Biodiversity and conservation strategythrough trans-border world heritage

site in Borneo

Dedy Darnaedi, Y.Purwanto

Research Centre for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,Bogor-Indonesia

First ASIAHORCs Joint Symposium, Nagoya University, Nagoya Japan, 18-20 July, 2009

Map of Indonesia

Destruction of Natural Resources byHuman Activities and by Natural Phenomena

Megadiversity

Hotspots Country

V.S.

Forest loss in Indonesia today

Rates:− Annual loss 2.8 M ha− Daily loss as big as football fields − 20.1 M ha are seriously damage (Forestry Dept, 2009)

Most/much due to illegal activities

Contrary to government policies promoting integrated ecosystem management- Conservation Strategy

Forest Area, Natural Sanctuary & Reserve Forest(Forestry Department, 2005)

Province Forest area Nat.Sanctuary & Reserve Forest %

West Kalimantan 8.990.895 1.457.695 12.5South Kalimantan 1.839.475 175.546 9.5East Kalimantan 14.651.053 2.165.198 14.0Central Kalimantan 15.000.000 719.419 4.0

Catastrophic fires during El Niño years have also devastated large areas of production and protected forest.

(July 1997-May 1998,6.5 M ha land were affected)

Other drivers of forest loss

transmigration projects, such as the infamous ‘million-hectare-rice’ project, relocating people to highly infertile sites

Now, mining increasing greatly Agriculture and plantation

Forest in protected areas

• Good record of gazetting areas

• There are currently 7 National Parks in Kalimantan

• ca. 7% of the land is officially protected from logging or conversion

Forestry Department & JICA, 2003

Kutai N.P.

Illegal activity in Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan, 2006

Local Govern, LIPI & UNESCO :2003 – 2005Propose Muller World Heritage

Muller I ExpeditionBukit Batikap → 2003 Muller II Expedition

Gunung Lumut → 2003Muller III ExpeditionSapathawung → 2003

Muller IV ExpeditionBusang → 2004

Geological formation

Kerangas/Heat forest

Lowland Dipterocarp forest

Alluvial forest

Kars ecosystem

Arundina graminifolia

Nepenthes

Drocera

Baccaurea R. zoelleri Hoya coriacea

Rhododendron sp.

Bulbophyllum lobbii

Aeschynanthus sp. Dipterocarpus oblongifolius

Myrmeconauclea sp.

Rhaphidophora korthalsii

Local Species diversity

1. LIPI : 2003 – 2005Propose Muller World HeritagePeg. Muller, 2005. 138 pp

2. WWF, 2005, Heart of Borneo (HOB)3. UNESCO-Indonesia (2008)

Country Programming Document (2008-2011)Trans-boundary World Heritage, p.24)

National Park &Protected Area

Forest management policy

...over the past three decades has promoted selective logging rather than clear-cutting

The cause of over-exploitation has tended to be the failure of enforcement of forestry and protected area laws

Over-exploitation in production forest has frequently led to pressure on the government to reclassify degraded production forest areas as conversion forest and plantation area− especially since decentralization in 2000

Some of International biological research in Kalimanatan

Gunung Palung National Park (LIPI and UnTan) Tanjung Puting National Park Sungai Wain Protected Forest (Tropenbos and

UnMul; FFPRI Tsukuba; Kagoshima Univ.and LIPI)

Kayan Mentarang National Park (WWF-LIPI) Malinau forest (CIFOR) Ulu Barito (Oxford Univ.)

State of Kalimantan ecosystems today Degraded grass- and shrub-lands of W and C Kalimantan Agricultural and orchard areas scattered through, in

relation to population density Lakes of W and E Kalimantan Remaining peat swamp forest, W and especially C

Kalimantan Extensive lowland production forest areas of E

Kalimantan Extensive oil palm plantations of W and C Kalimantan Forested central mountains

Challenges for the trans-border

Tension between local, central government and border countries (as well countries in the region)

Energy demands and the mining industry: opening up protected areas for resource extraction

Oil palm: funds for local development and a ‘biofuel’ solution to rising petroleum costs

Illegal logging persists in both production forest and protected areas in Borneo Island

Reasons for Hope National forestry policy to promote multiple forest values and

sustainable forest management Shift in the attitude of commercial forestry and oil plantation to

‘best-practices’ and CSR− Forest Stewardship Council Certification− Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil

Role of Bornean forests in climate change, e.g.:- UNFCCC conference in Bali:− forest restoration− Reducing carbon Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD).

− Heart of Borneo Initiative (WWF-MoF)− Trans Boundary World Heritage (UNESCO-LIPI)

Thank you

Terima kasih

Arigatou gozaimasu