deep sea hydrothermal vents adaptations to hot and coldrlee/ocean/ventthermal.pdfadaptations to hot...
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Adaptations to hot and cold
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
Hostile Hostile
environmentenvironment•• Steep and Steep and
variable variable
thermal thermal
gradientsgradients
•• metabolic metabolic
toxins toxins --
HH22S, S,
elevated elevated
COCO22, heavy , heavy
metalsmetals
Alvinella pompejana 60-80 C?
Thermal tolerance
High pressure systemHigh pressure system
Investigate temperature and sulfide tolerance
• P. sulfincola type I&II
• P. palmiformis type II, III
• L. fucensis, D. globulus type II,III, IV&V
D. globulus and P. palmiformis
P. sulfincola 42-43 degrees C P. sulfincola at 50-52 degrees C
P. sulfincola
P. palmiformis
D. globulus
L. fucensis
10 20 30 40 50 60
degrees Celsius
1. active 2. reduced activity
3. active/not active after 4. not active
Effects of experimental temperature on activity of chimney macrofauna. Each data point represents an observation of a single chamber from one temperature experiment. Behavior was categorized as follows: (1) Activity at experimental temperature with continued activity following return to low temperatures, (2) obvious reduction or cessation of activity with restoration of activity following return to low temperatures, (3) activity at experimental temperature but cessation of activity at higher temperatures and/or no activity after return to low temperature, or (4) no activity with no return of activity at lower temperatures.
Lee, 2003
Enzyme thermal stability
Rinke and Lee 2008
Can we be sure that 55 C is the thermal maximum for P.
sulfincola
Thermal preference in a gradient
P. sulfincola temperature gradient
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
21:28
21:51
22:11
22:33
22:50
23:17
23:26
23:38
23:42
0:42
1:03
1:14
1:57
0:17
2.5-3.5
1.5-2.5
0.5-1.5
-0.5-0.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
21:28
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22:11
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0:00
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0:42
1:03
1:57
60-65
55-60
50-55
45-50
40-45
35-40
30-35
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
P. palmiformis temperature gradient
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
10:23
10:43
10:58
11:07
11:27
11:46
12:12
12:17
12:32
12:42
12:50
13:33
13:40
14:07
14:27
14:40
15:02
15:25
60-65
55-60
50-55
45-50
40-45
35-40
30-35
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
10:17
10:35
10:50
10:58
11:07
11:27
11:46
12:12
12:17
12:33
12:42
12:50
12:57
13:33
13:40
13:55
14:07
14:16
14:26
14:34
3.5-4.5
2.5-3.5
1.5-2.5
0.5-1.5
-0.5-0.5
In situ heating experiment
Worm heater
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 19 28 37 46 55 64 73 82 91 100 109 118 127 136
de
gre
es
C
High pressure aquarium studies• Thermal limit and preference for all major
macrofauna species at Endeavour
Thermal mapping of the vent
environment
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sensor 7
sensor6
outside sensor 3
sensor3
sensor 5
tide (m)
In situ time-lapse
camera and temperature sensor array
Temperature record over 27 hours
Dive 4528 Ashes
Hand held array on sulfide worm/senescent
Ridgeia
Camera 8 dive 4527 4528
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 69 137 205 273 341 409 477 545 613 681 749 817 885
Series1
Analysis of
animal distribution
data
• Amanda Bates
• Min max
average temperature
Tide data
western Vancouver island
0
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8
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8/22/09
12:00 AM
8/22/09
12:00 PM
8/23/09
12:00 AM
8/23/09
12:00 PM
8/24/09
12:00 AM
8/24/09
12:00 PM
tem
p C