom walls.

“From their first year of college, I make sure that my students participate in high quality internships that give them professional experience in areas in which they want to build their career,” Shah explained.

According to the educator, technology must be fully exploited. In his college, Shah has set up digital classrooms with most teaching materials available in audiovisual format. But whatever change the education system wants to create, the first step must come from well-trained and motivated teachers. “The gap between teachers and students must be narrowed for a new balance to be found,” Shah said.

While teachers, the government and international aid donors must be pushed to do more, new actors are clearly needed to advance the status of education in Nepal. According to Shah, the time has come for businesses to start investing.

“Despite our country being often portrayed as politically instable and business-unfriendly, I invite investors to come and see for themselves ways to tap the potential of our education sector,” he said, adding that Nepal could turn into an education hub because of its favorable environment, and cheap tuition fees compared to other countries.

Dear Graduates, I have three messages for you today. The first message: Try to understand yourself first.

Your generation is the generation of information. It is the generation of communication. Every moment we are constantly flooded with so much information that the challenge now is to be able to spend time wisely so that we seek and get the information that we need rather than information seeking us and taking us to the direction it wants. With a click we can know what our thousand friends are doing and we are constantly searching for others are up to. Let us take a moment and think when was the last time we spent couple of hours in silence, taking a time to reflect on what we have done and on what we plan to do next, what are the values we treasure and what is the vision we have. We are constantly wrangling on what we want to be in the future but somehow we tend to miss giving a serious thought on what we want to do now.

The hardest thing in life is not to understand others but to understand oneself and the most underutilized resource in the world is nothing but one’s own capacity. As somehow rightly said, “life is not about finding yourself, it is about creating yourself’, and it starts with an in-depth understanding of yourself first.

The second message I have for you is- Constantly Challenge Yourself.

I really like the quote by Francis Chan, a Catholic preacher who said “Our greatest fear should not be of failure but of succeeding at things in life that don’t really matter.”

We tend to get so used to following the same path that thousands of others have taken. I know that it is easy, safe and reassuring, but the problem with it is, we will reach the destination that thousands others have already reached, where probably our presence or even absence might not make any difference. I am not telling you to be reckless but am suggesting you to be courageous enough to seek newer paths. Nelson Mandela was a successful lawyer before he chose to take the long walk to freedom. Mahatma Gandhi was a well-established lawyer in South Africa before he came to India and gave the direction of the Indian independence movement. Name any great person and check whether they ever dared to take the challenges that seemed impossible when they began. You will find that

‘yes they did’!My dear graduates, let us think

for a moment, when was the last time we really decided to move out of our comfort zone and tried to do something that others had hardly believed to be possible?

In his poem “The Road Not Taken”, the famous American poet Robert Frost said,

Two roads diverged in a wood, and II took the one less travelled by,And that has made all the difference.

As you leave today as fresh, bright graduates, look at the world with a different lens, find out untouched territories and dare to take the road less travelled by and make the difference that nobody ever dreamed of.

The final message I have for you is – Be Patient and Perseverant.

I know we don’t like to wait that is perfectly fine, but the problem is not that we are impatient; the problem is that we lack the patience to work long enough to deserve success. Let us be impatient to wait for things to change for themselves, but let us have the patience of a river to make sure that we lay down every single stone that paves the way to success. How many times have we given up when we failed?

As you leave this event today, with the confidence and strength to change the world, I want you to remember that whatever comes, be disappointed but never ever be discouraged. The missions you will undertake are too important to be forsaken because of the failures you will experience. You will be rejected, you will be turned down, you will be made fun of, you will be doubted, but my dear graduates, rise up. Rise up like the river that

doesn’t get halted by rocks. And if you ever feel that we can be of help to you, do come to us.

Let me conclude today by quoting George Bernard Shaw, “Some look at things that are and ask why I dream of things that never were and ask why not?”

(Excerpts from a speech by Prof. Dr. Ram Kantha Makaju Shrestha, Vice Chancellor, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel on November 8, 2014 on the occasion of the University’s 20th Convocation)

An inspiring, uplifting and motivating speech

Understand and challenge yourself with patienceBy dr. ram kantha makaju shrestha

By BiBBi aBruzzini

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And YOU?And YOU?

By mahesh Bhatta

BOOK REVIEW

First year of China’s Diplomacy Under The New Leadership’ is an interesting read comprising of articles by renowned Nepalese personalities based on China’s diplomacy under the new leadership of the fifth generation. For those interested in the Chinese foreign policy and have particular interest in understanding China’s changing diplomacy under its new leadership, this book is balanced, orderly and informative.

The book offers the readers the chance to understand China’s interest in the external world through soft power for its sustainable growth and stability. As Dr. Milan Tuladhar reminds the readers, China has named this policy as an external dimension of the Chinese dream. As an integral part of China’s foreign policy, the book has tried to explore the economic,

political, security and infrastructural development concerns of China in the region and beyond. Another pressing subject that the book addresses is the different models and classifications of China’s diplomacy. Mr. Binod P Bista in his article highlighted the major models of China’s relations with foreign countries: Neighbourhood diplomacy, developing countries diplomacy and major power diplomacy.

The book provides a larger picture depicting different dimensions of the healthy relationship between Nepal and China. Since Nepal is strategically important for South Asia as well as for China, the country can play a significant role in promoting bilateral and regional relations between the regional bloc and China. Prof. Lohani writes about how the trilateral trade and economic cooperation between Nepal, China and India can further ensure the economic prosperity in these three

countries and in South Asia. The book provides enough insights about China’s mutuating diplomatic relations with the changing world. This analytical expression of China’s diplomacy gives space to the reader to rethink and re-establish effective diplomatic relations with other nations. The book is an opportunity to understand the changing patterns of China’s foreign policy in the latest era under President Xi. Mr. C.P. Gajurel in his article refers a quote by Mr. Xi -“in diplomacy one must understand the trend of the time, devise strategy and plan carefully”. The book reminds of ‘public diplomacy’ followed by China and President Xi’s importance to people to people connectivity and cooperation.

China’s interest in enhancing cooperation and friendly relations with its neighbours is another significant message. For instance, Mr. Bhagirath Basnet states that China’s new leadership seems focused on putting

maximum efforts to accommodate neighbour’s interest. The book has made an invaluable contribution to the scholarship on China’s diplomacy and its ties with regional organizations like EU, AU, ASEAN, SAARC as well as with bilateral one and MNCs from all over the world. The book also reveals China’s vision to develop itself as a moderately prosperous society by 2021 and a prosperous, strongly democratic and modern socialist country by 2049. Prof. Shreedhar Gautam mentioned that China’s foreign policy does not seem directed to confrontation but to cooperation instead.

The book provides a clear picture of China’s positive aspects and the successful stories of its diplomatic relations. Critiques and ineffective anecdotes of China particularly on its diplomatic and foreign relations would have been an additional help in understanding China from another perspective.

The come-hither of new diplomacy

Everybody is reading!

Edited by: Prof. Mohan P Lohani

Prof. Shreedhar Gautam

10 business

A proposal made by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang to expedite interconnectivity with China’s diplomatically prioritized neighbors in the ASEAN bloc is expected to boost bilateral relations and generate new momentum for growth.

During a series of leaders’ meetings on East Asian cooperation held in Myanmar on Nov.13, the premier said China would offer over 20 billion U.S. dollars in loans to support Southeast Asian interconnectivity.

The offer includes a preferential loan worth 10 billion dollars for the ASEAN member bloc and a 10 billion dollar loan,

set up by the China Development Bank, for regional infrastructure development.

Li said that interconnectivity was a prerequisite for healthy regional trade, and investment liberalization.

China and Southeast Asian countries should ensure sufficient and smooth sea, air and land transportation links; enhanced planning and construction in the fields of telecommunication, electric power and Internet infrastructure; as well as improved convenience in the areas of customs clearance, and market regulations, supervision and standardization.

“The interconnection proposal made by the premier will be a pillar for China-ASEAN relations in the future and create new growth,” said vice president of the China Institute of International Studies Ruan Zongze.

Ruan said that the financial support was welcomed by ASEAN.

“Infrastructure projects,

such as bridges, roads and ports will unleash massive growth potential. Many Southeast Asian nations have the demand for more infrastructure projects, however, without sufficient funding,” Ruan said during an online interview on the Chinese central government’s website.

According to an estimate by the Asia Development Bank in 2009, Asia needs about 8 trillion U.S. dollars in investment by 2020 to improve the region’s battered infrastructure and to keep their economies humming.

China also proposed the establishment of an Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

(AIIB) to fund infrastructure projects in underdeveloped Asian countries.

Last month, a total of 21 Asian economies inked a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the establishment of the AIIB with expected initial subscribed capital of 50 billion U.S. dollars.

During the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Beijing meetings that concluded this week, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced China will contribute 40 billion U.S. dollars to set up a Silk Road Fund, which will support infrastructure; resources; industrial cooperation; financial cooperation; and other projects among countries along the “Belt and Road”.

The Belt and Road notion refers to the Silk Road Economic Belt, which runs from China via Central Asia and Russia to Europe, and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which runs through the Straight of Malacca to India, the Middle East and East Africa.

Twenty-five years after the founding of APEC, the 21-member forum now covers a population of 2.8 billion, or 40 percent of the global total. APEC members produce 57 percent of the global gross domestic product (GDP) and contribute 48 percent of global trade.

This year’s APEC meetings, which concluded in Beijing on Nov. 13, adopted two important documents: “The 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’ Declaration: Beijing Agenda for an Integrated, Innovative and Interconnected Asia-Pacific,” and the “Statement on the 25th Anniversary of APEC: Shaping the Future through Asia-Pacific Partnership.”

The APEC members made

a blueprint agreeing to enhance physical, institutional and people-to-people connections by 2025. The members also agreed to start a joint strategic study on the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP), marking the official launch of the FTAAP process.

The Chinese government has also announced a set of measures to step up cooperation with its APEC partners.

During the meetings, Chinese President Xi Jinping said China will contribute 40 billion U.S. dollars to set up a Silk Road Fund, providing investment and financing support to carry out infrastructure, resource, industrial, and financial cooperation with neighboring countries.

Xi also announced that China will donate 10 million U.S. dollars for institutional development and capacity building for APEC and provide 1,500 training places to help developing APEC members improve their ability in the fields of trade and investment in the next three years.

China and the United States issued a joint statement on climate change to limit greenhouse gas emissions. According to the statement, China pledged that its carbon dioxide emissions will peak around 2030 and the country will increase the share of non-fossil fuels in its primary energy consumption to around 20 percent by 2030.

APEC consensus for regional integration

Interconnectivity building to harness China-ASEAN relations

The G20 leaders said on November 16 that they remain confident about raising their collective GDP by more than 2 percent by 2018 despite renewed risks in global economy.

After two days of discussions, leaders of 20 major world economies reaffirmed their pledge in overcoming geopolitical tensions and financial risks to spur global growth by an additional 2 percent above current projections over five years.

“This year we set an ambitious goal to lift the G20’s GDP by at least an additional 2 percent by 2018,” reads a communiqué issued after the conclusion of leaders summit in Brisbane, Australia.

Analysis by the IMF-OECD indicates that the commitment, if fully implemented, will deliver 2.1 percent, which will add more than 2 trillion U.S. dollars to the global economy and create millions of jobs, it said.

The ninth meeting of its kind since 2008, the summit was centered on boosting growth and creating jobs, building a stronger, more resilient global economy as well as strengthening global institutions.

The G20 also tackled the issue of tax evasion by multinationals, energy, climate change, Ebola and terrorism.

After leading the world out of an economic crisis and through the initial stages of recovery, the G20

nations, which represent 85 percent of global gross domestic product, have shifted their attention to sustained growth.

Besides macroeconomic policies settings, G20 governments have been urged to press ahead with domestic structural reforms that have positive spillovers to global

economic outlook. “We will monitor and

hold each other to account for implementing our commitment,” the leaders pledged.

At collective level, the G20 will continue to pressure the United States to ratify IMF 2010 quota and governance reform package by year-end which emerging economies said they would ask the IMF

to develop possible next steps if the United States refuses.

“The implementation of the 2010 reforms remains our highest priority for the IMF and we urge the U.S. to ratify them,” the G20 leaders reiterated.

G20 leaders upbeat about breathing new life

11

6

health

News digest

OniOns

When choosing vegetables for losing weight, it´s important to remember that you want to include lots of flavor so that your diet doesn’t get too boring. Onions are excellent for adding taste to your meals, whether you prefer them raw or cooked.

Best VegetaBles for Weight loss

1CuCumber

The cucumber is one of the best vegetables for weight loss. It´s extremely low in calories and contains lots of water.

brOCCOli

When trying to lose weight, include plenty of broccolis in your diet. It contains no fat at all, and plenty of carbohydrate. These are slow-release carbohydrates, which is great for helping to keep your energy levels up.

2

beans

The great thing about using them for weight loss is that they also count as a source of protein and have lots of fiber. So cut down on your meat intake and substitute all or some of it with beans instead.

spinaCh

Spinach is another brilliant vegetable when you´re trying to lose weight. If you´ve always disliked it, try cooking it very lightly – spinach needs barely any cooking at all. You can also serve it raw in salads.

CarrOts

Carrots should be included among vegetables for losing weight. Just think of all that beta-carotene and fiber!

3

4

5

6

As indicated by the life expectancy at birth component of the Human Development Index (HDI), Nepal seems to have made considerable progress in the health sector.

Nepal’s life expectancy at birth in 2007 was 66.3 years (67-M/69-F by 2012), which was just below Maldives and Sri Lanka (UNDP 2009). According to the Nepal Millennium Development Goal Progress Report 2010, infant mortality rate and under-five mortality rate decreased from 108 and 162 per 1,000 live births respectively.

Similarly, maternal mortality ratio has decreased from 850 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 229 in 2010, and the percentage of births attended by skilled birth attendants has increased from 7 percent to 28.8 percent.

The Human Development Index (HDI) value that the country score was 0.553, ranking it 144; just above Afghanistan and Bangladesh (UNDP).This can be attributed to

the cooperation among SAARC nations. However, if we analyze it horizontally, it seems that the progress in health sector has been possible primarily thanks to the efforts of international donors and Nepal government’s policies. Therefore, it is high time that the SAARC member states focus on developing the health sector.

Some vital problems of Nepal’s health system:

- Insecurity and conflict- Lack of human resources- Lack of supplies and

equipment at rural facilities- Lack of sufficient

infrastructure inputs- Mismanagement of ‘poor fund’

and subsidies- Mistrust and fear of

government services- Poor perceived quality of care

and provider behavior- Supply and demand

centralized- InaccessibilityTo address the above problems

and deficiency, the following issues have to be raised during the SAARC Summit:

- To establish ‘SAARC Medical College’ to share ideal technological developments in health sector and foster connectivity in health sector

- To establish separate Epidemic Health Unit to counter fatal epidemic outbreaks like Bird flu, SAARS, Ebola, etc.

- To present a concrete plan for the development of traditional/alternation/complementary medicine systems (Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Homeopathy, Siddha, etc)

- To enc.ourage foreign investment in health service

- To institutionalize health service in Nepal.

After 29 years since its establishment, South Asian nations have not been able to show SAARC’s significant contribution to the health status. History imparts that despite making several declarations aimed at improving the health sector, no effective and collective efforts in terms of implementation have been made. Let’s hope that the 18th SAARC Summit will be a turning point encouraging not only policy but also execution.

Doctors go on strike, patients stop dying?

Whenever medical doctors go on strike, a most interesting phenomenon occurs - death rates go down! In 1976 in Bogota, Columbia medical doctors went on strike for 52 days, with only emergency care available. The death rate dropped by 35 percent. In 1976 in Los Angeles County a similar doctors’ strike resulted in an 18 percent drop in mortality. As soon as the strike was over, the death rate went back to normal. A 50 percent decrease in mortality occurred in Israel in 1973 when there was a one month doctor’s strike!

But when doctors are on strike, the scientific research evidence finds that patients stop dying. The most comprehensive review of the medical impact of doctors’ strikes is published in the prestigious academic journal Social Science and Medicine. A team led by Solveig Cunningham and Salim Yusuf at Emory and Georgetown Universities in the USA and McMaster University in Canada, analyzed five physician strikes around the world, all between 1976 and 2003.

Doctors withdrew their labor, in the different strikes analyzed, from between nine days and 17 weeks. Yet all the different studies report population mortality either stays the same, or even decreases, during medical strikes. Not a single study found death rates increased during the weeks of the strikes, compared to other times.

For example, in a strike in Los Angeles County, California in January 1976, doctors went on strike in protest over soaring medical malpractice insurance premiums. For five weeks, approximately 50 percent of doctors in the county reduced their practice and withheld care for anything but emergencies.

It’s the fact that elective, or non-emergency surgery, tends to stop during a doctors’ strike, which seems to be the key factor. It looks like a surprising amount of mortality occurs following this kind of procedure which disappears when elective surgery ceases due to doctors withdrawing their labor. Mortality declined steadily from week one (21 deaths/100,000 population) to weeks six (13) and seven (14), when mortality rates were lower than the averages of the previous five years.

However, as soon as elective surgery resumed, there was a rise in deaths. There were 90 more deaths associated with surgery for the two weeks following the strike in 1976.

Treatment of SAARC guestsThe Ministry of Health and Population has been entrusted for the

health check up and treatment of VVIPs, VIPs and guests coming for the SAARC Summit. Different hospitals, including TU Teaching Hospital, Sahid Gangalal Heart Centre, Bir Hospital and Civil Hospital are well prepared for the purpose. Likewise, Bir Hospital will keep a team of doctors, nurses and an ambulance on stand by at the Soaltee Crown Plaza and Rastriya Sabha Griha, the venues of the Summit.

SAARC Summit should not ignore health issues

By apd reporter

12 tourism

By shiva Bhusal

Nepal is a cheap travel destination?

Nepal is one of the best tourist destinations but not the cheapest, despite what most people would normally expect. Though the cost of survival is nominal in comparison to other top tourist destinations across the globe, one can’t really underestimate the charges for practicalities such as insurances, route permits and trainings added to normal expenses. All these additional costs can make your trip exorbitant, with the bill soaring beyond your average approximation.

The prices of goods and services in Nepal is comparatively higher for foreigners than it is for locals. There are instances when tourists are being charged a lot more compared to local travelers in public transports. The same applies to hotel tariffs, restaurants and even small tea-shops.

Trekking and mountaineering is the chief attraction for many tourists visiting Nepal. But these amusements get extremely expensive, considering the preliminary charges to be paid to the government before the real

expedition itself. If you are caught in calamities such as snowstorms or avalanches, it gets even more costly, bearing in mind medical expenses and the charges for chartering helicopters.

Preliminary charges include the cost of the route permit, the insurance and the training before you set out to climb a mountain. The rigorous trainings on free climbing, landscape and safety mechanisms are not mandatory, but the knowledge and skills gained from a short training course can always be handy during the trip.

According to Sagar Pandey, Secretary of Trekking Agencies’ Association of Nepal (TAAN), the Royalty fee to climb Mt. Everest is of 15,000 dollars for each climber; which is the most expensive one. The royalty fee is comparatively cheap for other peaks. What one has to understand is that this amount is paid just to get a permission, not even to climb!

The charge varies according to the season with a discount of 50 percent being offered in the winter and summer season and a discount of 75 percent being offered in the autumn season.

“The reason for the price being higher in spring is that the number of tourists visiting Nepal increases during this season,” Pandey clarified.

“The training courses and the insurance before the expedition are costly but they will certainly save your money in the future,” he argued, “They might save your priceless life as well”. Different insurance policies are being offered by national and international companies in Nepal, which cover possible risks.

“Tourists often come to Nepal expecting a cheaper life and low expenses but in reality, the cost goes beyond their expectation,” said Pandey, adding that the government shouldn’t just count the number of tourists but should also look at other statistics, such as the average expenditure of a tourist during his/her stay, the frequency of visits, and so on.

Guides play an important role during the trip, probably more than anyone else - helping visitors with site explanations and rescuing them during emergencies. Dammaru Niraula, who has been working as a freelance tourist guide for over two decades also shared a similar opinion with this writer.

“Most of the tourists visiting Nepal prefer quality services over money,” said Niraula. “Few of the tourists want to save their money and finish their journey in a hurry. Actually, they are the ones falling into trouble,” he argued, adding that foreigners shouldn’t always blame tourist guides; they should also be conscious and careful about their own safety.

Though an experienced guide means a greater charge, it also means full knowledge of the destination sites and less risks during the trip. “Because of the training and insurance packages, plus the trekking permits before the adventure even starts, and the cost for an experienced tourist guide, one cannot underestimate the cost of visiting Nepal,” Niraula shared.

China Eastern Airlines is to open a new daily flight route between Kathmandu and Shanghai via Kunming from December, 1, 2014.

According to the plan, a Boeing 737-700 with 134 passenger seats takes off at 9:00 am every day from Shanghai Pudong International Airport. After three hours and five minutes, it arrives in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, where it stays for one hour. It takes 55 minutes from Kunming to the destination Kathmandu. After one hour stopover at Tribhuwan International Airport, the flight will return to Kunming at 3 pm and fly to Shanghai.

Timetable (all local time)Shanghai Pudong → Kuming, Kuming → Kathmandu9:00am 12:05pm 13:05pm 14:00pmKathmandu → Kuming, Kuming→Shanghai Pudong15:00pm 20:05pm 21:05pm zero hour 10 am

For more information, please contact the Kathmandu office of China Eastern Airlines:

Tel: +977-1-4411666/4433500; Fax: +977-1-4411111.You can also visit the airlines website: http://en.ceair.com/

New air route from KTM to Shanghai

Vacancy annOUncEMEnTA Chinese Cargo Company is looking for (1-2) Nepali girls who can speak and write in Chinese language and have basic computer skills. Company Name: chinese cargo companyContact: 9803417152 (Mr. Huang)Office Address: Thamel Qualification: Intermediate (minimum)Working time: 10 am to 5 pmSalary: NegotiableDeadline: November 30, 2014