decission making -its process
DESCRIPTION
decision making-its definition, nature, types and process( we all need to take decision in our life everyday...)TRANSCRIPT
PREPARED BY HELEN LARINPUII ZOTE
“ Waiting hurts. Forgetting hurts. But, not knowing which decision to take can sometimes
be the most painful……………”
“Whenever you see a successful business, someone once made a
courage decision.”
“ Waiting hurts. Forgetting hurts. But, not knowing which decision to take can sometimes
be the most painful……………”
“Whenever you see a successful business, someone once made a
courage decision.”
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
The word decision is derived from the Latin word
‘deciso’ means cutting away or cutting off or to come to
a conclusion.
A certain point of life, decision making is needed and
done by all individual.
Decision making is not synonymous to choice making
and problem.
DEFINITIONDEFINITION
Decision represent a judgement a final resolution of conflict of needs, means or goal.
Felix. M.Loper Decision making can be defined as the
selection based on some criteria of one behavior alternative from two or more alternatives.
R.S.Davar
NATURE OF DECISION NATURE OF DECISION MAKINGMAKING
Decision making is a goal oriented process. Decision making is characterized by two
activities- search and choice. Decision making is both intuitive and deductive
logic. Decision making is characterized as a process
rather than as one static logic. Decision making is not entirely of management
and are not synonymous.
TYPES OF DECISIONSTYPES OF DECISIONS
1. Routine and strategic decision:
Routine decisions are those which require little
deliberation or those which are made repetitively.
Strategic decision are policy matters and usually
involves investments or expenditure of funds.
2. PROGRAMMED AND NON
PROGRAMMED DECISION:
Programmed Decision deals with routine and or
repetitive types of problems and are caused by
unstructured problems, which has n easy solution.
Non- Programmed Decision deal with sudden
problems with no programmed decision and not
repetitive.
3.POLICY AND OPERATING DECISIONS:
Policy decision deals with decision which related to
various policy of the organization.
Operating decision deals with day to day operation or
functioning of the enterprise.
4. MAJOR AND MINOR DECISIONS:
Major decision implies on making decision for
big/major things.
Minor decision implies on making decision for
small or minor things.
5. ORGANISED AND PERSONAL
DECISIONS:
Organised decision is decision taken by executive in
the official capacity.
Personal decision are related to the executive as an
individual and not as a member of organization.
6.INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP DECISION:
The decision taken by single person are known as
individual decisions.
The decision taken by the committee are called
group decision.
STEPS IN DECISION STEPS IN DECISION MAKINGMAKING
PROBLEMS IDENTIFICATIO
N
PROBLEMS IDENTIFICATIO
N
ANALYSIS OF
PROBLEMS
DEVELOPING THE
ALTERNATIVE
EVALUATION OF
ALTERNATIVE
SELECTION OF BEST
ALTERNATIVE
IMPLEMENTATION OF BEST
ALTERNATIVE
IMPLEMENTATION OF BEST
ALTERNATIVE
FEED BACK AND FOLLOW UP
1. PROBLEMS IDENTIFICATION To become aware of a problems exists . Defining the problems in the right way.
2. ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS:
Assemble facts, data and information.
Principles are:
Futurity of the decision.
Impact of the decision on the areas an function,
Qualitative consideration.
3. DEVELOPING THE ALTERNATIVE
Developing alternative solution available to
solve the problems.
The alternative can be gathered from various
sources- internet, research finding ,etc.
4. EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE Outline the advantages and disadvantage of each
alternative.
5. SELECTION OF BEST ALTERNATIVE After the evaluation of various alternative, the best
alternative out of all the alternatives
6. IMPLEMENTATION OF BEST
ALTERNATIVE
Convert the decision into effective action.
The decision should be acceptable to the
subordinates so as to encourage their involvement.
7. FEED BACK AND FOLLOW UP:
Seek feedback regarding the effectiveness of the
implemented solution.
Monitor the effects of acts to gauge the success.
Follow up is indispensible to modify and improve
decision at earliest opportunity.
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION Humans beings take innumerable decision in
their day to day life. Decision making is a process by which the
decision maker tries to jump over the obstacles placed between his current and desired future position.
Decision making involves two or more alternatives because if there is only one alternative, there is no scope for any decision to be made.