december 2014 - rhd.gov.bdsurvey and the group discussions, personal contact and community based...

GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND BRIDGES

ROADS AND HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT

REVISED RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

Project: The Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti 2nd Bridges Construction

And Existing Bridges Rehabilitation Project (KMG Project)

Consultancy Services for Detailed Survey, Investigation, Design and Construction Supervision under KMG Project

CONTRACT NO. PS-01 (JICA Loan Agreement No. BD-P72)

Joint Venture of: Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd. (OC) Japan Bridge & Structure Institute Inc. (JBSI) Katahira & Engineers International (KEI) Nippon Engineering Consultants Co., Ltd. (NE) Smec International Pty. Ltd. (SMEC) in association with BCL Associates Ltd. DevConsultants Ltd. ACE Consultants Ltd.

December 2014

People's Republic of Bangladesh

Vicinity of Project Bridges

Bangladesh

India

Bay of Bengal

Project site

Dhaka

Bangladesh

India

Myanmar

Bhutan Nepal

Myanmar

Chittagong

India

Detailed Design for Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti 2nd Bridges Construction and Existing Bridges

Rehabilitation

Executive Summary

OC/JBSI/KEI/NE/SMEC JV with BCL/DevCon/ACE Executive Summary

IMPLEMENTATION OF

RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)

UNDER

THE KANCHPUR, MEGHNA AND GUMTI 2ND BRIDGES CONSTRUCTION

AND EXISTING BRIDGES REHABILITATION PROJECT (KMG Project)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has undertaken a Project to construct three bridges on National Highway No. 1 (N1) i.e. ‘The Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti 2nd Bridges Construction and Existing Bridges Rehabilitation Project (KMG Project)’ through the Roads and Highways Department (RHD) under the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges with financial assistance from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The Project involves construction of 2nd bridges parallel and next to the existing bridges with approach roads. The lengths of the 2nd bridges are 397.3 m for 2nd Kanchpur, 930m for 2nd Meghna and 1,410m for 2nd Gumti Bridges. However, the overall objective of the Project is to mitigate the increasing traffic demand of N1, which can be made by;

Component-I: Construction of 2nd Kanchpur Bridge and Rehabilitation of the

existing Kanchpur Bridge across Shitalakhya River with

Approach Roads; and Kanchpur Intersection Improvement

Component-II: Construction of 2nd Meghna Bridge and Rehabilitation of the

existing Meghna Bridge across Meghna River with Approach

Roads

Component-III: Construction of 2nd Gumti Bridge and Rehabilitation of the

existing Gumti Bridge across Gumti River with Approach Roads

Land Acquisition and Displacement

Construction of the 2nd bridges and rehabilitation of the existing bridges will require no land acquisition. This is because all components of the Project will be constructed on the RHD land. But the Project interventions will require 292 numbers of structure loss of which 171 are residential and 121 are commercial (Detail is in Table 3.3.2.1). There will be eventual displacement of 305 Project Entitled Persons. Of them 157 are owners of structures, the rest 148 are residential and business tenants; and wage earners (Detail is in Table 3.2.1). Under the Component-I, the construction of flyover bridge and


Rehabilitation

Executive Summary


intersection improvement are included and accordingly 55 PAH/EPs are identified for displacement. Of them, 32 are structure owners, 23 are business losers, and wage earners. Furthermore, 11 EPs are newly added in Gumti, Dhaka End due to inclusion of missing links under the detailed design.

Significance of Impacts

All physically displaced Project Affected Households (PAHs) will experience significant impacts as a result of displacement. Mitigation of all impacts, including the significant resettlement impacts, will be undertaken through implementation of this revised Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). However, the revised RAP identified and proposed the number of remedial measures for addressing the gaps between national legislation and the requirements of Development Partners (such as JICA) Policy on Involuntary Resettlement.

Indigenous People

There are no indigenous people (tribal or ethnic minority) within the affected population.

Compensation and Entitlements

The Affected Persons (APs) will be compensated for their affected structures, trees, cropping field, ponds, business, both squatters and tenants staying on the Government land. Compensation is to be paid by the RHD through RAP-IA engaged by the Design and Construction Supervision Consultant (DCSC). On DCSC’s behalf, RAP-IA shall assist RHD in RAP implementation process.

Compensation is based on entitlements including: (i) replacement value for structures, tree, etc., and (ii) other resettlement assistance as required such as transfer grants compensation for loss of business/wage/rental income due to dislocation etc. Vulnerable households will be eligible for further cash assistance for self-relocation and resettlement to improve their living condition. The entitlements as per loss category are presented in Table EX-1 below.

Disclosure, Consultation and Participation

The Displaced Persons (DPs) and their community have been consulted for their perception on the compensation payment process, scope and importance of participation in the Project process, relocation requirements, etc. While conducting survey and the group discussions, personal contact and community based stakeholder consultation meetings were held at different stages of the Project formation to seek opinions of the various stakeholders on the Project. Thirty (30) Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were held with different occupational groups in three bridge sites.

For first stage and second stage (consultation and disclosure) meetings, the people were informed through a notice published in the national daily newspapers and verbal notice through community leaders. During the implementation of the revised RAP, more stakeholders’ consultation and focused group meetings will be held to seek cooperation from various stakeholders in the decision-making and implementation of the revised RAP. The revised RAP will be summarized in an information booklet in Bangla (local language) and disclosed to the affected people during implementation

EXECUTIVE%20SUMMARY.docx


Rehabilitation

Executive Summary


period. The APs will participate in the revised RAP implementation process through representation in the Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs).

Eligibility of Cut-off Date

The cut-off date of eligibility refers to the date prior to which the occupation or use of the Project area makes residents/users of the same eligible categorized as PAPs and eligible to the Project entitlements. In the Project, the cut-off date was determined as the date when census survey started on 8th March 2012 in Kanchpur, 15th March, 2012 in Meghna and Gumti Bridge under JICA Feasibility Study (2012). Cut-off date for north side of Chittagong End for Kanchpur Bridge has been set as 20th October 2014 due to inclusion of Kanchpur Intersection Improvement design at later stage. These dates were disclosed to each affected and entitled persons by the relevant local government representatives and the community leaders. The establishment of the cut-off date eligibility is intended to prevent the influx of ineligible non-residents who might take advantage of the Project entitlements.

Detailed Design for Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti 2nd Bridges Construction and Existing Bridges Rehabilitation

Executive Summary


Table-EX-1: Resettlement Entitlement Matrix

Loss Item 1: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL PHYSICAL STRUCTURES (WITHOUT TITLE TO LAND*)

Entitled Persons Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional

Services

1) Socially recognized owners (Squatters) of structures built on the ROW as identified by Census

1) Replacement Value (RV)1 of structure.

2) Transfer Grant @ BDT 7 per sft2 of affected structure.

3) Utility reconnection assistance @ BDT2,000/household.

4) Special Assistance of a one-time payment as recommended by PAVC for each vulnerable households (VHH) i.e. female-headed, disabled-headed, elderly-headed and hardcore poor household with an amount of BDT 10,000/VHH.

5) BDT 12,000/- as one time grant in addition to other compensation for female headed including disabled/handicapped/widow member family.

6) Skill Training for vulnerable households is provided by RAP-IA

7) Owner will be allowed to take all salvageable materials free of cost without delaying the Project activities.

1) Applicable to all immovable structures located on ROW at cut-off dates.

2) PAVC will record required information of the structures and recommend the RV of structures.

3) RHD will make necessary arrangement of reconstructing affected structures built by RHD on their own land.

4) Transfer grant would be paid for only primary structure such as residential house (measured in sft).

5) Hardcore poor is defined as the households which income level is lower than BDT 60,000/year3.

NIL

Implementation Issues:

1) Entitled person identified through the census survey by the RAP-IA to be finally determined through joint verification by the PAVC at the implementation stage.

2) RV of structure will be determined by PAVC 3) Compensation must be paid by RHD through RAP-IA as per civil works requirement before EP are displaced and remove the structures. 4) Cut-off date was determined as the date when census survey started on 8th March 2012 in Kanchpur, 15th March 2012 in Meghna and Gumti Bridge

under JICA Feasibility Study (2012). Cut-off date for north side of Chittagong End for Kanchpur Bridge has been set as 20th October 2014 due to inclusion of Kanchpur Intersection Improvement design at later stage.

*This is applicable for squatters on the RHD land. However, RHD is the owner of the land and possess title to land.

1 As determined based on the result of replacement cost survey conducted and to be recommended by PAVC 2 Based on Padma Bridge Project (2010) financed by WB, ADB, JICA, and IDB because of the proximately of the area and year the survey conducted, the value used for this project is considered to be applicable in due consideration of recent level. 3 Based on Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning Management Project (2011) financed by ADB


Executive Summary


Loss Item 2: LOSS OF STANDING CROPS/FISH STOCK/ TREE WHO HAVE CONTRACT WITH LAND OWNER

Entitled

Persons

Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional

Services

1) Socially recognized owners, as have contract documents with land owner, of trees and crops grown on public or other land, as identified by RAP-IA and verified by PAVC.

1) The crop owners will be issued 60 days prior notice by the RHD to harvest the crops. If it is not near harvesting period, the expected yield will be compensated at RV.

2) In addition, grants for loss of access (right of cultivating) to cultivable land equivalent to the crop harvested in one harvesting season, to be verified by PAVC, RV of fish stock and trees as determined by PAVC.

3) Owners will be allowed to harvest crops and fish stock and fell the trees.

4) Provisions of lease agreement will supersede above entitlements unless otherwise no conflicts with guidelines stated in this matrix.

1) Applicable for all crops/fish stock/trees standing on land within ROW at the time of dispossession.

2) If the tree is planted on the RHD land by taking lease, compensation for trees will be paid following the clause of the lease agreement signed between the parties.

3) RV of trees/crops/fish stock will be recommended by PAVC based on data obtained from forest department/district agriculture extension office/ district marketing office/ fishery department respectively/market survey, etc. for those identified through joint on-site verification by PAVC.

Nil


1. Loss of agricultural products (standing crops)/ fish stock/trees will be assessed by PAVC and compensation will be paid by RHD through RAP-IA


Executive Summary


Loss Item 3: LOSS OF STANDING CROPS/FISH STOCK/ TREE WITHOUT TITLE TO LAND OR CONTRACT WITH LAND OWNER

Entitled

Persons

Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional

Services

1) Actual cultivators, without consent to land owner, as identified in census by RAP-IA and verified by PAVC during implementation of RAP.


2) In addition, grants for loss of access (right of cultivating) to cultivable land equivalent to the crop harvested in one harvesting season, to be verified by PAVC; RV of fish stock and trees as determined by PAVC.


4) EPs will be allowed to take away the salvageable materials without delaying the Project.

1) Applicable for all crops/fish stock/trees standing on land/pond within ROW at the time of dispossession.


Nil




Executive Summary


Loss Item 4: LOSS OF INCOME (BUSINESS OWNER, WAGE EARNERS)

Entitled Persons Entitlements Application

Guidelines

Additional Services

1) Small shop owner affected by displacement.

2) Wage earners affected at business enterprises.

1) Grants for business loss with immovable structures with an amount equivalent to three months net income from the

business not exceeding BDT 24, 0005.

2) Grant for moveable business loss (Who have moveable structures with hard top) with an amount equivalent to one month net income not exceeding BDT 8,000.

3) Grant to cover temporary loss of regular wage income @BDT 2506 per day for 90 days for wage earners.

4) Grant to cover temporary loss of wage income from the moveable business @BDT 2507 per day for 30 days for wage earners.

5) Special Assistance of a one-time payment as recommended by PAVC for each vulnerable households (VHH) i.e. female-headed, disabled-headed, elderly-headed and hardcore poor (Annual income BDT 60,000 and below) household with an amount of BDT 10,000/VHH.


7) Skill training for vulnerable households is provided by trainer NGO.

1) Vulnerable households who are female-headed, disabled-headed, elderly-headed and hardcore poor will be entitled to receive special allowance for one time only.

1) EPs will be preferentially

employed in civil

construction work.

2) EPs that lose structure

will also be entitled for

loss Item 1.

3) Affected eligible person

to receive the training by

him/her or by young

member of the family


1. RAP-IA identifies EPs during census, PAVC verifies the compensation amount, and RHD, through RAP-IA, pays the compensation.

2. Business losses have been assessed during inventory of losses.

5 As were estimated based on the maximum average daily income of BDT 250/day x 3 months and is a little less than BDT 24,000 as is a threshold value between poor and non-poor. 6 BDT 250 is likely the average of payment per day according to the socio-economic survey implemented. 7 Same as above.


Executive Summary


Loss Item 5: LOSS OF RENTAL INCOME FROM RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL HOUSE/ROOM

Entitled Persons Entitlements Application Guidelines

Additional Services

1) Structure owners (who rented out residential & commercial structures) as identified by census and verified by PAVC

2) Renter (who borrows residential structures) as identified by Census and verified by PAVC

1) Rental assistance for both residential & commercial who rented out structure as per the prevalent rate in the form of grant to cover maximum of 3 months’ rent but not exceeding BDT 75008.

2) Shifting assistance @ BDT 500 per member up to BDT 5,000 per tenant residential household. Shifting assistance for commercial tenants is already covered by the Loss item 4 Entitlement-1/2.

3) If advance rental payment was already made by renter to house/shop owner, and would not reimburse the advanced payment to renter, then payment of allowance to owners will be deducted from his/her resettlement assistance package and paid back to the renter up to the ceiling (3 months’ allowance) of owners entitlements. The renter will be paid first before the owners’ payment is finalized.

4) Right to salvage materials from demolished structure erected by tenant.


6) BDT 12,000.00 as one time grant in addition to other compensation for female headed including disabled/handicapped/widow member family.

7) Skill Training for vulnerable households is provided by trainer NGO.

1) Each renter of affected premises will be entitled for shifting assistance.

NIL


1. RAP-IA identifies EPs at census, PAVC verifies the compensation amount, and RHD, through RAP-IA, pays the compensation

2. Payment shall be done before physical relocation of EPs.

8 Average rental fee per month is less than BDT 2,500 per month according to socio-economic survey.


Executive Summary


Loss Item 6: UNFORESEEN ADVERSE IMPACTS (IF APPLICABLE)

Entitled Persons Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services

Households or persons

affected by any unforeseen

impact identified during

implementation of the revised

RAP.

Entitlements will be recommended as

necessary by Project Implementation Unit

(PIU).

The unforeseen impacts will be identified

through special survey by the PAVC as

per request from impacted population.

The entitlements will be approved by the

Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges.

As appropriate


The unforeseen impacts and affected persons will be identified with due care as per policy of revised RAP and proposed to the Ministry of Road

Transport and Bridges for approval including quantity of losses, their owners and the entitlements.


Rehabilitation

Executive Summary


Grievance Redress Mechanism

Through public consultations and distribution of the public information booklet, APs will be informed that they have a right to resolve any grievance/ complaints they may have regarding resettlement issues. Grievances will be settled with full representation in GRCs constituted by the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges with representatives from the Executing Agency (EA)-here RHD, RAP IA to assist RHD, Local Government Institutions (LGI) representatives, APs representatives and Resettlement Specialist/Expert form Design and Construction Supervision Consultant. The APs will call upon the support of the IA to assist them in presenting their grievances to the GRCs. The GRCs will review grievances involving all resettlement benefits, relocation and other assistance. Grievances will be redressed within one (1) month from the date of lodging the complaints.

Income Restoration Strategy

Vulnerable Project Affected Households (PAHs) (including hard core poor and female headed, elderly headed, etc.) will be given additional support for livelihood and income restoration.

Institutional Arrangements

A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) has already been established by RHD headed by the Project Director at the rank of Additional Chief Engineer. Superintending Engineer and Executive Engineers will be also in place to handle the Project activities. The PIU will be responsible for coordinating and overall execution of the Project including payment of compensation/resettlement benefits to the entitled persons (EPs) before relocation. RAP-IA appointed is responsible to implement the revised RAP for proper resettlement and rehabilitation of the Project affected people before and after relocation.

Cost Estimate and Budget

The total indicative cost estimate for implementation of the revised RAP is BDT 58,089,519 equivalent to USD 744,737 (1 USD=78 BDT as of December 2014). It includes payment of compensation for structure & resettlement benefits with other allowances and training on income generating activities. Furthermore, RHD will make necessary arrangement of reconstructing affected structures built by RHD on their own land. The total estimated budget is shown in the Table EX 2 below.


Rehabilitation

Executive Summary


Table EX 2: Summary of Indicative Resettlement Budget for KMG Bridges

(as of Dec. 2014)

*This is an indicative revised Resettlement Budget based on current market price survey. However, the

Budget will be finalized by PAVC after Property Valuation Survey.

Implementation and Monitoring

Internal monitoring of revised RAP implementation will be the overall responsibility of the PIU and the DCSC/RAP-IA. The EA along with Resettlement Specialist of the DCSC will independently be monitoring implementation of revised RAP as per the guidelines. An External Monitoring Agency (EMA) (Annex-1) engaged already by RHD will play a vital role to verify the RAP implementation activities.

Category of Items Kanchpur (BDT) Meghna (BDT) Gumti (BDT) Total Budget

A 1 Compensation for Squatter

Structure 12,608,459 713,515 1,107,720 14,429,694

A 2 Compensation for RHD

Structure 32,370,623 0 0 32,370,623

B Compensation for Trees 170,554 799,000 2,038,735 3,008,289

C Other Resettlement Benefits 3,959,966 307,529 530,338 4,797,832

D Training on IGA for eligible members of affected households and wage laborers

490,000 30,000 130,000 650,000

E Honorarium / Allowance for PAVC and GRC members and other related cost during the functioning of the committees

265,000 115,000 115,000 495,000

F Contingency @ 10% of the Total A-E

1,749,398 196,504 392,179 2,338,081

Total in BDT* 51,613,999 2,161,548 4,313,972 58,089,519

Total in USD (1USD= BDT 78 as of Dec., 2014)

661,718 27,712 55,307 744,737


Rehabilitation

Executive Summary


Glossary of Terms

Affected Person (AP)

Includes any person, affected households (AHs), firms or private institutions who, on account of changes that result from the Project will have their (i) standard of living adversely affected; (ii) right, title, or interest in any house, land (including residential, commercial, agricultural, forest, and/or grazing land), water resources, or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired, possessed, restricted, or otherwise adversely affected, in full or in part, permanently or temporarily; and/or (iii) business, occupation, place of work or residence, or habitat adversely affected, with or without displacement.

Assistance

Means support, rehabilitation and restoration measures extended in cash and/or kind over and above the compensation for lost assets. Compensation

Means payment in cash or kind for an asset to be acquired or affected by a Project at replacement cost at current market value. Cut-off Date

Means the date after which eligibility for compensation or resettlement assistance will not be considered is the cut-off date. The starting date of carrying out the census/inventory of losses or any designated date declared by RHD will be considered as the cut-off date for eligibility of resettlement benefit for the properties standing on the RHD land. In this Project the dates of commencement of census i.e. 8th March 2012 in Kanchpur, 15th March 2012 in Meghna and Gumti Bridge were declared as cut-off date. Cut-off date for north side of Chittagong End for Kanchpur Bridge has been set as 20th October 2014 due to inclusion of Kanchpur Intersection Improvement design at later stage. Encroachers

Means those people who move into the Project area after the cut-off date and are therefore not eligible for compensation or other rehabilitation measures provided by the Project. The term also refers to those extending attached private land into public land.

Entitlement

Means the range of measures comprising cash or kind compensation, relocation cost, income restoration assistance, transfer assistance, income substitution, and business restoration which are due to PEPs/PAHs, depending on the type and degree /nature of their losses, to restore their social and economic base.

Eminent Domain

Means the regulatory authority of the Government to obtain land for public purpose/interest or


Rehabilitation

Executive Summary


use as described in the 1982 Ordinance and Land Acquisition Law.

Household

A household includes all persons living and eating together (sharing the same kitchen and cooking food together as a single-family unit).

Inventory of losses

Means the pre-appraisal inventory of assets as a preliminary record of affected or lost assets.

Non-titled

Means those who have no recognizable rights or claims to the land that they are occupying and includes people using private or public land without permission, permit or grant i.e. those people without legal title to land and/or structures occupied or used by them. WB’s policy explicitly states that such people cannot be denied resettlement assistance.

Project

Means “The Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti 2nd Bridges Construction and Existing Bridges Rehabilitation Project” Project Affected Household

Combines residential households (HHs), Commercial and Business Enterprises (CBEs), Common Property Resources (CPRs) and other affected entities as a whole.

Relocation

Means displacement or physical moving of the APs from the affected area to a new area/site and rebuilding homes, infrastructure, provision of assets, including productive land/employment and re-establishing income, livelihoods, living and social systems.

Replacement value

Means the value of assets to replace the loss at current market price, or its nearest equivalent, and is the amount of cash or kind needed to replace an asset in its existing condition, without deduction of transaction costs or for any material salvaged.

Resettlement

Means mitigation of all the impacts associated with land acquisition including restriction of access to, or use of land, acquisition of assets, or impacts on income generation as a result of displacement due to the Project.

Significant impact

Means when 200 or more APs suffer a loss of 10% or more of productive assets (income generating) or physical displacement.


Rehabilitation

Executive Summary


Squatter

Means the same as non-titled and includes households, business and common establishments on land owned by the State. Under the Project this includes RHD land, slope of the existing road and right of way of the proposed bridge alignments.

Structures

Mean all buildings including primary and secondary structures of houses and ancillary buildings, commercial enterprises, living quarters, community facilities and infrastructures, shops, businesses, fences, and walls.

Vulnerable Households

Means households that are (i) headed by single woman or woman with dependents and low incomes; (ii) headed by elderly/ disabled people without means of support; (iii) households that have annual income BDT 60,000 and below.

- - i

IMPLEMENTATION OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN UNDER

THE KANCHPUR, MEGHNA AND GUMTI 2ND BRIDGES CONSTRUCTION AND

EXISTING BRIDGES REHABILITATION PROJECT (KMG Project)

REVISED RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

-TABLE OF CONTENTS-

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Project Description ...................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Objective of Revised Resettlement Action Plan .......................................................... 1-1

CHAPTER 2. POTENTIAL IMPACTS ....................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Project Outline ............................................................................................................ 2-1

2.2 Alternative Routes and Minimizing Resettlement ........................................................ 2-4

2.3 Nature of impacts and Needs for Resettlement Action Plan ........................................ 2-5

CHAPTER 3. CENSUS AND SOCIO ECONOMIC STUDIES .................................................... 3-1

3.1 Methodology for Census ............................................................................................. 3-1

3.2 Results of the Census Survey ..................................................................................... 3-2

3.3 Inventory of Assets ..................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.1 Lands ........................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.2 Affected Structures ....................................................................................... 3-6

3.3.3 Trees ............................................................................................................ 3-8

Pages

- - ii

5-14

3.4 Results of Socio Economic Survey ........................................................................... 3-10

3.4.1 Distribution of Population by Sex ................................................................ 3-10

3.4.2 Duration of Living in the Project Areas ........................................................ 3-11

3.4.3 Religion of Affected Households and Population ........................................ 3-11

3.4.4 Age, Education and Occupation ................................................................. 3-12

3.4.5 Marital Status ............................................................................................. 3-19

3.4.6 Income and Poverty Dimensions ................................................................ 3-20

3.4.7 Yearly Household Expenditure ................................................................... 3-21

3.4.8 Access to Electricity .................................................................................... 3-21

3.4.9 Utilization of Electricity ................................................................................ 3-21

3.4.10 Water and Sanitation .................................................................................. 3-22

3.4.11 Institutional Loan ........................................................................................ 3-23

3.4.12 Housing Pattern .......................................................................................... 3-24

3.4.13 Household Assets ....................................................................................... 3-24

3.4.14 Health Care facility ..................................................................................... 3-25

3.4.15 Educational Institutions ............................................................................... 3-26

3.4.16 Gender: Socio-Economic Profile of Female PAHs ...................................... 3-27

CHAPTER 4. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Law and Policy on Land Acquisition in Bangladesh .................................................... 4-1

4.2 National policy on Involuntary Resettlement ............................................................... 4-2

4.3 JICA’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement .................................................................. 4-3

4.4 Gap Analysis between JICA Guideline and Bangladesh Policy ................................... 4-4

CHAPTER 5. ELIGIBILITY ........................................................................................................ 5-1

5.1 Project Resettlement Principle & Policies.................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Cut-off Date of Eligibility .............................................................................................. 5-2

5.3 Principles of Replacement Cost .................................................................................. 5-3

5.4 Entitlement Matrix ....................................................................................................... 5-6

5.5 Livelihood Restoration ………………………………………………….…………….……

CHAPTER 6. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION .......................................................................... 6-1

6.1 Project Stakeholders ................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2 Stakeholder Consultations .......................................................................................... 6-2

6.3 Focus Group Discussion ............................................................................................. 6-2

6.4 Disclosure and Consultation Issues ............................................................................ 6-2

6.5 Responses from Consultation ..................................................................................... 6-3

6.6 Issues for Social Development and Resettlement ....................................................... 6-4

- - iii

CHAPTER 7. GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE ................................................................................ 7-1

7.1 Objectives of Grievance Redress Committee .............................................................. 7-1

7.2 Composition of the GRCs ........................................................................................... 7-1

7.3 Appeal Procedure and Conflict Resolution .................................................................. 7-1

7.4 ToR for GRC ............................................................................................................... 7-5

CHAPTER 8. ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES ....................................................... 8-1

8.1 Institutional Arrangement for RAP Implementation ...................................................... 8-1

8.2 Functional Description ................................................................................................ 8-3

8.2.1 Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges ........................................................ 8-3

8.2.2 Additional Project Director (APD) .................................................................. 8-3

8.2.3 Deputy Project Manager (DPM) .................................................................... 8-3

8.2.4 RAP Implementing Agency (RAP-IA) ............................................................ 8-4

8.2.5 Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) .......................................................... 8-4

8.2.6 Property Assessment and Valuation Committee (PAVC) .............................. 8-4

8.2.7 Design and Construction Supervision Consultant ......................................... 8-5

8.2.8 External Monitoring Agency (EMA) ............................................................... 8-5

CHAPTER 9. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ........................................................................ 9-1

9.1 Implementation Schedule ........................................................................................... 9-1

CHAPTER 10. INDICATIVE COST AND BUDGET ................................................................... 10-1

10.1 Resettlement Budget ................................................................................................ 10-1

CHAPTER 11. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ................................................................... 11-1

11.1 Internal Monitoring .................................................................................................... 11-1

11.2 External Monitoring ................................................................................................... 11-2

- - iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1.1 Geographical Area under Project Bridges ........................................................... 2-1

Table 2.1.2 Outline of the 2nd Bridges ................................................................................... 2-3

Table 2.2.1 Establishment of Alternative Routes.................................................................... 2-4

Table 2.2.2 Bridge-wise Number of Affected Households (on RHD Land) ............................. 2-5

Table 2.3.1 Impacts and Risks of Loss Caused by an Infrastructure Development Project .... 2-5

Table 3.1.1 Bridge-wise Number of Affected Structure Owners/Households, Tenants and Wage Earners (Entitled Persons) .......................................................................................... 3-1

Table 3.2.1 Number of Entitled Persons (EPs) and Project Affected People .......................... 3-3

Table 3.2.2 Number of Vulnerable PAPs during 2014 revised RAP and 2012 RAP ............... 3-4

Table 3.3.1 Area of land to be used at three sites: All land are Owned by the RHD ............... 3-6

Table 3.3.2 Area of Affected Structures in sft. as per 2014 (revised RAP) and 2012 (RAP) ... 3-7

Table 3.3.3 Number of Trees to be Affected .......................................................................... 3-9

Table 3.4.1 Bridge Area Wise Distribution of Households and Population by Sex ................ 3-10

Table 3.4.2 Duration of Households living in the Project Area ............................................. 3-11

Table 3.4.3 Surveyed Population by Religion ...................................................................... 3-11

Table 3.4.4 Distribution of Surveyed Population by Age and Sex under Project Area .......... 3-12

Table 3.4.5 Distribution of Population by Education Level under Project Area ..................... 3-12

Table 3.4.6 Distribution of Population by Education Level in Kanchpur Bridge .................... 3-13

Table 3.4.7 Distribution of Population by Education Level in Meghna Bridge ....................... 3-14

Table 3.4.8 Distribution of Population by Education in Gumti Bridge.................................... 3-14

Table 3.4.9 Population Distribution by Occupations under the Entire Project Area .............. 3-15

Table 3.4.10 Population Distribution by Occupations in Kanchpur Bridge Area ................... 3-16

Table 3.4.11 Population Distribution by Occupations in Meghna Bridge Area ...................... 3-16

Table 3.4.12 Population Distribution by Occupations in Gumti Bridge Area ......................... 3-17

Table 3.4.13 Distribution of the Household Heads by Occupation ....................................... 3-18

Table 3.4.14 Marital Status of Affected Male & Female under Project Area ........................ 3-20

Table 3.4.15 Household Distribution by Annual Income in the three Bridge Areas ............... 3-20

Table 3.4.16 Household Distribution by Yearly Expenditure in Three Bridge Areas ............. 3-21

Table 3.4.17 Distribution of Households by Access to Electricity by Type ............................ 3-21

Table 3.4.18 Use of Electricity for Various Purposes ........................................................... 3-21

Table 3.4.19 Distribution of Households by Source of Drinking Water ................................. 3-22

Table 3.4.20 Household Distribution by Water Sources for Other Utilization of Water ......... 3-22

Table 3.4.21 Distribution of Households by Sanitation Facilities .......................................... 3-23

Table 3.4.22 Status of Taking Loan ..................................................................................... 3-23

Table 3.4.23 Microcredit Support Taken by the Surveyed Households ................................ 3-23

Table 3.4.24 Housing Pattern in the Project in Terms of Housing Material........................... 3-24

- - v

5-14 5-15

Table 3.4.25 Household Assets .......................................................................................... 3-24

Table 3.4.26 Households Response on Distance of Healthcare Center ............................... 3-25

Table 3.4.27 Households Response on Distances of Educational Institutions ..................... 3-26

Table 3.4.28 Socio-Economic characteristics of the female PAHs ....................................... 3-27

Table 4.4.1 How to fill up the Gaps between JICA Environmental and Social Consideration Guidelines and Laws of Bangladesh ...................................................................................... 4-5

Table 5.3.1 Results of Unit Cost Survey of structure in BDT/sft ............................................. 5-3

Table 5.3.2 Results of Unit Cost Survey of Tree in BDT/Number ........................................... 5-4

Table 5.4.1 Resettlement Entitlement Matrix ......................................................................... 5-7

Table 5.5.1 Mitigation Measures for Vulnerable Households …………………………………. Table 5.5.2 Desired Training Name for affected Vulnerable Household Members………….

Table 6.1.1 Identified Project Stakeholders ............................................................................ 6-1

Table 6.5.1 Summary of Disclosure and Consultation ........................................................... 6-3

Table 6.6.1 EP Perception on Resettlement Issues ............................................................... 6-4

Table 7.3.1 Steps for Redressing Grievances ........................................................................ 7-3

Table 8.2.1 Institutional Responsibilities in Resettlement Process ......................................... 8-5

Table 9.1.1 Resettlement Implementation Matrix ................................................................... 9-2

Table 10.1.1 Summary of Indicative Resettlement Budget for KMG Bridges

(as of 2014) ......................................................................................................................... 10-1

Table 11.2.1 External Monitoring Proposed ......................................................................... 11-3

- - vi

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1.1 Project Location Map ......................................................................................... 2-2

Figure 3.3.1 Location of Shallow Water body Affected at Kanchpur Bridge Site in RHD Land 3-5

Figure 3.3.2 Location of Plantation Area Affected at Meghna Bridge Site in RHD Land ......... 3-5

Figure 7.3.1 Steps for Redressing Grievances ...................................................................... 7-4

Figure 8.1.1 RAP Implementation Organogram ..................................................................... 8-2

- - vii

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AB Acquiring Body

ACE Additional Chief Engineer

AE Assistant Engineer

AH Affected Household

AP Affected Person, Aggrieved Persons

ASA Association for Social Advancement

APD Additional Project Director

BA Bachelor of Arts

BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics

BDT Bangladesh Taka

BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee

CBE Commercial and Business Enterprise

CCL Cash Compensation under Law

CI Corrugated Iron

CPR Common Property Resources

CRO Chief Resettlement Officer

DC Deputy Commissioner

DCI Direct Calorie Intake

DOE Department of Environment

DOFi Department of Fisheries

DOF Department of Forest

DCSC Design and Construction Supervision Consultant

DP Displaced Person

DTL Deputy Team Leader

DPM Deputy Project Manager

EA Executing Agency

EC Entitlement Card

EE Executive Engineer

EMA External Monitoring Agency

EMU Environment Management Unit

EP Entitled Person

ESU Engineering Service Unit

FGD Focus Group Discussion

ft foot/feet (1m=3.28 ft)

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GoB Government of Bangladesh

GRC Grievance Redress Committee

HIES Household Income and Expenditure Survey

- - viii

HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

HH Household

HSC Higher Secondary Certificate

RAP-IA RAP Implementing Agency

ID card Identify Card

IGA Income Generating Activities

IOL Inventory of Losses

IR Involuntary Resettlement

IWTA Inland Water Transport Authority

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

JVS Joint Verification Survey

LGI Local Government Institution

LGED Local Government Engineering Department

LMS Land Market Survey

LIRP Livelihood and Income Restoration Program

MA Master Course

M&E Monitoring & Evaluation

MIS Management Information System

MOL Ministry of Land

MOC Ministry of Communications

NGO Non-government Organization

N1 National Highway No. 1

NRS National Resettlement Specialist

PAH Project Affected Household

PAP Project Affected Person

PAPo Project Affected Population

PAU Project Affected Unit

PAVC Property Assessment and Valuation Committee

pcu Passenger Car Unit

PDU Project Displaced Person

PIU Project Implementation Unit

PD Project Director

PDB Power Development Board

PIB Public Information Brochure

PMO Project Management Office

PPR Project Progress Report

PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance

PRA Participatory Rapid Appraisal

PWD Public Works Department

R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation

RAC Resettlement Advisory Committee

- - ix

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RB Requiring Body

RS Resettlement Specialist

RHD Roads and Highways Department

RO Resettlement Officer

ROR Record of Right

ROW Right of Way

RV Replacement Value

SAE Sub Assistant Engineer

SDE Sub Divisional Engineer

SE Superintending Engineer

SES Socio Economic Survey

SSC Secondary School Certificate

TA Technical Assistance

UP Union Parishad

TOR Terms of Reference

VHH Vulnerable Household

WB World Bank

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION


Chapter 1 Introduction

OC/JBSI/KEI/NE/SMEC JV with BCL/DevCon/ACE Page 1-1

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Description

The Dhaka–Chittagong National Highway No. 1 (N1) is the lifeline for economy of Bangladesh with a capacity of 25,000 Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) on 2-lane section. The N1 will be an integral part of the Asian Highway that connects with neighboring countries. On this highway, existing Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti Bridge are major structures, which are the only way to cross Sitalakhya, Meghna and Gumti Rivers. But these bridges, constructed in the year of 1977, 1991 and 1995, respectively, are being deteriorated gradually since several years. Consequently, they need urgent rehabilitations. In addition, the existing bridges were designed and constructed according to the outdated design standard. Therefore; these existing bridges might necessitate seismic retrofitting to withstand earthquake excitations in accordance with current seismic codes.

According to the traffic survey conducted during the Feasibility Study Stage from February to March, 2012, the N1 exceeded its traffic volume capacity to 78,000 pcu/day counted on Kanchpur Bridge and 73,300 pcu/day on Meghna and Gumti Bridges. However, the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) are currently implementing the widening of N1 into 4-lanes from the existing 2-lane in order to accommodate the excess traffic volume and remove traffic congestion. But, these existing 2-lane bridges are becoming bottleneck for smooth traffic movement through N1. It is obvious that the existing 2-lane bridges will be inadequate to cope with increased traffic volume of the N1 and cause serious traffic congestion. Therefore, the construction of 2nd Kanchpur, 2nd Meghna and 2nd Gumti Bridges are becoming an essential and pressing issue.

At first, the RAP was prepared in October 2012 during the Feasibility Study stage under ‘Dhaka-Chittagong National Highway No.1–Bridges Construction and Rehabilitation Project’ to address the social impact caused by the Project proposing mitigation measures as per the requirement of JICA guidelines.

The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is required to revise and finalize in Detailed Design stage as revised Resettlement Action Plan based on 100% baseline/census survey as well as Inventory of Losses (IOL) carried out to integrate the existing situations at each of the Project bridge sites during April-October in 2014 covering all the Project Displaced/Affected Persons (PDPs/PAPs) and their lost properties.

Furthermore, the flyover at Kanchpur intersection and U-loop under the bridge makes some changes in the alignment and accordingly few commercial and residential structures will be affected due to Project new boundary. Eventually some households will be displaced due to the U-loop construction; particularly structures standing up to the river bank. In other words, the revised RAP is the updated version of RAP prepared during the FS stage, and subsequently the issues and items those were not covered in the RAP during Feasibility Study stage have been incorporated in this revised RAP.

1.2 Objective of Revised Resettlement Action Plan

The overall objectives for the preparation of revised Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) are outlined as below;

(1) Assess the nature and magnitude of the displacement;


Chapter 1 Introduction


(2) Explore all viable options to avoid, where feasible, or minimize displacement/relocation;

(3) Assess land acquisition fully, if any;

(4) Assess the legal framework of Bangladesh covering resettlement and policies of the Government amended up to 2011;

(5) Identify any inconsistencies between GOB policies and JICA guidelines;

(6) Review past borrower and likely implementing agencies’ experience with similar operation;

(7) Discuss with the agencies responsible for resettlement the policies and institutional, legal and consultative arrangements for resettlement, including measures to address any inconsistencies between Government and JICA policy and;

(8) Discuss any technical assistance to be provided to the recipient Government;

(9) Explore appropriate income restoration measures suitable for Executing Agency (RHD);

Due to the existing urgency to keep smooth road communication with eastern zone of Bangladesh especially covering port city Chittagong, the Roads and Highways Department (RHD) has planned to construct three 2nd bridges next and parallel to the existing Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti Bridges. The revised RAP is necessarily to be prepared so that it can fully satisfy the requirements of the JICA environmental and social safeguard policies.

This revised RAP is prepared for “The Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti 2nd Bridges Construction and Existing Bridges Rehabilitation Project (KMG Project)”. The purpose of this revised RAP is to address the social impact caused by the Project, proposing mitigation measures such as compensation payment, income restoration assistance etc. to the Project affected people, content of which RAP was secured by RHD as per the requirement of JICA guideline. This revised RAP is based on 100% census survey carried out by RAP-IA to integrate the existing situations at each of the three (3) Project sites during April-October in 2014 covering all the Project Displaced Persons/Entitled Persons (PDPs/EPs). In other words, the revised RAP is the updated version of RAP prepared in October, 2012.

CHAPTER 2

POTENTIAL IMPACTS


Chapter 2 Potential Impacts


CHAPTER 2. POTENTIAL IMPACTS

2.1 Project Outline

The scope of works under KMG Project is briefly outlined as below:

Construction of 2nd Kanchpur Bridge, 2nd Meghna Bridge and 2nd Gumti Bridge together with their approach roads.

Rehabilitation of existing Kanchpur, existing Meghna and existing Gumti Bridges according to updated seismic design standard

Construction of Flyover Bridge in order to mitigate heavily traffic congestion at Kanchpur Intersection along with new U-loop for traffic diversion from Chittagong to Sylhet.

The Project bridges under geographical area and its vicinity are shown in Table 2.1.1 & Figure 2.1.1 respectively.

Table 2.1.1 Project Bridges under Geographical Area

Name of the Bridge Site Location District Upazila Union/Village

Kanchpur Dhaka end

Narayanganj Siddirganj Shimrail

Chittagong end Sonargaon Kanchpur

Meghna Dhaka end Narayanganj Sonargaon Pirojpur

Chittagong end Munshiganj Gajaria Baliakandi

Gumti

Dhaka end Munshiganj Gajaria Baushia

Chittagong end Comilla Daudkandi Daudkandi

Municipality




Figure-Ⅰ　Project Location

Project Location Map

Detour line of N1

N2

[Google map]

Dhaka side

Chittagongside

Chittagongside

2nd bridge location at d/s of existing bridge

2nd bridge location at u/s of existing bridge

Bridges crossing over Meghna River

2nd bridge location at d/s of existing bridge

Bridges crossing over Sitalakhya River

Gumti Bridge

Kanchpur BridgeN2

Existing bridge

2nd bridge

2nd bridge

Dhaka-Chittagong

Highway N1

[Google map]

Bridges crossing over Gumti River

Dhaka side

Chittagong side

N1

Gumti Bridge

Meghna Bridge

Dhaka

side

2nd bridge

Meghna Bridge

Index Map

Gumti Bridge

km

40200

Dhaka-Chittagong

Highway N1

Kanchpur Bridge

Project Location

Chittagong

Co

x's

To Chittagong

Feni

Comilla

Munshiganj

Meghna Bridge

N2

km 41.07

km 27.46

km 12.43

Kanchpur Bridge

Narayanganj

Munshiganj

Comilla

Dhaka

Narayanganj

Figure 2.1.1 Project Location and Its Vicinity




The three bridges located in three (3) different districts on N1 and their approach roads can be constructed within RHDs land previously acquired. Additional land acquisition will not be at all required for the Project components. However, some squatter’s, tenants, residential households, temporary leased and commercial enterprises will be fully or partially affected due to the Project.

Affected areas include locations of construction of new bridges, embankments for approach road, temporary road for construction and construction yards. Among the above, the important component is the construction of embankment for approach road (permanent impact) and secondly, the installation of construction yard might create adverse impact on the south side of the Kanchpur Bridge at Chittagong end because this space is being used by sand traders and good number of residents for daily movement to main road. The access to the road will be restricted due to construction boundary/fencing extended by the construction company for safety and security of the construction materials. The residents will loss daily mobility and to some extent or uneven circumstances will lose their economic activities. The potential affected person suggested that the embankment over the water bodies may be widen by the Executive Agency of RHD to facilitate the accessibility to the road. This may require partial earth filling and embankment protection works over the existing water bodies.

Table 2.1.2 Outline of the KMG Bridges

Description Kanchpur Meghna Gumti

Project Area (m2) 1,296.5 1,930.0 2410.0

2nd bridges

Length m 397.3 930.0 1410.0

Width m 18.1 17.75 17.75

Navigation clearance m

width: 61m height: 12.2m

width:61m height:18m

width:75m height:7.5m

Pier and foundation of 2nd bridges

Number of pier 5 11 16

Foundation type Steel Pipe Sheet Pile (SPSP) and CIP RC Pile

Steel Pipe Sheet Pile (SPSP) and CIP RC Pile

Steel Pipe Sheet Pile (SPSP) and CIP RC Pile

Foundation size 34.605m x 11.145m 38.571m x16.11m 38.571m x16.11m

Maximum pile length (m)

38.5m 46m 68.5m (SPSP) 75m (CIP RC Pile)

Existing bridges

Length (m) 396.5 930.0 1,410.0

Width (m) 14.64 9.2 9.2

Navigation clearance (m)

width:61m, height:12.2m

width:61 height:18m

width:75m height:7.5m

Bridge Approaches

Length (m) 327m at Dhaka side and 376.5m at Chittagong side

432m at Dhaka side and 438m at Chittagong side

695m in Dhaka side and 315m in Chittagong side

Maximum height of embankment (m)




Source: Consultant

General view including plan, cross section and elevation of KMG 2nd and existing bridges are included in Annex-1 as a reference for overall information of the Project.




2.2 Alternative Routes and Minimizing Resettlement

There alternative routes, namely Route A, Route B and Route C were proposed for respective three bridge sites to compare their feasibilities in the view of (1) cost, (2) technical issues and (3) environmental and social issues qualitatively. Impacts of alternative routes of each bridge are compared in Table 2.2.1.

Table 2.2.1 Establishment of Alternative Routes

Source: JICA FS report (October 2012)

It was found that ‘Route A’, upstream next and parallel to the existing Meghna bridge, has minimum resettlement issue and less impact on the natural environment. Therefore, ‘Route A’ was considered to be optimum route for 2nd bridge construction, even though this alignment might have some influence to Holcim Cement boundary. However, this issue had already been resolved by the understanding and agreement between RHD and Holcim Cement administration.

On the other hand, by comprehensive evaluation, the optimized route was selected for 2nd Kanchpur and 2nd Gumti Bridge construction. Accordingly, the ‘Route A’ which is downstream next and parallel to the existing bridge is set to as final alignment for 2nd bridges construction.

For preparation of revised RAP, the socio-economic census for assessing the impacts was commissioned only in the selected routes during the months of April-October, 2014. And the tables and data of this revised RAP are generated from the socio-economic census. As of this census, the total numbers of PAPs in the selected routes of three bridges are in Table 2.2.2.

2nd Bridge Route

alternatives

Location to

existing bridge Description of Route

Kanchpur

Route A Downstream Next to existing bridge

Route B Downstream Provides adequate distance from existing bridge

Route C Upstream Next to existing bridge

Meghna

Route A Upstream

Next to existing bridge

Minimizes the influence on Holcim Cement

boundary

Route B Upstream Provides distance of 250m upstream near the old ferry

route

Route C Upstream

Provides distance of 250m upstream of shifted ferry

route

Minimize resettlement issue (Ctg. side) on Route B

Gumti

Route A Downstream Next to existing bridge

Route B Downstream Provides adequate distance from existing bridge

Route C Upstream Next to existing bridge




Table 2.2.2 Bridge-wise Number of Entitled Persons/Households (on RHD Land)

Bridge Name

Number of PAPs

Structure Owners

Tenants & Wage Earners

Temporary and Permanent Business loss

Total

Kanchpur 118 107 24 249

Meghna 12 1 5 18 Gumti 27 10 1 38 Total 157 118 30 305

Note: Total Number of PAPs in 2012 was enumerated at 304

It is to be mentioned that out of 249 EPs in Kanchpur, 55 are included due to construction of Flyover as a part of Intersection Improvement at Kanchpur Chittagong End. Of 55, 32 are structure owners, 23 are business losers, and wage earners. Furthermore, 9 EPs are newly added in Gumti, Dhaka End due to inclusion of missing links under the detailed design.

2.3 Nature of impacts and Needs for Resettlement Action Plan

Land based development projects generally displace people involuntarily from their place of work or place of residence or means of livelihood and thereby create situation leading to severe physical, economic, social and environment problems. The displacement also affects production systems, de-links income sources and productive assets, reduce access to employment opportunities in a new socio-economic environment, etc. Relocation of the families weakens the community structure and social network of kinship, mutual assistance, cultural identity, traditional authority etc. This may cause long-term hardship, improvement and environment damage unless the resettlement and rehabilitation is carefully planned and implemented with appropriate mitigating measures. Table 2.3.1 illustrates the general impacts and risks of loss caused by a project on the Affected Persons / Affected Households. It is to be noted that here in this Project all the affected/displaced persons are on Government land. As such there is no impact due to land based resettlement in this Project.

Table 2.3.1 Impacts and Risks of Loss Caused by an Infrastructure Development Project

Type of Losses Impacts and Risks

Land

Loss of plot or frontage of structures due to acquisition of additional land

Loss of agricultural land/water bodies for natural and cultured fisheries due to additional area for ROW and temporary/permanent working area

Loss of perennial crops, such as fruit trees

Loss of income from agricultural and commercial activities, including fisheries and fruit trees

May cause disruptions on existing landholdings and resource use

May make the farm size uneconomic

The affected person does not get land to purchase

The affected person spends the compensation money for other needs

The homestead size become smaller and sometimes does not meet the requirements

Homestead to the relocated place, takes long time to reach the previous standard/facilities

Structure – Commercial

Loss of permanent/temporary Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) structures due to ROW and work area acquisition

Loss of structure and/or frontage of small industries (e.g., rice mills) due to acquisition of additional land for ROW

Disruption in income loss from business

May cause negative impacts without alternative sources of income

Loss of income from mills/factory

Loss of work/employment by workers

May cause adverse impact without assistance




Type of Losses Impacts and Risks

Structure – Residential

Loss of housing by owners of private

Loss of fish business

Fisherman group

structures due to acquisition of additional land

Lack of housing and living quarters by affected households

Shifting the structure at the appropriate place

Transfer grant for relocation

Shifting of structure to the relocation suffer serious damage in the process

Sometimes the AP feels to restart the business at the relocated place and in the process of shifting and restart, a part of the capital is eaten away

Unemployment of wage employees at a new place leads to serious sufferings of their families

Livelihood

Loss of business by owners due to dislocation

Loss of workdays/income by wage/employees

Reduce income from business

Reduce household income

Lack of income to support family

Serious hardship of the wage earners at the new place

Social Infrastructure/Civic Amenities

Loss of social infrastructure/civic amenities like access roads, religious place, libraries, etc. due to additional area for ROW or eviction from the existing ROW

Impact on the quality of social life

Lack of social benefit from community life

Hardship due to loss of accessibility

Note: To address all the above mentioned problems and dislocations, a revised Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared incorporating some mitigating measures to encounter the negative social and economic impacts so that the affected persons could maintain their economic and social standards during and after the project implementation at least to pre-project level.

CHAPTER 3

CENSUS AND SOCIO ECONOMIC STUDIES


Chapter 3 Census and Socio Economic Studies


CHAPTER 3. CENSUS AND SOCIO ECONOMIC STUDIES

3.1 Methodology for Census

The Census and a Socio Economic Survey (SES) was carried out by RAP-IA within the three proposed bridge areas in April-October, 2014 to provide requisite details of the Project Affected Households (PAHs) to assess the magnitude of likely impacts and to identify the measures for mitigation of adverse impacts. The survey included (i) Census of the affected households, (ii) Socio Economic Survey of the households living in the Project surrounded areas; (iii) Inventory of Losses (IOL); (iv) Replacement cost surveys, (v) Video filming of the affected properties; (vi) Still photographs of the affected structure; and (vii) Focused Group Discussion with the affected population etc. The survey identified the households, commercial and business enterprises, tenants (both residential and commercial) community properties within the Project Right of Way (ROW). The Socio Economic Survey collected a wide range of data, for example, demography, age/sex distribution, education, occupation, income/poverty data, types of business, types and ownership status of affected structures and other assets.

A total of 157 households were found as the owners of structures within the areas under the three bridges. For preparing the socio-economic profiles of EPs/PAHs, all of them were surveyed with a structured Socio Economic Survey questionnaire. The Socio Economic Survey covers all categories of people irrespective of occupation, income, age or sex living in the project surrounded area. It is to be noted that there are 118 persons who are tenants and wage earners, and 30 business tenants who were not covered for preparing the socio-economic profile of EPs/PAHs because they were quite temporary EPs. Instead, 148 EPs (= 118+30) are covered for cash compensations for the losses they will incur. Information also gathered in order to identify the vulnerable people affected by the project, who are entitled to one-time special assistance/grant for their self-relocation. Table 3.1.1 below presents the bridge wise number of affected households based on the census survey.

Table 3.1.1 Bridge-wise Number of Affected Structure Owners/Households, Tenants and Wage Earners (Entitled Persons)

Types of Affected Persons/Households Bridge site

Total Kanchpur Meghna Gumti

Male Headed: Structure Owner 103 12 25 140

Female Headed: Structure Owner 15 0 2 17

(a) Sub-total: (Affected Structure

Owners/Households) 118 12 27 157

Tenants and Wage Earners 107 1 10 118

Business tenants 24 5 1 30

(b) Sub-total (Tenants, wage earners

and businessman (EPs) 131 6 11 148

Total Number (as of 2014) ((a)+(b)) 249 18 38 305

Total Number (as of 2012) 258 20 26 304

Source: Census conducted in April-October, 2014




Note:

Affected enterprises/business/RHD have been counted as Male headed

1 PAH has been excluded due to setting of Project new boundary at Kanchpur (Chittagong end)

11 PAHs/PEPs are included at Gumti Bridge (Dhaka end) due to inclusion of missing links considered in detailed design stage.

55 PAH/PEPs are included due to Intersection and Flyover construction at Kanchpur (Chittagong end).

Of the total affected households (157), more than 75% (118) are within the ROW of Kanchpur Bridge. In terms of sex of the total structure owner PAHs, 10.83% are female and the rest 89.17% are male.

3.2 Results of the Census Survey

Total number of structure owner (PAHs) is 157 (Table 3.1.1). In addition to the PAHs, 118 tenants and employees of business enterprises and 30 business men are losers. It is to be noted that these 148 tenants and wage earners as well as business tenants are not covered in the preparation the socio-economic profiles of EPs. Instead, they are covered for the cash compensation for the losses they will incur. Table 3.2.1 provides detail information of the total 305 EPs as of 2014 and 304 EPs as of 2012 (JICA FS).

Detailed Design for Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti 2nd Bridges Construction and Existing Bridges Rehabilitation Chapter 3 Census and Socio Economic Studies


Table 3.2.1 Number of Entitled Persons (EPs) and Project Affected People

Sl. No.

Type of persons to be affected

No. of EPs : 2012 & No. of EPs : 2014 Total Affected People

Kanchpur Kanchpur (Revised)

Meghna

Meghna (Revised)

Gumti Gumti (Revised)

Total Total (Revised)

Kanchpur (Revised)

Meghna(Revised)

Gumti (Revised)

Total (Rev)

Required for Displacement

1 Residential structure owners 100 46 1 2 6 5 107 53 198 2 19 219

2 Commercial structure owners 30 70 18 10 18 22 66 102 387 50 136 573

3 Residential cum commercial structure owners

3 2 0 0 0 0 3 2 10 0 0 10

Sub-Total 133 118 19 12 24 27 176 157 595 52 155 802

4 Residential tenants 98 55 0 0 0 0 98 55 55 0 0 55

5 Wage earners (Employees) 26 52 0 1 2 10 28 63 52 1 10 63

6 Business loss 0 24 0 5 0 1 0 30 24 5 1 30

7 Community owned Structures including physical cultural resources

1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

Sub-Total (4-8) 125 131 1 6 2 11 128 148 131 6 11 148

Grand-Total(1-8) 258 209 20 18 26 38 304 305 726 58 166 950

Source: Census conducted in April-October 2014 and RAP report of 2012 (JICA FS)



Note:

Previous and Revised Census were commenced in 2012 and 2014 respectively

Some Households/Persons were left the project sites after Cut-off Date (2012) for self-relocation are not covered in the revised RAP (2014).

The total number of structure owner PAHs are 157. Tenants and employees are 118, losers of business tenants are 30; and total number Entitled Persons are 305. Furthermore, 32 PAHs as well as 23 entitled persons are included in Kanchpur (Total 55 EPs) due to inclusion of Intersection Flyover construction as part of Intersection Improvement at Chittagong End and 11 PAHs/EPs are included at Gumti Bridge, Dhaka end due to inclusion of missing links considered in detailed design stage.

Of the total 157 direct PAHs, out of which 26 (16.56%) are vulnerable and of the total vulnerable more than three-fourths are in the Kanchpur Bridge area.

Table 3.2.2 Number of Vulnerable PAPs during 2014 revised RAP and 2012 RAP

Types of Vulnerable PAPs Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

Year 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014 2012

Female HHH 6 12 0 0 1 1 7 13

Households up to BDT 60,000 annual

income 2 2 0 1 0 3 2 6

Female headed HH/

Disabled/Handicapped/ Widow 9 11 0 0 1 1 10 12

Disabled 3 - 2 - 2 - 7 -

Total 20 25 2 1 4 5 26 31

Source: Census conducted in April-October 2014 and RAP report of 2012 (JICA FS)

3.3 Inventory of Assets

3.3.1 Lands

Figure 3.3.1 shows locations of shallow water body that may be affected by the Project at Kanchpur Bridge while Figure 3.3.2 shows location of plantation area in Meghna Bridge. Land for shallow water body and plantation belongs to RHD and land acquisition is no longer required. However, compensation for fish and tree will be made.



Figure 3.3.1 Location of Shallow Water body Affected at Kanchpur Bridge Site in RHD Land

Figure 3.3.2 Location of Plantation Area Affected at Meghna Bridge Site in RHD Land

Shallow water body

Tree Plantation Area



Table 3.3.1 Area of land to be used at three sites: All land are Owned by the RHD

Land Item Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

Land to be used (all

land is inside RHD

land)

Road and embankment (m2) 21,600 30,000 27,000 78,600

Construction yard (m2) 3,000 25,000 22,000 50,000

Temporary road (m2) 10,000 10,000 4,000 24,000

Total area (m2) 34,600 65,000 53,000 152,600

Source: Consultant

For the construction of Meghna Bridge, land (400m x 10m), concrete fence (450m) and a part of store houses presently owned by Holcim Cement factory are required but compensation may not be required as because the factory will shift the structures at their own cost as per understanding between RHD and Holcim management.

3.3.2 Affected Structures

Total area of structures to be affected by the proposed 3 bridges is 95,385.8 sft of which 71,838.3 sft are owned by the RHD and the rest 23,547.5 sft are owned by the individual squatters. The structures owned by the individuals will be compensated through cash compensation. All the structure owners including the secondary structures will be paid cash compensation at the rate to be determined by the PAVC with the help of PWD.

(1) Affected RHD Structures

Total area of structures to be affected by the proposed three bridges is 71,838.3 sft owned by RHD. Of which, 25,726.26 sft is in Kanchpur, 43,954.0 sft is in Meghna and 2,158.0 sft is in Gumti. Eventually, RHD will make necessary arrangement of reconstructing the affected structures built by RHD on their own land.



Table 3.3.2 Area of Affected Structures in sft. as per 2014 (revised RAP) and 2012 (RAP) Types of structures

Unit Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

Constructed by Constructed by Constructed by Constructed by

Squatters- 2012

Squatters-

2014

RHD-2012

RHD -2014

Squatter

s 2012

Squatters- 2014

RHD-

2012

RHD -2014

Squatters-

2012

Squatters- 2014

RHD-2012

RHD -201

4

Squatters- 2012

Squatters- 2014

RHD-2012

RHD -2014

Primary Structures

Pucca sft 0 0 0 336 0 0 0 1606 0 0 575 1661 0 0 575 3603

Semi-Pucca sft 1359 1197 31312 23288.26 988 114 0 20587 205 0 432 497 2552 1311 31744 44372.3

Tin-made sft 19815 17589.7 5720 2102 4732 937 0 21726 1788 1685.06 115 0 26335 20211.7 5835 23828

Katcha sft 487 997 1136 0 0 0 0 35 316 241.75 160 0 803 1238.75 1296 35

Thatched sft 710 640 0 0 146 96 0 0 49 50 0 0 905 786 0 0

Sub-total sft 22371 20423.7 38168 25726.26 5866 1147 0 43954 2358 1976.81 1282 2158 30595 23547.5 39450 71838.3

Secondary Structures

Pucca Latrine No. 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 4 3 0 20

Slab Latrine No. 24 24 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 24 26 5 0

Tube well No. 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 9 9 2 0

Boundary wall

(Brick 5’’) rft 71 0 41 2121 1500 0 0 1662 0 0 0 0 1571 0 41 3783

Boundary wall

(Brick 10’’) rft 0 0 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200

Boundary wall

(Tin made) rft 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0

Water/ Motor

Pump No. 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 2

Bill Board No. 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0

Bathroom No. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

Ozukhana No. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1





Table 3.3.2.1 Bridge wise Structure Category & Types

Category of Structure

Type of Structure Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total R

esid

en

tia

l

No. No. No. No.

Pucca 2 1 3 6

Semi-pucca 27 25 2 54

Tin Made 76 21 6 103

Katcha 3 1 1 5

Thatched 2 0 1 3

Sub-Total(Res.) 110 48 13 171

Co

mm

erc

ial Pucca 0 0 0 0

Semi-pucca 3 1 0 4

Tin Made 81 9 18 108

Katcha 3 0 3 6

Thatched 2 1 0 3

Sub-Total (Commercial) 89 11 21 121

Grand-Total 199 59 34 292 Notes (1):

Pucca: RCC roof, floor and pillars with brick made walls. Semi Pucca: Brick wall with corrugated iron (CI) sheet roof. Tin Made: Fence and roof is made of corrugated iron sheet. Katcha: roof is made of CI sheet and fence is with bamboo, wood, earth, etc. Thatched: roof and fence both are made of straw/bamboo etc. Dec (=40 square meter)

Notes (2):

The survey team identified about 300 meter Oil Pipe Line owned by Super Oil Refinery Company Limited. Part of the 300 meter say 130 meter will fall just below the Kanchpur Bridge. The Oil pipe line needs to be shifted. The Company has an agreement signed on 28.01.2008 between RHD and Super Oil Refinery. The issue should be resolved as per agreed clauses of the agreement.

Notes (3):

Near Kanchpur Bridge Dhaka end there are RHD residential structures duly netted with Gas Pipe Lines, Electric Lines and Water Lines these have to be shifted.

3.3.3 Trees

All the owners (without RHD trees) of trees will be given cash compensation for wood and fruits. The rates and amounts will be determined by the PAVC taking assistance/help from the Department of Forest for wood and from Board of Horticulture for fruits.




Table 3.3.3 Number of Trees to be Affected

Name of tree Large

Medium

Small Plant

s Sub-To

tal Large

Medium

Small Plant Subtot

al Total

Owned by RHD Owned by Squatters

Kan

ch

pu

r

Mango 7 17 46 22 92 2 1 4 3 10 102

Kadom 0 1 0 0 1 3 1 1 0 5 6

Coconut 5 0 1 0 6 1 0 0 0 1 7

Rain tree 11 4 3 0 18 1 0 5 0 6 24

Jackfruit 0 5 10 11 26 0 0 0 0 0 26

Neem 0 1 3 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4

Black Berry 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2

Mehogoni 20 10 9 1 40 0 3 2 0 5 45

Guava 5 9 18 0 32 0 6 4 0 10 42

Jambura 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 3

Doya 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

Koroi 7 2 0 0 9 0 2 7 0 9 18

Boroi 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 4

Akashmoni 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Banayan tree 3 3 2 0 8 0 2 3 0 5 13

Amra 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 3 3

Date tree 0 0 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 4

Krishnachura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 12

Subtotal 60 56 97 35 248 8 16 41 5 70 318

Meg

hn

a

Mango 0 2 3 4 9 0 0 0 0 0 9

Jackfruit 0 5 3 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 9

Nim 0 7 4 14 25 0 0 0 0 0 25

Mehogini 5 7 5 3 20 0 0 0 0 0 20

Guava 1 1 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 4

Koroi 8 13 7 5 33 15 36 12 0 63 96

Boroi 0 2 7 13 22 0 0 0 0 0 22

Akashmoni 85 600 1000 100 1785 20 113 39 0 172 1957

Banayan tree 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Amra 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Date Tree 13 2 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 15

Debdaru 0 8 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10

Krishnochura 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

Subtotal 114 646 1035 141 1936 35 149 51 0 235 2171

Gu

mti

Mango 3 2 4 1 10 0 0 2 0 2 12

Rain tree/ Shishu 13 102 48 15 178 0 0 0 0 0 178

Jackfruit 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

Nim 8 7 23 103 141 1 3 2 6 147

Mehogini 8 5 1 4 18 0 0 4 2 6 24

Guava 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

Jambura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4 4




Name of tree Large

Medium

Small Plant

s Sub-To

tal Large

Medium

Small Plant Subtot

al Total

Owned by RHD Owned by Squatters

Deoua 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

Koroi 9 4 9 3 25 36 178 252 16 482 507

Boroi 0 5 6 3 14 0 0 7 0 7 21

Akashmoni 2 3 5 2 12 1 17 36 3 57 69

Banayan tree 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

Babla 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4

Krishnachura 11 5 1 1 18 0 0 1 0 1 19

Subtotal 55 137 102 136 430 38 198 308 21 565 995

Total 229 839 1234 312 2614 81 363 400 26 870 3484 Source: Census conducted in April- October, 2014

Remark: Big (diameter: 2 ft), Medium (1ft), Small (< 1 ft) and Plant (nursing)

3.4 Results of Socio Economic Survey

The census of April-October 2014 covered 157 structure owner households; 118 (75.2%) at Kanchpur Bridge area, 12 (7.64%) at Meghna Bridge area and 27 (17.2%) at Gumti Bridge area.

3.4.1 Distribution of Population by Sex

A total of 802 people were found in 157 surveyed households (average households size is 5.11), of which 51.70% are male and 48.25% are female. Table 3.4.1 below presents the total number households and people surveyed in three Bridges.

Table 3.4.1 Bridge Area Wise Distribution of Households and Population by Sex

Name of Bridge

HH Male Female Total Population

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Kanchpur 118 75.2 303 37.8 292 36.41 595 74.19 Meghna 12 7.64 30 3.74 22 2.74 52 6.48

Gumti 27 17.2 82 10.2 73 9.102 155 19.33

Total 157 100 415 51.7 387 48.25 802 100 Source: Census conducted in April-October, 2014

3.4.2 Duration of Living in the Project Areas

Total 157 PAHs have been living in the affected areas with families or similar establishment. The findings shows that 28.03% have been staying for 10 to 20 years, 34.39% have been staying for less than 10 years and 17.83% have been staying for 21 to 30 years. It was found that 5.10% of the 157 PAHs have been staying in the Project area for above 40 years. Details on duration of living of the surveyed PAHs within the Project areas are shown in

Table 3.4.2.




Table 3.4.2 Duration of Households living in the Project Area


3.4.3 Religion of Affected Households and Population

It was found that about 98.13% (787) of the surveyed population (802) belong to the religion, Islam and the remaining 1.87% (15 people) belongs to Hindu religion. In the Kanchpur and Meghna Bridge project areas 100% of the surveyed population found Muslim; while, in the Gumti Bridge area 90.32% and 9.68% of the surveyed population found Muslim and Hindu respectively. No ethnic minorities and indigenous population were found in the corridor of impact of the three bridge sites. Table 3.4.3 shows the distribution of surveyed population by religion within the Project areas.

Table 3.4.3 Surveyed Population by Religion

Religion Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

Population % Population % Population % Population %

Islam 595 100 52 100 140 90.32 787 98.13

Hindu 0 0 0 0 15 9.68 15 1.87

Total 595 100 52 100 155 100 802 100 Source: Census conducted in April-October, 2014

Of the total population of 802 in 157 PAHs, 98.13% are Muslim and the rest 1.87% are Hindu. There were no indigenous people.

3.4.4 Age, Education and Occupation

(1) Population by Age and Sex

Of the total population of 802 in 157 PAHs, the male female percentages are 51.75 and 48.25 respectively. Population in the age groups of up to 10 years and above 60 years are 21.20 and 5.36 percent of the total population. In the total population (802) the Sex Ratio was 107.24% that showed in the Table 3.4.4.

Range of year

Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Below 10 39 24.84 3 1.91 12 7.64 54 34.39

10 to 20 36 22.93 3 1.91 5 3.18 44 28.03

21 to 30 22 14.01 4 2.55 2 1.27 28 17.83

31 to 40 15 9.554 1 0.64 3 1.91 19 12.10

Above 40 5 3.185 1 0.64 2 1.27 8 5.10

No answer 1 0.637 0 0.00 3 1.91 4 2.55

Total 118 75.16 12 7.643 27 17.20 157 100




Table 3.4.4 Distribution of Surveyed Population by Age and Sex under Project Area Source: Census conducted in April-October, 2014

(2) Education Level in Three Bridge Areas

Of the total population, 802, 62(7.73%) are minor, yet to reach the age of going to school (7 years), 20.70% can sign own name only. Those who had degree at the level of S.S.C and H.S.C, constituted 9.85% and above H.S.C was 2.37% of the total population (802) are shown in Table 3.4.5.

Table 3.4.5 Distribution of Population by Education Level under Project Area

Education level Male Female Total

Number % Number % Number %

Literate 89 11.10 77 9.60 166 20.70

1 to 5 121 15.09 116 14.46 237 29.55

6 to 8 62 7.73 56 6.98 118 14.71

9 to 10 33 4.11 29 3.62 62 7.73

SSC 22 2.74 24 2.99 46 5.74

HSC 22 2.74 11 1.37 33 4.11

Honors’/Pass 15 1.87 4 0.50 19 2.37

Masters 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

No Schooling 30 3.74 32 3.99 62 7.73

Hafez 2 0.25 0 0.00 2 0.25

Below Grade-1 2 0.25 0 0.00 2 0.25

Mawlana 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Illiterate 17 2.12 38 4.74 55 6.86

Total 415 51.75 387 48.25 802 100.00


Note:

Age Group Male Female Total


1 to 10 84 10.47 86 10.72 170 21.20

11 to 20 82 10.22 75 9.35 157 19.58

21 to 30 75 9.35 72 8.98 147 18.33

31 to 40 77 9.60 69 8.60 146 18.20

41 to 50 50 6.23 42 5.24 92 11.47

51 to 60 25 3.12 22 2.74 47 5.86

Above 60 22 2.74 21 2.62 43 5.36

Total 415 51.75 387 48.25 802 100.00




SSC : Secondary School Certificate HSC : Higher Secondary Certificate BA : Bachelor of Arts or other Faculties MA : Master of Arts or other Faculties Hafez : Hefez-E-Quran Course (Muslim School)

Excluding the population of less than 7 years and including the population who can sign their names only in the illiterate group, the literacy rate is calculated at about 72.44%.

(3) Education Level at Kanchpur Bridge Area

Of the total population, 595, 20.00% can sign only own name (actually illiterate) and another 7.90% are illiterate implying that 27.90% of the total population are illiterate. Again, 8.91% of the total population are minor, yet to reach the age of going to school (7 years), Excluding this minor group, the total population is 542 of whom 166 are illiterate. In other words the literacy rate within the affected area of Kanchpur Bridge is around 72.10%. Details about the status of education of the male and female population are shown in Table 3.4.6.

Table 3.4.6 Distribution of Population by Education Level in Kanchpur Bridge



Literate 59 9.92 60 10.08 119 20.00

1 to 5 94 15.80 83 13.95 177 29.75

6 to 8 38 6.39 37 6.22 75 12.61

9 to 10 25 4.20 19 3.19 44 7.39

SSC 15 2.52 22 3.70 37 6.22

HSC 19 3.19 9 1.51 28 4.71

Honors’/Pass 10 1.68 3 0.50 13 2.18

Masters 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

No Schooling 26 4.37 27 4.54 53 8.91

Hafez 1 0.17 0 0.00 1 0.17

Below Grade-1 1 0.17 0 0.00 1 0.17

Mawlana 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Illiterate 15 2.52 32 5.38 47 7.90

Total 303 50.92 292 49.08 595 100.00


(4) Education Level at Meghna Bridge Area

Of the total population, 52, 5.77% (3) are illiterate and 2 (3.85%) can sign name only (illiterate). Again none of the total population was minor, yet to reach the age of going to school (7 years). In other words, the literacy rate within the project affected area of Meghna Bridge is around 90.38% are shown in




Table 3.4.7.

Table 3.4.7 Distribution of Population by Education Level in Meghna Bridge


(5) Education Level at Gumti Bridge Area

Of the total population, 155, 3.23% (5) were illiterate and another 29.03% (45) can sign their names only implying that 32.26% (50) were illiterate. Excluding the minors (within the 7 years of age), the size of total population comes down to 146 of whom 50 are illiterate. In other words, the literacy rate is 67.74% are shown in Table 3.4.8.

Table 3.4.8 Distribution of Population by Education in Gumti Bridge



Literate 28 18.06 17 10.97 45 29.03

1 to 5 20 12.90 25 16.13 45 29.03

6 to 8 12 7.74 14 9.03 26 16.77

Education level

Male Female Total


Literate 2 3.85 0 0.00 2 3.85

1 to 5 7 13.46 8 15.38 15 28.85

6 to 8 12 23.08 5 9.62 17 32.69

9 to 10 6 11.54 6 11.54 12 23.08

SSC 1 1.92 1 1.92 2 3.85

HSC 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Honors’/Pass 1 1.92 0 0.00 1 1.92

Masters 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

No Schooling 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Hafez 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Below

Grade-1 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Mawlana 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Illiterate 1 1.92 2 3.85 3 5.77

Total 30 57.69 22 42.31 52 100.00






9 to 10 2 1.29 4 2.58 6 3.87

SSC 6 3.87 1 0.65 7 4.52

HSC 3 1.94 2 1.29 5 3.23

Honors’/Pass 4 2.58 1 0.65 5 3.23

Masters 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

No Schooling 4 2.58 5 3.23 9 5.81

Hafez 1 0.65 0 0.00 1 0.65

Below Grade-1 1 0.65 0 0.00 1 0.65

Mawlana 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Illiterate 1 0.65 4 2.58 5 3.23

Total 82 52.90 73 47.10 155 100.00


(6) Occupation of the Population within Three Bridge Areas

An overwhelming number of populations under the entire project area is student (27.06%) followed by housewife (21.57%), business occupation shared (16.33%). Of the total population, (8.10%) was minor. Details about Character of the male and female population are shown in Table 3.4.9.

Table 3.4.9 Population Distribution by Occupations under the Entire Project Area

Occupations

Male Female Total

No. % No. % No. %

Service 12 1.50 2 0.25 14 1.75

Business 123 15.34 8 1.00 131 16.33

Doctor 1 0.12 0 0.00 1 0.12

Employee 42 5.24 15 1.87 57 7.11

Labor Machine 9 1.12 0 0.00 9 1.12

Labor non-machine 12 1.50 4 0.50 16 2.00

Rickshaw/van puller 8 1.00 0 0.00 8 1.00

Driver 4 0.50 0 0.00 4 0.50

Fisherman 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Housewife 0 0.00 173 21.57 173 21.57

Student 107 13.34 110 13.72 217 27.06

Disabled 24 2.99 25 3.12 49 6.11

others 8 1.00 2 0.25 10 1.25

Tailor 1 0.12 3 0.37 4 0.50

Jobless 29 3.62 9 1.12 38 4.74

Child 31 3.87 34 4.24 65 8.10




Occupations

Male Female Total

No. % No. % No. %

Agriculture 1 0.12 0 0.00 1 0.12

Agro-firm 1 0.12 2 0.25 3 0.37

Beggar 2 0.25 0 0.00 2 0.25

Total 415 51.75 387 48.25 802 100.00 Source: Census conducted in April-October, 2014

(7) Occupation of the Population within Kanchpur Bridge Area

Characters of the Population within Kanchpur Bridge area are in Table 3.16. Nearly 27% of the people within the Kanchpur Bridge area were student followed by housewife (21.01%) and businessmen (16.47%). Number of business employees among the total population was 49(8.24%) and minor children shared 8.57%.

Table 3.4.10 Population Distribution by Occupations in Kanchpur Bridge Area

Occupations Male Female Total

No. % No. % No. %

Service 11 1.85 1 0.17 12 2.02

Business 90 15.13 8 1.34 98 16.47

Doctor 1 0.17 0 0.00 1 0.17

Employee 34 5.71 15 2.52 49 8.24

Labor Machine 8 1.34 0 0.00 8 1.34

Labor non-machine 7 1.18 3 0.50 10 1.68


Driver 4 0.67 0 0.00 4 0.67

Fisherman 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Housewife 0 0.00 125 21.01 125 21.01

Student 79 13.28 81 13.61 160 26.89

Disabled 13 2.18 18 3.03 31 5.21

others 4 0.67 1 0.17 5 0.84

Tailor 0 0.00 3 0.50 3 0.50

Jobless 16 2.69 8 1.34 24 4.03

Child 24 4.03 27 4.54 51 8.57

Agriculture 1 0.17 0 0.00 1 0.17

Agro-firm 1 0.17 2 0.34 3 0.50

Beggar 2 0.34 0 0.00 2 0.34

Total 303 50.92 292 49.08 595 100.00





(8) Occupation of the Population within Meghna Bridge Area

The occupations of the male and female population in the Meghna Bridge area are shown in Among the total population 26.92% were housewives, followed businessmen (17.31%) and student (21.15%) minor children claimed 9.62% of the total population.

Table 3.4.11. Among the total population 26.92% were housewives, followed businessmen (17.31%) and student (21.15%) minor children claimed 9.62% of the total population.

Table 3.4.11 Population Distribution by Occupations in Meghna Bridge Area


No. % No. % No. %

Service 0 0.00 1 1.92 1 1.92

Business 9 17.31 0 0.00 9 17.31

Doctor 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Employee 3 5.77 0 0.00 3 5.77

Labor Machine 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Labor non Machine 1 1.92 0 0.00 1 1.92


Driver 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Fisherman 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Housewife 0 0.00 14 26.92 14 26.92

Student 6 11.54 5 9.62 11 21.15

Disabled 1 1.92 0 0.00 1 1.92

others 2 3.85 0 0.00 2 3.85

Tailor 1 1.92 0 0.00 1 1.92

Jobless 4 7.69 0 0.00 4 7.69

Child 3 5.77 2 3.85 5 9.62

Agriculture 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Agro-firm 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Beggar 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total 30 57.69 22 42.31 52 100.00


(9) Occupation of the Population within Gumti Bridge Area

The occupations of the population in the Gumti Bridge area are shown in Among the total population, students are largest in number (29.68%). Other occupational groups are mainly dominated by housewife (21.94%) and business (15.48%). Minor children were 5.81% of the total population. Table 3.4.12. Among the total population, students are largest in number (29.68%). Other occupational groups are mainly dominated by housewife (21.94%) and business (15.48%). Minor children were 5.81% of the total population.

Table 3.4.12 Population Distribution by Occupations in Gumti Bridge Area





No. % No. % No. %

Service 1 0.65 0 0.00 1 0.65

Business 24 15.48 0 0.00 24 15.48

Doctor 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Employee 5 3.23 0 0.00 5 3.23

Labor Machine 1 0.65 0 0.00 1 0.65

Labor non Machine 4 2.58 1 0.65 5 3.23


Driver 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Fisherman 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Housewife 0 0.00 34 21.94 34 21.94

Student 22 14.19 24 15.48 46 29.68

Disabled 10 6.45 7 4.52 17 10.97

others 2 1.29 1 0.65 3 1.94

Tailor 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Jobless 9 5.81 1 0.65 10 6.45

Child 4 2.58 5 3.23 9 5.81

Agriculture 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Agro-firm 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Beggar 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total 82 52.90 73 47.10 155 100.00


(10) Occupation of the Household Heads

Of the total PAHs (157), 17 (10.83%) are female. Business as principal occupation was mentioned by 81(51.59%) PAHs including one female. Among the 17 female PAHs, 7(41.18%) are housewives and the rest 10 were engaged in some kind of income earning activities.

Table 3.4.13 Distribution of the Household Heads by Occupation

Occupations

Character Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Service No. 8 0 0 0 2 0 10 0

% 7.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 7.14 0.00

Business No. 48 1 11 0 21 0 80 1

% 46.60 6.67 91.67 0.00 84.00 0.00 57.14 5.88

Doctor No. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Employee No. 10 1 0 0 0 0 10 1

% 9.71 6.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.14 5.88

Labor

Machine

No. 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0

% 8.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.43 0.00




Occupations

Character Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Labor

non-Mach

ine

No. 6 2 1 0 0 0 7 2

% 5.83 13.33 8.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 11.76

Rickshaw/

van puller

No. 7 0 0 0 0 0 7 0

% 6.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00

Driver No. 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 0

% 5.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.29 0.00

House

wife

No. 0 5 0 0 0 2 0 7

% 0.00 33.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 41.18

Student No. 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

% 1.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.43 0.00

Disabled No. 4 2 0 0 2 0 6 2

% 3.88 13.33 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 4.29 11.76

others No. 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

% 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.65

Tailor No. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

% 0.00 6.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.88

Jobless No. 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

% 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.00

Agricultur No. 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

% 1.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.43 0.00

Agro-firm No. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Beggar No. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total No. 103 15 12 0 25 2 140 17

% 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00


3.4.5 Marital Status

Marital status of PAPs does not have any relation with the entitlement of compensation. Despite this, information was collected on the marital status of the entire population of the PAHs. Among the total population (802), 506, more than 63% were found married. Total unmarried population was 269 (25.54%) and the rest 3.37% are either widow or widower. The most important point is that none of them was found Divorced or Separated.




Table 3.4.14 Marital Status of Affected Male & Female under Project Area


3.4.6 Income and Poverty Dimensions

Of the total PAHs (157), 34 (21.66%) had annual family income within Tk. 60,000 this group is termed as very poor and is considered as income Vulnerable. Among the various income groups, the highest concentration of PAHs is in the groups, Tk. 120,000 and above 34.39% (54) of the total.

Table 3.4.15 Household Distribution by Annual Income in the three Bridge Areas

Yearly Income level Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

No % No % No % No %

UP to BDT 60,000 26 22.03 3 25.00 5 18.52 34 21.66

60,001-90,000 28 23.73 1 8.33 5 18.52 34 21.66

90,001-120,000 25 21.19 2 16.67 8 29.63 35 22.29

Above 120,000 39 33.05 6 50.00 9 33.33 54 34.39

Total 118 100 12 100 27 100 157 100


Marital status

Sex Chara- cter

Age of HH Member

Total Below-1

1 to 10

11 to 20

21 to 30

31 to 40

41 to 50

51 to 60

Above 60

Married

Male No. 0 2 8 78 63 45 25 29 250

% 0.00 0.40 1.58 15.42 12.45 8.89 4.94 5.73 49.41

Female No. 0 0 38 75 60 39 21 23 256

% 0.00 0.00 7.51 14.82 11.86 7.71 4.15 4.55 50.59

Unmarri-

ed

Male No. 0 88 59 13 0 0 0 0 160

% 0.00 32.71 21.93 4.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 59.48

Female No. 1 60 47 1 0 0 0 0 109

% 0.37 22.30 17.47 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.52

widow

Male No. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Female No. 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 12 22

% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.18 27.27 54.55 100.00

Widower

Male No. 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 5

% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 40.00 100.00

Female No. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00




3.4.7 Yearly Household Expenditure

Income poor households obviously will be of poor characteristics in household expenditures. Of the total 157 PAHs, 20.38% (32) are characterized by very low family expenditure. The PAHs who spend Tk. 10,000 and above per month is 32.48% (51) of the total 157.

Table 3.4.16 Household Distribution by Yearly Expenditure in Three Bridge Are25


3.4.8 Access to Electricity

Of the total 157 PAHs, 21 (13.38%) do not have electricity connection. Those who have electricity connection 136 (86.62%) PAHs are supposed to get some money to compensate for the expenditure to be incurred in getting new electricity connection at the places of relocation.

Table 3.4.17 Distribution of Households by Access to Electricity by Type

Name of the Bridge

National Grid Solar Panel Do not have any type of electricity

Total

No of HHs % No of HHs % No of HHs % No of HHs

%

Kanchpur 103 55.08 0 0.00 15 71.43 118 75.16

Meghna 11 5.88 0 0.00 1 4.76 12 7.64

Gumti 21 11.23 1 100.00 5 23.81 27 17.20

Total 135 72.19 1 100.00 21 100.00 157 100.00


3.4.9 Utilization of Electricity

It was found (Of the total 157 PAHs, 21 (13.38%) do not have electricity connection. Those who have electricity connection 136 (86.62%) PAHs are supposed to get some money to compensate for the expenditure to be incurred in getting new electricity connection at the places of relocation.

Table 3.4.17) that 136 PAHs (including 1 with Solar Panel) are using electricity. Total number of bulb and fan used by the PAHs were 479 and 382 respectively. In other words, average number of bulb and fan per PAHs were 3.05 and 2.43 per PAHs

Table 3.4.18 Use of Electricity for Various Purposes

Yearly Income level


No % No % No % No %

Up to BDT 60,000 25 21.18 2 16.67 5 18.51 32 20.38

60,001-90,000 29 24.58 0 0.00 8 29.63 37 23.57

90,001-120,000 25 21.19 3 25.00 9 33.33 37 23.57

Above 120,000 39 33.05 7 58.33 5 18.52 51 32.48

Total 118 100.00 12 100.00 27 100.00 157 100.00





3.4.10 Water and Sanitation

Of the total 157 PAHs, the households covered under safe water supply were 91.53, 100 and 96.30 percent within the project affected areas of Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti bridges respectively. There are 3.70% PAHs within the proposed Gumti bridge area, who responded that they drink river water. It is to be noted that the PAHs affected by water supply through tube well and tap will get compensation for re-installing them at their places of relocations.

Table 3.4.19 Distribution of Households by Source of Drinking Water


Among the households 91.53% of Kanchpur, 100% of Meghna and 96.30% of Gumti Bridge areas reported that they use safe water for drinking purposes. But the rest uses unsafe water for drinking.

Table 3.4.20 Household Distribution by Water Sources for Other Utilization of Water

Type of uses


No % No % No % No %

Bulb 293 51.22 51 60.71 135 57.94 479 53.88

Fan 255 44.58 32 38.10 95 40.77 382 42.97

Others 24 4.20 1 1.19 3 1.29 28 3.15

Total 572 100 84 100 233 100.00 889 100

Source of water Kanchpur Meghna Gumti

No. households

% of households

No. households

% of households

No. households

% of households

Shallow/ hand

tube well 59 50.00 10 87.50 23 85.19

Deep tube well 29 24.58 2 12.50 1 3.70

Supply 20 16.95 0 0.00 2 7.41

River 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 3.70

Pond 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Canal 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Rain Water 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Others 10 8.47 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total 118 100.00 12 100.00 27 100.00





Of the total 157 PAHs, 91.08% (143) use either pucca or slab latrine. Another 1.91% claimed the use of Katcha or hang and the rest 7.01% use open space. All the open space users are in Kanchpur and Gumti bridge area. It is to be noted that those who will lose latrine will get the Replacement Value (RV) as compensation.

Table 3.4.21 Distribution of Households by Sanitation Facilities

Use of Toilets Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Pucca 43 36.44 3 25.00 5 18.52 51 32.48

Slab 63 8.00 8 66.67 21 77.78 92 58.60

Katcha 2 1.69 1 8.33 0 0.00 3 1.91

Hang 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Open Space 10 8.47 0 0.00 1 3.70 11 7.01

Total 118 54.61 12 100.00 27 100 157 100 Source: Census conducted in April-October, 2014 Note: Pucca: Mud wall toilet; Slab: Toilet with concrete ring over the cesspit Katcha: Bamboo wall toilet; Hanging: Toilet directly dropping on to ground/pond over silted elevated house

3.4.11 Institutional Loan

Of the total 157 PAHs, 78 (49.68%) said that they have taken loan from at least one institutional source. Number lances was highest from BRAC (35.90%) followed by ASA (17.95%). Average amount of loan per lances was much higher for those who have taken loan from Banks compared to the NGOs.

Table 3.4.22 Status of Taking Loan

Status of taking loan


No. % No. % No. % No. %

Yes 55 46.6 8 66.7 15 55.6 78 49.68 No 52 47.5 3 25.0 7 25.9 62 39.49

No answer 11 6.8 1 8.3 5 18.5 17 10.83

Source of Water Kanchpur Meghna Gumti

% % %

Shallow Tube well 15.23 33.4 0

Deep Tube well 12.13 22.71 4.23

Supply 15.59 4.5 7.3

River 16.36 35 50.62

Pond 40.69 4.39 34.2

Canal 0 0 3.65

Total 100 100 100




Status of taking loan


No. % No. % No. % No. %

Total 118 100.0 12 100 27 100.0 157 100.00


Table 3.4.23 Microcredit Support Taken by the Surveyed Households

Bridge Name Name of Source No. HH

Average loan size (BDT)

Minimum size of loan (BDT)

Maximum size of loan (BDT)

Duration for loan

(yr.)

Kanchpur

BRAC 19 85,290 15,000 500,000 5

ASA 13 49,596 15,000 500,000 3

Local NGOs 9 48,562 10,000 100,000 1

Govt. Banks 8 118,622 15,000 1,000,000 1

Private Bank 6 125,142 15,000 120,000 3

Meghna

Grameen Bank 3 29,596 20,000 500,000 2

Local NGOs 2 35,068 20,000 120,000 1

BRAC 2 89,263 20,000 900,000 1

ASA 1 56,036 15,000 250,000 3

Private Bank 0 160,600 20,000 250,000 0

Govt. Banks 0 120,256 20,000 350,000 0

Gumti

BRAC 7 75,000 20,000 85,000 2

Local NGOs 5 58,600 20,000 130,000 1

Grameen Bank 1 45,263 15,000 400,000 1

Govt. Banks 2 419,545 20,000 2,500,000 5

Private Bank 0 256,322 20,000 120,000 0


3.4.12 Housing Pattern

All the PAHs will get compensation for the affected structures at the rate determined by the PAVC with the help of PWD representative. Here in the 3 bridge areas, the construction materials of the structures are highly dominated by Tin roof and ordinary fence. This type of structures shared 72.26% of the total affected structures followed by semi-pucca, 19.86% of the total.

Table 3.4.24 Housing Pattern in the Project in Terms of Housing Material

Type of Structure Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Pucca 2 1.01 1 1.69 3 8.82 6 2.05

Semi-pucca 30 15.08 26 44.07 2 5.88 58 19.86

Tin roofed and fenced

157 78.89 30 50.85 24 70.59 211 72.26

Katcha 6 3.02 1 1.69 4 11.76 11 3.77

Thatched 4 2.01 1 1.69 1 2.94 6 2.05

Total 199 100.00 59 100.00 34 100.00 292 100.00 Source: Census conducted in April-October, 2014

3.4.13 Household Assets




The PAPs will not get any compensation for ownership of household assets. Table 3.4.25 given an idea of their ownership of these assets. It is to be noted that a good number of PAPs do not use their structure as residence; instead, these are used as business office.

Table 3.4.25 Household Assets

Item Kanchpur Meghna Gumti Total

Household Appliances

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Chair 265 24.51 48 32.88 150 38.86 463 28.70

Table 145 13.41 15 10.27 25 6.48 185 11.47

Almirah 130 12.03 14 9.59 23 5.96 167 10.35

Television 76 7.03 10 6.85 27 6.99 113 7.01

Refrigerator 53 4.90 7 4.79 22 5.70 82 5.08

Mobile 194 17.95 26 17.81 35 9.07 255 15.81

Watch 59 5.46 6 4.11 17 4.40 82 5.08

fan 8 0.74 0 0.00 0 0.00 8 0.50

Khat 82 7.59 17 11.64 67 17.36 166 10.29

Choke 41 3.79 0

13 3.37 54 3.35

Bench 4 0.37 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 0.25

Tailor Machine

1 0.09 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 0.06

Wardrobe 2 0.19 0 0.00 1 0.26 3 0.19

Meat safe 1 0.09 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 0.06

Others 20 1.85 3 2.05 6 1.55 29 1.80

Total 1081 100.00 146 100.00 386 100.00 1613 100.00 Source: Census conducted in April-October, 2014

3.4.14 Health Care facility

There are several categories of health care facilities in the Project surrounding areas such as hospital, clinic, rural dispensary, etc. within the reach of the people. These are mostly found within 5 km except Government Hospitals. In other bridge areas the scenario is almost similar. Households’ responses on distance of healthcare centers from their residence are shown in Table 3.4.26.

Table 3.4.26 Households response on Distance of Healthcare Centers

Name of Bridge

Healthcare Centre

Up to 1 km 1 to 3 km 3 to 5 km Above 5 km Total

Households

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

Kanchpur

Government Hospital

6 5.08 5 4.24 7 5.93 100 84.75 118 100

Upazila Health complex

8 6.78 20 16.95 48 40.68 42 35.59 118 100

Private Hospital 95 80.51 6 5.08 9 7.63 8 6.78 118 100

Rural healthcare center

115 97.46 2 1.69 0 0.00 1 0.85 118 100

Family care center 102 86.44 7 5.93 6 5.08 3 2.54 118 100




Name of Bridge

Healthcare Centre

Up to 1 km 1 to 3 km 3 to 5 km Above 5 km Total

Households

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

Meghna

Government Hospital

1 8.33 3 25.00 3 25.00 5 41.67 12 100


2 16.67 6 50.00 2 16.67 2 16.67 12 100

Private Hospital 2 16.67 4 33.33 0 0.00 6 50.00 12 100 Rural healthcare center

1 8.33 2 16.67 2 16.67 7 58.33 12 100

Family care center 5 41.67 4 33.33 2 16.67 1 8.33 12 100

Gumti

Government Hospital

6 22.22 3 11.11 12 44.44 6 22.22 27 100


17 62.96 6 22.22 4 14.81 0 0.00 27 100

Private Hospital 8 29.63 8 29.63 5 18.52 6 22.22 27 100 Rural healthcare center

12 44.44 6 22.22 8 29.63 1 3.70 27 100

Family care center 9 33.33 8 29.63 6 22.22 4 14.81 27 100 Source: Census conducted in April-October, 2014

3.4.15 Educational Institutions

A good number of educational institutions are found in the Project area. These are mostly schools, colleges and Madrasah. There is no University in the Project area. Households’ responses on distance of educational institutions from their residence are shown in Table 3.4.27.

Table 3.4.27 Households response on Distance of Educational Institutions

Name of Bridge

Educational Institutes

Up to 1 km 1 to 3 km 3 to 5 km >5 km Total

Households

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of Hhs.

% No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

Kanchpur

University 0 0.00 4 3.39 6 5.08 108 91.53 118 100

College 66 55.93 40 33.90 4 3.39 8 6.78 118 100

High School 61 51.69 36 30.51 6 5.08 15 12.71 118 100

Primary School 87 75.00 22 18.97 4 3.45 3 2.59 116 100

Non-formal

Education 92 77.97 5 4.24 0 0.00 21 17.80 118 100

Madrasah 93 78.81 4 3.39 3 2.54 18 15.25 118 100

Maktob 96 81.36 8 6.78 9 7.63 5 4.24 118 100

Meghna

University 0 0.00 1 8.33 6 50.00 5 41.67 12 100

College 2 16.67 2 16.67 5 41.67 3 25.00 12 100

High School 5 41.67 3 25.00 4 33.33 0 0.00 12 100

Primary School 3 25.00 4 33.33 2 16.67 3 25.00 12 100




Name of Bridge

Educational Institutes

Up to 1 km 1 to 3 km 3 to 5 km >5 km Total

Households

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

No. of Hhs.

% No. of

Hhs. %

No. of

Hhs. %

Non-formal

Education 4 33.33 1 8.33 3 25.00 4 33.33 12 100

Madrasah 11 91.67 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 8.33 12 100

Makto 0 0.00 2 16.67 2 16.67 8 66.67 12 100

Gumti

University 0 0.00 0 0.00 23 85.19 4 14.81 27 100

College 0 0.00 0 0.00 8 29.63 19 70.37 27 100

High School 2 7.41 9 33.33 12 44.44 4 14.81 27 100

Primary School 21 77.78 1 3.70 2 7.41 3 11.11 27 100

Non-formal

Education 25 92.59 2 7.41 0 0.00 0 0.00 27 100

Madrasah 25 92.59 2 7.41 0 0.00 0 0.00 27 100

Maktob 23 85.19 4 14.81 0 0.00 0 0 27 100


3.4.16 Gender: Socio-Economic Profile of Female PAHs

For documenting the Socio-Economic Profile of the female PAHs, data were collected on their Demographic, Social and Economic Characteristics. It is noted that all the Female PAHs will be considered as Vulnerable and they are entitled as cash grant of BDT 10,000.00 (Ten Thousand Taka) per household. It may be mentioned that all this PAHs including the females are on RHD land. Some important Socio-Economic characteristics of the female PAHs are furnished in Table 3.4.28.

Table 3.4.28 Socio-Economic characteristics of the female PAHs

Indicators Bridge wise data


Total number of PAHs 118 12 27 157 Total number of female PAHs 15 0 2 17

Nature of Displacement Residence 14 0 2 16 Business 1 0 0 1

Ownership of Structure Own 15 0 2 17 Tenant 0 0 0 0

Age Within 60 yrs. 11 0 2 13 Above 60 yrs. 4 0 0 4

Ethnicity Bangali 15 0 2 17

Indigenous 0 0 0 0

Religion Muslim 15 0 2 17

Others 0 0 0 0




Indicators Bridge wise data


Income earner Yes 15 0 2 17

No 1 0 0 1 Marital status Married 7 0 1 8

Widow 8 0 1 9

Literacy level

Illiterate 7 0 0 7

Class I-V 7 0 2 9 Above-V 1 0 0 1

Physical Condition Physically fit 13 0 2 15

Physically unfit 2 0 0 2

Economic condition of the household

Hardcore poor 10 0 1 11

Poor 5 0 1 6 Above Poor 0 0 0 0

Association with NGOs types of work

Yes 0 0 0 0 No 15 0 2 17


The revised RAP and especially the Entitlement Matrix (EM) have given some special emphasis on women heads of households, and poor/vulnerable women in the following ways:

All the female household heads will be considered as vulnerable and will get a special grant of BDT 10,000.00 per household;

They will be motivated to receive training, either by herself or by one of her family member, on the IGA liked by them where, the training costs will be borne by the Project;

In disbursement of compensation through the RAP-IA, special measures will be taken by the RAP-IA so that their cases are resolved on priority basis; and

The construction contractors will be requested to provide some separate/extra/better facilities like toilet, washing facilities and resting place near the work place of the female workers so that they will feel comfortable; and for emergency health care, Upazila Health Centers of the respective area will be requested by the EA for extending better cooperation.

CHAPTER 4

LEGAL FRAMEWORK


Chapter 4 Legal Framework


CHAPTER 4. LEGAL FRAMEWORK

4.1 Law and Policy on Land Acquisition in Bangladesh

The current legislations governing land acquisition in Bangladesh is the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance 1982 (hereinafter, “the Ordinance”) and subsequent amendments (1989, 1993, 1994, 2004, 2009 and 2011). The Ordinance provides certain safeguards for landowners and has provisions for payment of ‘fair value’ for the property acquired. Besides, the 1994 amendment made provisions for payment of crop compensation to tenant cultivators. However, it does not cover project-affected persons without titles or ownership record, such as informal settler/squatters, occupiers and informal tenants and lease-holders (without document) and does not ensure replacement value of the property acquired. It does not permit the affected persons to take the salvageable materials for which compensation have been paid by the Deputy Commissioner (DC). It has no provision of resettlement assistance and transitional allowances for restoration of livelihood of livelihoods of the non-titled affected persons. The ordinance (2009) made provision to refuge the compensation by the authority to those households or individual who constructed or will construct any structure with mal fid intention to get compensation.

In all cases, the DC determines (i) market value of acquired assets on the date of notice of acquisition (based on the registered value of similar property bought and/or sold in crops) due to compulsory acquisition. The DC payments or “awarded” to owners is called Cash Compensation under Law (CCL). The value thus paid is invariably less than the “market value” as owners customarily report undervalued land transaction prices in order to pay lower stamp duty and registration fees. As a result, compensation for land paid by DC, including premium, remains less than the real market price or Replacement Value (RV).

The land owner has to establish ownership by producing a Record-of-Rights (ROR) in order to be eligible for compensation under the law. ROR prepared under Section 143 or 144 of the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1950 (revised 1994) are not always updated and as a result legal land owners have faced difficulties trying to establish this title right over the land or other properties. The APs must also produce rent receipt or receipt of land development tax, but this is not appropriate in some situations as a person is exempted from payment of rent if the area of land is less than 25 bighas2 (3.37 hec.).

Khas (Government owned) lands should be acquired first when a Project acquires both khas (public) and private land. If a Project acquires only khas, the land will be transferred through an inter- ministerial meeting following the preparation of acquisition proposal submitted to DC /MOL. Places of worship, graveyard and cremation grounds are not to be acquired for any purpose.

The DC processes land acquisition under the Ordinance and pays compensation to the legal owners

There is provision for Arbitration Appellate Tribunal on compensation assessment by the DC, but the law allows only 10 percent enhancements on the DC “award.”

Of the acquired land, the Ministry of Lands (MOL) is authorized to deal with land acquisition through the DCs.

1 Bigha2 =1,340 square meter




The Ordinance will be applied for this Project including its subsequent amendments. In addition to the 1982 Ordinance the Project will also use Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project Land Acquisition ACT 2009 for the process of land acquisition. However these rules are mainly applied for formal land title holders only and the affected people by the Project are non-titled people without application of these rules.

4.2 National policy on Involuntary Resettlement

The Government of Bangladesh, with the help of ADB technical assistance (TA) has prepared a national policy on involuntary resettlement, which is consistent with the general policy of the Government that the rights of those displaced by development Project shall be fully regarded, and persons being displaced shall be treated with dignity and assisted in such a way that safeguards their welfare and livelihoods and livelihoods irrespective of title, gender, and ethnicity.

The Policy on involuntary resettlement recognizes that:

(1) All those displaced involuntarily by either Project or non-project impacts like erosion and eviction must be resettled and rehabilitated in a productive and sustainable manner.

(2) People who are resettled must be able, through their own efforts and/ or with support as may be required, to restore or improve upon their level of living.

(3) Cash compensation shall be paid in development Project at replacement value to those displaced for land and other assets acquired based on established prior to ownership and / or user rights. In addition to cash compensation and resettlement, a benefit sharing will be considered where feasible.

(4) Cultural and customary rights of people affected by Project are to be protected, particularly those belonging to adibasis (indigenous) and ethnic minorities.

(5) Gender equality and equity in all stages and processes of resettlement and rehabilitation will be fully respected.

(6) Affected persons will be informed and consulted in a transparent manner, including formal disclosure of Project impacts and mitigation measures.

(7) Vulnerable groups, including landless, professionally marginalized poor women headed households, physically challenged people, elderly and those falling below the nationally defined poverty line (by the Government) displaced by Project or non-project impacts, are entitled to additional benefits and assistance in a manner that addresses their specific needs related to socio-economic vulnerability .

(8) Similarly, affected persons and / or businesses on Government leased land will be eligible for compensation for loss of access to land and sites.

The draft Policy was submitted to the Government in November 2007. It has been approved by the Ministry of Land on 1 January 2008 and is placed before the Cabinet later in February 2008. Ministry of Land has enacted “The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act 2009” and “Dhaka Elevated Expressway Project Land Acquisition Act, 2011”. As of August, 2012 this policy is still in the process of evaluation and approval by the Government.




4.3 JICA’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement

The key principle of JICA policies on involuntary resettlement is summarized below:

(1) Involuntary resettlement and loss of means of livelihood are to be avoided where feasible by exploring all viable alternatives. When, after such an examination, avoidance is proved unfeasible, effective measures to minimize impact and to compensate for losses must be agreed upon with the people who will be affected.

(2) People who must be resettled involuntarily and people whose means of livelihood will be hindered or lost must be sufficiently compensated and supported by project proponents etc. in a timely manner.

(3) Prior compensation, at full replacement cost, must be provided as much as possible, so that they can improve or at least restore their standard of living, income opportunities and production levels, or at least to restore these to pre-project levels.

(4) Appropriate participation by affected people and their communities must be promoted in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of resettlement action plans and measures to prevent the loss of their means of livelihood.

(5) For Projects that entail large-scale involuntary resettlement action plans must be prepared and made available to the public.

(6) In preparing a resettlement action plan, consultations must be held with the affected people and their communities based on sufficient information made available to them in advance. When consultations are held, explanations must be given in a form, manner, and language that are understandable to the affected people.

(7) Appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms must be established for the affected people and their communities.

Above principles are complemented by World Bank OP 4.12, since it is stated in JICA Guideline that “JICA confirms that Projects do not deviate significantly from the World Bank’s Safeguard Policy.” Additional key principle based on World Bank OP4.12 is as follows:

a) Affected people are to be identified and recorded as early as possible in order to establish their eligibility through an initial baseline survey (including population census that serves as an eligibility cut-off date, asset inventory, and socioeconomic survey), preferable at the Project identification stage, to prevent a subsequent influx of encroachers of others who wish to take advance of such benefits.

b) Eligibility of Benefits include, the PAPs who have formal legal rights to land (including customary and traditional land rights recognized under law), the PAPs who don’t have formal legal rights to land at the time of census but have a claim to such land or assets and the PAPs who have no recognizable legal right to the land they are occupying.

c) Preference should be given to land-based resettlement strategies for displaced persons whose livelihoods are land-based.

d) Provide support for the transition period (between displacement and livelihood restoration.




e) Particular attention must be paid to the needs of the vulnerable groups among those displaced, especially those below the poverty line, landless, elderly, women and children, ethnic minorities etc.

f) For Projects that entail land acquisition or involuntary resettlement of fewer than 200 people, Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (ARP) is to be prepared.

In addition to the above core principles on the JICA policy, it also laid emphasis on a detailed resettlement policy inclusive of all the above points; project specific resettlement plan; institutional framework for implementation; monitoring and evaluation mechanism; time schedule for implementation; and detailed Financial Plan etc.

4.4 Gap Analysis between JICA Guideline and Bangladesh Policy

There is an essential gap between JICA Guidelines and law of Bangladesh since any compensation/ assistance is to move out none-titled for the Project while JICA Guidelines specifies “to improve or at least restore the life level and livelihood of affected people, who has title or not”. Table 4.4.1 suggests how to fill up these gaps in details.

Table 4.4.1 How to fill up the Gaps between JICA Environmental and Social Consideration Guidelines and Laws of Bangladesh

No

JICA Environmental and Social Consideration Guidelines (JICA Guidelines)

Laws of Bangladesh

Gaps between JICA Guideline and Lows of Bangladesh

Action taken to fill up the gaps

1

Involuntary resettlement and loss of means of livelihood are to be avoided when feasible by exploring all viable alternatives. When, after such an examination, avoidance is proved unfeasible, effective measures to minimize impact and to compensate for losses must be agreed upon with the people who will be affected

Not specified

The 1982 ordinance legislated nothing, while the JICA Guidelines require to avoid/minimize resettlement/ loss of livelihood. There is no provisions for compensation to the non- titled residents in Bangladesh ordinance, while JICA guidelines acknowledge all affected persons whether legally residing or not, eligible for compensation

Route to minimize such impacts were chosen in the view of number of relocated households as shown in Section 2.2 Feasible route selection. Compensations were proposed for non-titled affected people providing : -Compensation for structures, trees - Structure transfer assistance -Moving assistance -Tenant moving allowance

2

People who must be resettled involuntarily and people whose means of livelihood will be hindered or lost must be sufficiently compensated and supported by project proponents etc. in a timely manner

Not specified for non-titled people

There is no provisions for maintaining living standard of affected people at same or above pre-project levels in Bangladesh ordinance, while JICA guidelines require that no one is worse off as a result of resettlement and would maintain their living level at least original levels

Assistances Were proposed in the forms of: -Grant for business loss -Compensation for losses of plant and fish-stock -Grant for loss of wage employment - Rental fee loss for displaced rent house owner - Introduction of micro-credit, - Provision of job training, Provision of priority employment, etc.




No


Laws of Bangladesh



3

Prior compensation, at full replacement cost, must be provided as much as possible, so that they can improve or at least restore their standard of living, income opportunities and production levels, or at least to restore these to pre-project levels.

Compensation is made based on the pre-determined Government prices as are usually quite cheaper than market price

Compensation is made based on the pre-determined Government prices that are usually lower than replacement cost.

Compensation is proposed as per market price plus surveyed and verified by PAVC, and to be provided in timely manner before relocation.

4

Appropriate participation by affected people and their communities must be promoted in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of resettlement action plans and measures to prevent the loss of their means of livelihood.

There is no provision for the monitoring related activities with the participation of affected people

There is no provision in Bangladesh ordinances, while JICA guidelines recommend participation of affected people in planning, implementation, and monitoring of RAP.

Based on FGD, stakeholders’ meetings and door to door survey, almost all of them prefer “Self Relocation1”

5

For Projects that entail large-scale involuntary resettlement, resettlement action plans must be prepared and made available to the public.

There is no provision for the formulation of RAP and public hearing. RHD as an Executive Agency will contracts the non-title holders in the squatters for their property and other asset loss; and if the loser has no objection, confirmation operation for compensation amount etc. will be proceeded.

There is no provision for preparation of resettlement action plan that describes all features of resettlements requirements and ready to disclose public.

RAP shall be prepared since the self-relocated peoples are estimated more than 200.

6

In preparing a resettlement action plan, consultations must be held with the affected people and their communities based on sufficient information made available to them in advance. When

The 1982 Ordinance have provisions to notify the owners of property to be acquired.

There is no provision in the law for consulting the stakeholders but the land allocation committees at district, division and central Government level. Requirements of JICA guidelines are not

Twenty Eight (28) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were conducted with participation of 623 persons; and door to door consultation for 551 Entitled Persons were implemented. More 22 FGDs are planned to be conducted during RAP implementation period.

1ADB Social Safeguard Policy 2009 also indicated that ‘self-relocation’ is the 2nd best options for the people who are dislocated due to project intervention. The first preferable best option is ‘affected but no need to move.




No


Laws of Bangladesh



consultations are held, explanations must be given in a form, manner, and language that are understandable to the affected people.

specifically mentioned in the Bangladesh laws and rules.

Explanation was made in local language (Bangla) verbally and with written script.

7

Appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms must be established for the affected people and their communities.

In case EP have objection to compensation amount, the EP should protest and entrust the matter to the GRC. The Project Director approves the decision of the GRC. The EP ideally should accept GRC decision..

The law of Bangladesh states appeals to Arbitrator and court case, while JICA guideline recommends establishing appropriate grievance mechanism for amicable settlement to minimize legal confrontation.

Setting up of grievance mechanism accessible for entitled people for Non-Title holders was proposed as per law. Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) will be established in the Project in Union Parishad/Ward. The GRCs are officially recognized “non-judicial” community based body who will seek to resolve non-judicial disputes arising out of various matters related to the implementation of the RAP.

a)

Affected people are to be identified and recorded as early as possible in order to establish their eligibility through an initial baseline survey (including population census that serves as an eligibility cut-off date, asset inventory, and socioeconomic survey), preferably at the Project identification stage, to prevent a subsequent influx of encroachers of others who wish to take advance of such benefits.

No such an activity required

There is no provision in Bangladesh ordinances, while JICA guidelines recommends identification of affected people the earliest possible time preferably at the Project identification stage.

Census, socioeconomic survey and registration were implemented 16th March 2012,next day of stakeholders’ meetings at Kanchpur and Meghna and all the affected people and his properties were registered and their photos were taken in that time.

b)

Eligibility of benefits includes, the Project Entitled Persons (PEPs) who have formal legal rights to land (including customary and traditional land rights recognized under law), the PAPs, who don’t have formal legal rights to land at the time of census but have a claim to such land or assets and the PAPs who have no recognizable

N/A N/A

There is no legal rights holder except Holcim Cement Factory owner who made formal contract with Government/ RHD to borrow lands




No


Laws of Bangladesh



legal right to the land they are occupying.

c)

Preference should be given to land-based resettlement strategies for displaced persons whose livelihoods are land-based.

N/A N/A There is no land-based affected people

d)

Provide support for the transition period (between displacement and livelihood restoration).

There is no provision for support for the transition period.

There is no provision in Bangladesh ordinances, while JICA guidelines require providing support for the transition period

Following are provided:

Transfer grants for residential house owner

Shifting allowance for residential tenants

e)

Particular attention must be paid to the needs of the vulnerable groups among those displaced, especially those below the poverty line, landless, elderly, women and children, ethnic minorities etc.

There is no provisions for either acknowledgement of or compensation to vulnerable groups

There is no provision in Bangladesh ordinances, while JICA guidelines require providing special attention to vulnerable people and groups.

Special onetime assistance/grants were proposed for the vulnerable EPs (widowed , old, disabled and female/hardcore poor household head families)

Source: JICA FS RAP Report (October 2012)

CHAPTER 5

ELIGIBILITY


Chapter 5 Eligibility


CHAPTER 5. ELIGIBILITY

5.1 Project Resettlement Principle & Policies

(1) The Government of Bangladesh will use the Project Resettlement Policy (the Project Policy) for the “The Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti 2nd Bridges Construction and Existing Bridges Rehabilitation Project (KMG Project)” specifically because existing national laws and regulations have not been designed to address involuntary resettlement according to international practices, including JICA’s policy. The Project Policy is aimed at filling-in any gaps in what local laws and regulations cannot provide in order to help ensure that PEPs are able to rehabilitate themselves to at least their pre-project situation. This section discusses the principles of the Project Policy and the entitlements of the PEPs based on the type and degree of their losses. Where there are gaps between the Bangladesh’s legal framework for resettlement and JICA’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement, practicable mutually agreeable approaches will be designed consistent with Government practices and JICA’s Policy.

(2) Land acquisition and involuntary resettlement will be avoided where feasible, or minimized, by identifying possible alternative Project designs that have the least adverse impact in the communities in the Project area.

(3) Where displacement of households is unavoidable, all PEPs losing assets, livelihoods or resources will be fully compensated so that they can improve, or at least restore their former economic and social conditions.

(4) Compensation support will be provided to any PEPs, that is, any person or household or business or unanticipated individual.

Standard of living adversely affected;

Right, title or interest in any house, interest in, or right to use, any land (including Premises, agricultural and grazing land, commercial properties, tenancy, or right in annual or perennial crops and trees or any other fixed or moveable assets, acquired or possessed, temporarily or permanently;

Income earning opportunities, business, occupation, work or place of residence or habitat adversely affected temporarily or permanently; or

Social and cultural activities and relationships affected or any other losses that may be identified during the process of resettlement planning.

(5) All affected people will be eligible for compensation and rehabilitation assistance, irrespective of tenure status, social or economic standing and any such factors that may discriminate against achievement of the objectives outlined above. Lack of legal rights to the assets lost or adversely affected tenure status and social or economic status will not bar the PEPs from entitlements to such compensation and rehabilitation measures or resettlement objectives. All PEPs residing, working, doing business and/or cultivating land within the Project impacted areas as of the date of the latest census and Inventory of Lost Assets (IOL), are entitled to compensation for their lost assets (land and/or non-land assets), at replacement cost to assist them to improve or at least maintain their pre-project living standards.

(6) PEPs that lose only part of their physical assets will not be left with a portion that will be inadequate to sustain their current standard of living. The minimum size of remaining land and structures will be agreed during the resettlement planning process.




(7) People temporarily affected are to be considered PAPs and resettlement plans address the issue of temporary acquisition.

(8) Where a host community is affected by the development of a resettlement site in that community, the host community shall be involved in any resettlement planning and decision-making. All attempts shall be made to minimize the adverse impacts of resettlement upon host communities.

(9) The resettlement plans will be designed in accordance with “Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance”, (1982) and JICA’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement.

(10) The Resettlement Plan will be translated into local languages and disclose for the reference of PAPs as well as other interested groups.

(11) Payment for land and/or non-land assets will be based on the principle of replacement cost.

(12) Compensation for PEPs dependent on agricultural activities will be land based wherever possible. Land-based strategies may include provision of replacement land, ensuring greater security of tenure, and upgrading livelihoods of people without legal land titles. If replacement land is not available, other strategies may be built around opportunities for re-training, skill development, wage employment, or self-employment, including access to credit. Solely cash compensation will be avoided as an option if possible, as this may not address losses that are not easily quantified, such as access to services and traditional rights, and may eventually lead to those populations being worse off than without the project.

(13) Replacement lands, if the preferred option of PEPs, should be within the immediate vicinity of the affected lands wherever possible and be of comparable productive capacity and potential1. As a second option, sites should be identified that minimize the social disruption of those affected; such lands should also have access to services and facilities similar to those available in the lands affected.

(14) Resettlement assistance will be provided not only for immediate loss, but also for a transition period needed to restore livelihood and standard of living of PEPs. Such support could take the form of short-term jobs, subsistence support, salary maintenance, or similar arrangements.

(15) The revised RAP must consider the needs of those most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of resettlement (including the poor, those without legal title to land, ethnic minorities, and women, children, elderly and disabled) and ensure they are considered in resettlement planning and mitigation measures identified. Assistance should be provided to help them improve their socio-economic status.

(16) PEPs will be involved in the process of developing and implementing resettlement plans.

1 Agricultural land for land of equal productive capacity means that the land provided as compensation should be able to

produce the same or better yield the AP was producing on his/her land prior to the project. The production should be in the

planning season immediately following the land acquisition. It can be for a future period if transitional allowance equal to the

household’s previous yield is provided to the AP household while waiting for the land to get back to the same productivity as

the previous land.




(17) PEPs and their communities will be consulted about the Project, the rights and options available to them, and proposed mitigation measures for adverse impact, and to the extent possible be involved in the decisions that are made concerning their resettlement.

(18) Adequate budgetary support will be fully committed and made available to cover the costs of compensation and income restoration measures within the agreed implementation period. The funds for all resettlement activities will come from the revenue budget of the Government.

(19) Displacement should not occur before payment of compensation and other assistance, if required. Sufficient civic infrastructure is provided in resettlement site if developed prior to relocation. Acquisition of assets, payment of compensation, and the resettlement and start of the livelihood rehabilitation activities of PEPs, will be completed side by side with construction activities, except when a court of law orders so in expropriation cases. Ideally livelihood restoration measures may be in place but not necessarily completed prior to construction activities, as these may be ongoing activities.

(20) Organization and administrative arrangements for the effective preparation and implementation of the resettlement plan will be identified and in place prior to the commencement of the process; this will include the provision of adequate human resources for supervision, consultation, and monitoring of resettlement and rehabilitation activities.

(21) Appropriate reporting (including auditing and redress mechanisms), monitoring and evaluation, will be identified and set forth as a part of the resettlement management system. An external monitoring group has been hired by the Project and will evaluate the resettlement process and final outcome. Such group is a qualified NGOs named as Polli Unnayan Andolon (RDM).

5.2 Cut-off Date of Eligibility

The cut-off date of eligibility refers to the date prior to which the occupation or use of the Project area makes residents/users of the same eligible to be categorized as PAPs and be eligible to the Project entitlements. In the Project, the cut-off date was determined as the date when census survey started on 8th March 2012 in Kanchpur, 15th March 2012 in Meghna and Gumti Bridge under JICA Feasibility Study (2012). Cut-off date for north side of Chittagong End for Kanchpur Bridge has been set as 20th October 2014 due to inclusion of Kanchpur Intersection Improvement Works at later stage. These dates were disclosed to each affected and entitled persons by the relevant local government representatives and the community leaders. The establishment of the cut-off date eligibility is intended to prevent the influx of ineligible non-residents who might take advantage of the Project entitlements.

5.3 Principles of Replacement Cost

All compensation for assets owned by households/shop owners who meet the cut-off date will be based on the principle of replacement cost. Replacement cost is the amount calculated before displacement which is needed to replace an affected asset without depreciation and without deduction for taxes and/or costs of transaction as follows:

Replacement cost survey for the structures and trees was conducted using structured questionnaire among the local people knowledgeable about price of housing materials




and construction cost, such as businessmen (CI sheet, Rod, Bamboo, or Wood), etc. At the same time, relevant information were collected from other people who constructed structures. The structures are mainly categorized in five different groups i.e. Pucca, Tin shade, Katcha (bamboo) and Thatched. Some secondary structures such as latrine, tube wells, boundary wall, water tank, bill board, etc. were also found affected. Compensation rates for affected structures were determined based on the current market prices for building material and labor costs collected from knowledgeable persons. Market surveys were carried out to determine the cost of construction and the rates for four categories of structures.

Different species of trees both fruit bearing and timber type have been evaluated through interviewing the local people based on girth and species. Rent paid by the PEPs within the Project area was also collected in the replacement cost survey. The survey identified the loss of four types of trees. These are large, medium, and small and plant. Results of unit cost survey and unit cost to be adopted for this Project are shown in Table 5.3.1 and Table 5.3.2.

Table 5.3.1 Results of Unit Cost Survey of structure in BDT/sft

Sl. No. Category of Items Rate in BDT

1 Pucca (sft) 1,736

2 Semi Pucca (sft) 1,222

3 Tin made (sft) 583

4 Katcha (sft) 340

5 Thatched (sft) 291

6 Pucca Latrine (No.) 24,133

7 Slab Latrine (No.) 4,300

8 Tube well (No.) 19,985

9 Boundary wall ( Brick 5'') (rft) 763

10 Boundary wall ( Brick 10'') (rft) 1,526

11 Boundary wall ( Tin made) (rft) 328

12 Water Pump (No.) 5,000

Table 5.3.2 Results of Unit Cost Survey of Tree in BDT/Number

SL No Item Size Number of Trees

Total Average Price

(Per Pcs) Kanchpur Meghna Gumti

1 Mango

Large 6000 7000 8000 21000 7,000

Medium 4000 6000 5000 15000 5,000

Small 800 700 900 2400 800

Plant 248 200 200 648 216

2 Black Berry

Large 8000 8500 9000 25500 8,500

Medium 5000 6000 7000 18000 6,000

Small 2000 2000 2000 6000 2,000

Plant 200 150 200 550 183




SL No Item Size

Number of Trees

Total Average Price


3 Jackfruit

Large 9500 9000 10000 28500 9,500

Medium 5000 7000 6000 18000 6,000

Small 1000 1200 800 3000 1,000

Plant 150 200 100 450 150

4 Koroi

Large 6000 8000 7000 21000 7,000

Medium 5000 4000 6000 15000 5,000

Small 3500 3000 2500 9000 3,000

Plant 150 100 100 350 117

5 Mehogni

Large 7000 9000 8000 24000 8,000

Medium 6000 8000 7000 21000 7,000

Small 1000 1100 900 3000 1,000

Plant 100 100 100 300 100

6 Boroi

Large 5000 4500 5000 14500 4,833

Medium 2500 3500 3000 9000 3,000

Small 500 700 900 2100 700

Plant 100 150 50 300 100

7 Nim

Large 9000 8500 9500 27000 9,000

Medium 6000 5000 7000 18000 6,000

Small 3000 2500 3500 9000 3,000

Plant 100 100 150 350 117

8 Coconut

Large 4000 3500 4500 12000 4,000

Medium 2000 2000 1800 5800 1,933

Small 1000 1000 1000 3000 1,000

Plant 100 120 150 370 123

9 Daoua

Large 5000 4500 5500 15000 5,000

Medium 1500 2500 2000 6000 2,000

Small 1500 1300 1600 4400 1,467

Plant 50 80 100 230 77

10 Babla

Large 9000 9500 8500 27000 9,000

Medium 6000 5500 6500 18000 6,000

Small 2500 2000 3000 7500 2,500

Plant 150 160 140 450 150

11 Kadam

Large 5000 4000 6000 15000 5,000

Medium 3000 2500 3500 9000 3,000

Small 1500 1200 1200 3900 1,300




SL No Item Size

Number of Trees

Total Average Price


Plant 150 180 120 450 150

12 Krisnachura

Large 5000 4500 5500 15000 5,000

Medium 2500 2000 2000 6500 2,167

Small 1300 1500 1100 3900 1,300

Plant 80 70 60 210 70

13 Bot

Large 5500 6000 5000 16500 5,500

Medium 3000 3500 2500 9000 3,000

Small 1500 1700 1300 4500 1,500

Plant 150 200 100 450 150

14 Shishu

Large 8000 7000 9000 24000 8,000

Medium 7000 6000 5000 18000 6,000

Small 2000 1500 2500 6000 2,000

Plant 100 100 100 300 100

15 Batabi Lemon

Large 2500 2000 2500 7000 2,333

Medium 1000 800 1200 3000 1,000

Small 350 400 450 1200 400

Plant 100 100 100 300 100

16 Guava

Large 3500 4500 4000 12000 4,000

Medium 2500 2000 1500 6000 2,000

Small 900 1000 1100 3000 1,000

Plant 200 100 100 400 133

17 Debdaru

Large 10000 10500 9500 30000 10,000

Medium 5000 5500 6000 16500 5,500

Small 2000 2500 1500 6000 2,000

Plant 200 200 200 600 200

18 Akash Moni

Large 6000 5000 4000 15000 5,000

Medium 3000 3500 2500 9000 3,000

Small 1100 900 1000 3000 1,000

Plant 100 80 100 280 93

19 Amra

Large 4000 4500 3500 12000 4,000

Medium 2000 1700 2300 6000 2,000

Small 500 400 600 1500 500

Plant 200 200 200 600 200

Source: All information have been taken from Sample Market Survey

5.4 Entitlement Matrix

Types of loss due to implementation of the Project, eligibility and qualification including




entitlements are summarized in Table 5.4.1.

Detailed Design for Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumti 2nd Bridges Construction and Existing Bridges Rehabilitation Chapter 5 Eligibility


Table 5.4.1 Resettlement Entitlement Matrix

Loss Item 1: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL PHYSICAL STRUCTURES (WITHOUT TITLE TO LAND*)


1) Socially recognized owners (Squatters) of structures built on the ROW as identified by Census

1) Replacement Value (RV)2of structure.

2) Transfer Grant @ BDT 7 per sft3 of affected structure.

3) Utility reconnection assistance @ BDT2,000/household.

4) Special Assistance of a one-time payment as recommended by PAVC for each vulnerable households (VHH) i.e. female-headed, disabled-headed, elderly-headed and hardcore poor household with an amount of BDT 10,000/VHH.


6) Skill Training for vulnerable households is provided by RAP-IA

7) Owner will be allowed to take all salvageable materials free of cost without delaying the Project activities.

1) Applicable to all immovable structures located on ROW at cut-off dates.

2) PAVC will record required information of the structures and recommend the RV of structures.

3) RHD will make necessary arrangement of reconstructing affected structures built by RHD on their own land.

4) Transfer grant would be paid for only primary structure such as residential house (measured in sft).

5) Hardcore poor is defined as the households which income level is lower than BDT 60,000/year4.

NIL


1) Entitled person identified through the census survey by the RAP-IA to be finally determined through joint verification by the PAVC at the implementation stage.

2) RV of structure will be determined by PAVC

3) Compensation must be paid by RHD through RAP-IA as per civil works requirement before EP are displaced and remove the structures.

4) Cut-off date was determined as the date when census survey started in 8th March 2012 for Kanchpur, 15th March in Meghna and Gumti Bridge sites under JICA Feasibility Study (2012). Cut-off date for north side of Chittagong End for Kanchpur Bridge has been set as 20th October 2014 due to inclusion of Kanchpur Intersection Improvement Works at later stage.

*This is applicable for squatters on the RHD land. However, RHD is the owner of the land and possess title to land.

2 As determined based on the result of replacement cost survey conducted and to be recommended by PAVC 3 Based on Padma Bridge Project (2010) financed by WB, ADB, JICA, and IDB because of the proximately of the area and year the survey conducted, the value used for this Project is considered to be applicable in due consideration of recent level. 4 Based on Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning Management Project (2011) financed by ADB



Loss Item 2: LOSS OF STANDING CROPS/FISH STOCK/ TREE WHO HAVE CONTRACT WITH LAND OWNER Entitled Persons

Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services

1) Socially recognized owners, as have contract documents with land owner, of trees and crops grown on public or other land, as identified by RAP-IA and verified by PAVC.


2) In addition, grants for loss of access (right of cultivating) to cultivable land equivalent to the crop harvested in one harvesting season, to be verified by PAVC, RV of fish stock and trees as determined by PAVC.


4) Provisions of lease agreement will supersede above entitlements unless otherwise no conflicts with guidelines stated in this matrix.

1) Applicable for all crops/fish stock/trees standing on land within ROW at the time of dispossession.

2) If the tree is planted on the RHD land by taking lease, compensation for trees will be paid following the clause of the lease agreement signed between the parties.


Nil





Loss Item 3: LOSS OF STANDING CROPS/FISH STOCK/ TREE WITHOUT TITLE TO LAND OR CONTRACT WITH LAND OWNER


1) Actual cultivators, without consent to land owner, as identified in census by RAP-IA and verified by PAVC during implementation of RAP.


2) In addition, grants for loss of access (right of cultivating) to cultivable land equivalent to the crop harvested in one harvesting season, to be verified by PAVC; RV of fish stock and trees as determined by PAVC.


4) EPs will be allowed to take away the salvageable materials without delaying the Project.

1) Applicable for all crops/fish stock/trees standing on land/pond within ROW at the time of dispossession.


Nil





Loss Item 4: LOSS OF INCOME (BUSINESS OWNER, WAGE EARNERS)


Additional Services

1) Small shop owner affected by displacement.

2) Wage earners affected at business enterprises.

1) Grants for business loss with immovable structures with an amount equivalent to three months net income

from the business not exceeding BDT 24, 0005.

2) Grant for moveable business loss (Who have moveable structures with hard top) with an amount equivalent to one month net income not exceeding BDT 8,000.

3) Grant to cover temporary loss of regular wage income

@BDT 2506per day for 90 days for wage earners.

4) Grant to cover temporary loss of wage income from the

moveable business @BDT 2507 per day for 30 days for wage earners.



7) Skill training for vulnerable households is provided by trainer NGO.

1) Vulnerable households who are female-headed, disabled-headed, elderly-headed and hardcore poor will be entitled to receive special allowance for one time only.

1) EPs will be preferentially employed in civil construction work.

2) EPs that lose structure will also be entitled for loss Item 1.

3) Affected eligible person to receive the training by him/her or by young member of the family


1. RAP-IA identifies EPs during census, PAVC verifies the compensation amount, and RHD, through RAP-IA, pays the compensation.

2. Business losses have been assessed during inventory of losses.

5 As were estimated based on the maximum average daily income of BDT 250/day x 3 months and is a little less than BDT 24,000 as is a threshold value between poor and non-poor. 6 BDT 250 is likely the average of payment per day according to the socio-economic survey implemented. 7 Same as above.



8 Average rental fee per month is less than BDT 2,500 per month according to socio-economic survey.

Loss Item 5: LOSS OF RENTAL INCOME FROM RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL HOUSE/ROOM


Additional Services

1) Structure owners (who rented out residential & commercial structures) as identified by census and verified by PAVC

2) Renter (who borrows residential structures) as identified by Census and verified by PAVC

1) Rental assistance for both residential & commercial who rented out structure as per the prevalent rate in the form of grant to cover maximum of 3 months’ rent but not exceeding BDT 75008.

2) Shifting assistance @ BDT 500 per member up to BDT 5,000 per tenant residential household. Shifting assistance for commercial tenants is already covered by the Loss item 4 Entitlement-1/2.

3) If advance rental payment was already made by renter to house/shop owner, and would not reimburse the advanced payment to renter, then payment of allowance to owners will be deducted from his/her resettlement assistance package and paid back to the renter up to the ceiling (3 months’ allowance) of owners entitlements. The renter will be paid first before the owners’ payment is finalized.

4) Right to salvage materials from demolished structure erected by tenant.


6) BDT 12,000.00 as one time grant in addition to other compensation for female headed including disabled/handicapped/widow member family.

7) Skill Training for vulnerable households is provided by trainer NGO.

1) Each renter of affected premises will be entitled for shifting assistance.

NIL


1. RAP-IA identifies EPs at census, PAVC verifies the compensation amount, and RHD, through RAP-IA, pays the compensation

2. Payment shall be done before physical relocation of EPs.



Loss Item 6: UNFORESEEN ADVERSE IMPACTS (IF APPLICABLE) Entitled Persons Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services

Households or persons affected by any unforeseen impact identified during implementation of the revised RAP.

Entitlements will be recommended as necessary by Project Implementation Unit (PIU).

The unforeseen impacts will be identified through special survey by the PAVC as per request from impacted population. The entitlements will be approved by the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges.

As appropriate


The unforeseen impacts and affected persons will be identified with due care as per policy of revised RAP and proposed to the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges for approval including quantity of losses, their owners and the entitlements.




5.5 Livelihood Restoration Employment and income opportunities are largely concentrated in the KMG project. Displaced households will face some difficulty temporarily during the transition period between eviction and resettlement. The displaced persons are largely migrants from rural areas for livelihood purpose and engaged in various activities. Mitigation of loss of assets and livelihood is the one of the focus of the resettlement action plan. Additional measures have taken to provide appropriate support to the livelihood restoration aspects of affected households (AHs) under the Livelihood and Income Restoration Program (LIRP). The IA has developed LIRP in close coordination with Resettlement Expert and RU during detailed design stage that is incorporated in the RRAP. According to the known impacts, AHs losing structure, will be paid compensation for their lost assets and be encouraged for self-relocation. The squatters affected households, losing housing of business structure, business income and other properties will be paid compensation/grants. The RRAP includes the following categories of AHs for income restoration and livelihood support.

i. Vulnerable households having Income level is lower than BDT 60, 0009 per year. ii. Vulnerable households having no adult male members to shoulder house

responsibility (women headed households) without elderly children/physically handicapped headed households, disabled headed and hardcore poor household etc. women heading the household will preferably be the eligible member.

For additional support to usual income restoration assistance as mentioned above, the RAP Implementing Agency has specially undertaken assessment of needs and skill base of affected vulnerable household members of age between 15 to 45 years. The IA will recommend the eligible members of affected vulnerable households with their relevant profile to RHD for holding training on some income generating activities. The eligible members of the affected households will be preferentially employed in the project civil construction. The project authority may keep provision (clause) in the contract document with the civil contractor. The short-term livelihood regeneration assistance under the RRAP policy and long-term income generation program under the livelihood and income restoration program (LIRP) to be organized as follows:

Table 5.5.1 Mitigation Measures for Vulnerable Households

1. Eligible members of vulnerable households having yearly income lower than BDT 60,000

1.1. Short-term:

BDT: 10,000/VHH Compensation for residential and commercial physical structures and other lost assets, transfer grant, income loss, rental income loss.

1.2 Long-term:

Support for capacity identification, human development and skill training (livestock, computer & mobile serving, sewing) under the LIRP.

9Income level up to 60,000/year has been categorized as vulnerable in Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project (2011) financed by ADB.




2. Eligible members from poor female headed households having no adult male members to shoulder household responsibility.

2.1. Short-term: BDT: 12,000/- one time grant in addition to

support as additional subsistence allowance

The eligible members of the affected households will be preferentially employed in the project civil construction.

2.2 Long-term: Support for capacity identification, human

development and skill training (livestock, computer & mobile serving, sewing) under the LIRP.

3.

Table 5.5.2 Desired Training Name for Affected Vulnerable Household Members SL No

Training Name Project Site Male Female Total

1. Livestock and Fish Culture

Kanchpur

03 03

2. Driving 02 02

3. Tailor Sewing/ Knitting 05 05 10

4. Mechanical 06 06

5. Small & Cottage 07 01 08

6. Computer 03 03

7. Computer Meghna 02 02

8. Computer Gumti 01 01

Total: 29 06 35

Above 35 affected household members will be provided eight types of skill development training by the RAP-IA under the LIRP. The LIRP implementation will be started after issuance of ID Cards, has been described in the Implementation Schedule (Chapter 9, Table 9.1.1).

CHAPTER 6

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION


Chapter 6 Community Participation


CHAPTER 6. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

The affected people and other stakeholders such as local Union Parishad Members, community leaders, local elites and affected persons at community level were consulted in the process of revised RAP preparation. Focus group discussions were held with different occupational groups among the total 623 affected people, especially businessmen, residential household members, laborers, women, etc. in three bridge locations. The people actively participated in the discussion and gave opinion about resettlement relocation and environmental issues.

6.1 Project Stakeholders

The primary stakeholders of the Project include the residential structure owners, local business community and as well as other affected households. Other stakeholders include Roads and Highways Department (RHD), Department of Environment (DOE), Department of Fisheries (DOF), Inland Water Transport Authority (IWTA) District and Upazila administration in Narayanganj, Munshiganj and Comilla districts, Union Parishad and other Government & nongovernment agencies working in the corridor of the Project.

There is no land acquisition in this Project and that is why involvement of the Deputy Commissioners is not considered except his participation in PAVC operation. The other stakeholders include the business community such as contractors, subcontractors and suppliers during the construction period. The Local Government representatives will also be benefited in gaining peoples support as a result of local development. The local NGOs working in the area will also find their wider scope for poverty reduction activities.

Table 6.1.1 Identified Project Stakeholders

Governorates and

Districts

Districts and Upazila administration in Narayanganj districts

Districts and Upazila administration in Munshiganj districts

Districts and Upazila administration in Comilla districts

Union Parishad, City Corporation and wards of Dhaka City

Department of

Ministries

Department of Environment (DOE)

Department of Fisheries (DOF)

Inland Water Transport Authority (IWTA)

RHD

Superintending Engineer, Bridge

Social and Environment Circle (SEC)

Executive Engineer, Local division

NGO’s BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee)

DORP (Development Organization of Rural Poor), ASA, CCDB

Dr. S.M.A. Rashid, Chief Executive of CARZINAM, Center for




Academia Advanced Research in Natural Resources Management,

Dr. Iqbal, Head of Environmental Science, the State University (No

specialist was available from IUCN), Renowned Child Specialist Dr.

Talukder

Hafiza Khatun Ph.D., Geography and Environment, Dhaka

University

International

Agencies

Japan International Cooperation Agency

6.2 Stakeholder Consultations

In the initial stage of the Project, meetings with different levels officials such as University Teachers, Department of Environment (DOE) etc. were conducted as consultation. Besides, the potential affected persons along with Local Government representatives (Union Parishad Chairmen and Members), community leaders and other stakeholders were consulted through community level consultation meetings and personal contract. The opinion of the different levels stakeholders regarding the Project have been considered in preparation of RAP (October 2012) during the Feasibility Stage. It is to be noted that the revised RAP 2014 has updated all the data of RAP 2012.

6.3 Focus Group Discussion

Discussions were held with the affected communities and business at Kanchpur, Meghna and at Gumti Bridges. Twenty eight (28) focused group meetings were held in three bridge locations.

6.4 Disclosure and Consultation Issues

The affected people were not aware of the Project and the livelihood of their displacement due to undertaking of the KMG Project. In the FGD meetings, the Project design, land requirements, likely displacements, legal framework for clearing construction sites, and JICA policy on involuntary resettlement, gender and participation were disclosed to the proposed entitled persons and their community. Subsequently, the participants of the FGDs were requested to provide information and extend their opinions on the following issues:

(1) Background of settlement and use of RHD land;

(2) Impacts of the Project including potential displacement and immediate planning for relocation and resettlement;

(3) Availability of vacant public land (RHD and other Government land) suitable for their relocation and resettlement;

(4) Loss and disturbances and their category including assumption on possible cost to be incurred for relocation and resettlement elsewhere;

(5) Employment opportunity in the area and labor migration pattern;




(6) Access to health services including service providers/ duty bearers;

(7) Activities of the women and children and discrimination between genders;

(8) Repression on the proposed affected community by any influential person; and

(9) Strategies for socioeconomic development of the affected community;

The potential affected people, encroachers, socially recognized and renters were also consulted at the household level during administering the structured questionnaire for Socio Economic Survey. In addition to inventory of losses, they were consulted for their household profile, demography, income, occupation, gender role, access to services, water and sanitation, health risks and the like.

6.5 Responses from Consultation

A disclosure was made to facilitate the affected population - in focus group discussions - understand the Project, likely social and resettlement impacts and identify their concerns. Summary of the disclosure and stakeholders’ concern is given in Table 6.5.1.

Table 6.5.1 Summary of Disclosure and Consultation

Issues Project policy and impacts AP concern and responses

Land acquisition

No land will be acquired for implementation of the Project components;

Land owners will not be affected by the Project; and

AP appreciated for non-acquisition of land

Donor policy on Involuntary Resettlement

Involuntary resettlement should be minimized wherever feasible;

Where involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, sufficient measures have to be taken to minimize adverse social effects;

Affected persons should be compensated for their loss of assets at full replacement cost;

Additional measures should be taken for income and livelihood restoration of the vulnerable affected persons; and

Affected persons should be assisted to improve or at least restore their pre-project economic status irrespective of their title, gender and ethnicity.

There can be alternative design for avoiding the settlement on the RHD land;

If cannot be avoided, destitute affected persons including women should be assisted for resettlement;

The affected houses and structures should be compensated at current market rate; and

Resettlement assistances should be easy, prompt hassle free.

Livelihood and income of affected persons and Project benefits

Project will contribute in national, regional and local economy; and

Developed local economy and increased traffic movement will create additional employment in the area.

Poor and female affected persons should be provided employment during construction; and

Additional measures have to be taken for livelihood and income restoration for affected persons.

Social and Increase in migration and population If measures not taken, unsafe




Issues Project policy and impacts AP concern and responses

health risks movement; and

Risks of STIs and trafficking in women and children.

social interaction and human trafficking may intrude.

6.6 Issues for Social Development and Resettlement

Squatters on RHD land are mostly landless people driven severe poverty and inequalities in their own areas. They are forced to live in this land for pulling factors like livelihood opportunities, lesser or no cost of residence, and communication. At the same time they have identified some adverse impacts. A comparative analysis of benefits and adverse social impacts of KMG Project is given in Table 6.6.1.

Table 6.6.1 EP Perception on Resettlement Issues

Resettlement Issues Opinion and Options of Affected Persons

i. Background of

settlement and use of RHD

land;

Availability of livelihood opportunities and sources of income including craftsmanship, scope of business and employment attracts the people living in the bridge site land;

People are settling and renting in RHD land for residential, commercial and community use;

Living in RHD land is traditionally practiced since very long. Many of these people have seen their first moon here while some others can remember that they are living there for even 40 years. New comers are as new as one year also; and

Most of these people do not have their own land elsewhere and have long relationship with RHD for formal and informal employment for their own or forefathers.

ii. Impacts of the Projects

including likely displacement

and immediate planning for

relocation and resettlement;

Most of the settlers do not have any alternative land for relocation on their own;

If they are forced to go, they will but try vacant public or private land for free accommodation of their residence in the nearby town areas or erect temporary shelter at road sides;

No one is willing to go back to their own village (few may have their own village homes) due to lack of employment opportunities there; and

They expect Government assistance for providing alternative shelter and place of business before they are evicted from the present locations.

iii. Availability of vacant

public land (RHD and other

Government land) suitable for

their relocation and

resettlement;

They are not aware enough about the status of RHD lands but it can be anticipated that there is room to accommodate additional households; and

Relocation of businesses needs special attention.

iv. Loss and disturbances

and their category including

assumption on possible cost to

be incurred for relocation and

Dismantling and shifting of construction materials incur heavy devaluation of structure as the scrap value is very low compared to new construction materials;

Relocation will also involve loss of livelihoods, income, and disturbance in usual schooling of the students;




Resettlement Issues Opinion and Options of Affected Persons

resettlement elsewhere; None of the affected households have the capacity to buy

alternative land for living or business. Renting in structures for residence will be impossible for most of the squatters;

Cost of relocation may involve price of structure renovation, intermediate rentals, labor, dismantling and transfer, homestead development, reconstruction, subsistence during transition period, and materials cost; and

Shifting cost is Tk. 5,000 only for tenant.

v. Employment opportunity

in the area and labor migration

pattern;

Daily wage labor, rickshaw pulling, household aids, petty businesses, service are major occupation of the people.

vi. Access to health services

including service providers;

There are special health services for the population from Government or nongovernment side in three bridges area.

vii. Activities of the women

and children and

discrimination between

genders;

Women activities – garments worker, sewing and handicrafts, cooking, petty business;

Children activities–hotel boy, waste picker, business help, transport helper, garage workers, welding, masonry, factory worker, hawking in running transport, etc.;

Men and women work side by side but the women workers get lesser wage compared to the men. Women are not generally the decision makers at the household level and enjoying lesser care in health, food and clothing. But the NGOs are focusing the women through micro credit which in fact is used by the male members of the families; and

Many of the slum men have more than one family due to multiple marriage and the helpless women are tending on their own as no or less financial attention is given from the spouses. Gambling addiction by the husbands pose violence on earning women.

viii. Repression on the likely

affected community by any

influential persons or corners;

In the Project areas people reported no repression or social violence or crimes.

ix. Ways for socioeconomic

development of the affected

community.

Development of water and sanitation facilities;

Employment generation;

Material support for expanding education among the poor;

Long term easy loan support and training on income generation activities;

Ensuing easier access to health services;

Development of permanent market places for business by the vulnerable families; and

Facilitating safe residential arrangement.




FGD session at Kanchpur and Meghna Bridge sites

CHAPTER 7

GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE


Chapter 7 Grievance Procedure


CHAPTER 7. GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE

7.1 Objectives of Grievance Redress Committee

In order to provide an accessible mechanism to EPs to raise their issues and grievances as well as raise concerns about their assistance. Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) will be established in the Project in Union Parishad/Ward. The GRCs are officially recognized “non-judicial” community based body who will seek to resolve non-judicial disputes arising out of various matters related to the implementation of the RAP. The fundamental objectives of GRCs are to resolve any resettlement-related grievances locally in consultation with the aggrieved party to facilitate smooth implementation of the social and environmental action plans. Another important objective is to democratize the development process at the local level and to establish accountability to the affected people.

7.2 Composition of the GRCs

GRCs will be formed at Union/Ward level for any grievances involving resettlement benefits, relocation and other assistance. A gazette notification on the formation and scope of the GRCs will be required from the MORTB. The GRC for each Ward/Union will be comprised as follows;

Executive Engineer (Concerned PM), RHD representative – Convener

Resettlement Specialist (RS) of Design and Construction Supervision Consultant (DCSC) - Member

Area Manager/Field Coordinator, RAP-IA to assist RHD - Member Secretary

Concerned Union Parishad Chairman or Word Councilor – Member

One representative of EPs - Member (Male member in case of Male or Female member in case of female aggrieved person)

At least three (3) members should attend to fulfill the quorum of the GRC meeting. The GRCs will be activated with power to resolve resettlement, compensation and environmental issues not to be addressed under legal suit in the courts. The GRCs will receive grievance cases from the affected persons through the RAP Implementing Agency (RAP-IA). The RAP-IA will assist the EPs in lodging their complaints in a proper format acceptable to the GRCs after they get ID cards from RHD or informed about their entitlements and losses.

7.3 Appeal Procedure and Conflict Resolution

EPs will be able to file their grievances without any fear and intimidation with no cost to EPs. Where required, the RAP-IA will assist the EPs in drafting the Grievances. All Grievances must be submitted in writing to the Convener of GRC. Illiterate EPs can file complaints in verbal form and RAP-IA shall assist the EPs by writing down their complaints into written format. The complainant may be represented by the AP him/herself or appointed agent. The judgment made by GRC will be communicated to the concerned AP in writing.




GRC procedures and operational rules will be publicized widely through focused group meetings and pamphlets in the local language (Bengali) so that EPs are aware of their rights and obligations, and procedure of grievance redress. Illiterate EPs will also be properly informed through community dialogue during census survey. The appeal procedure and conflict resolution is described in Table 7.3.1 and schematically shown in Figure 7.3.1.

a) Aggrieved EPs to produce a written complaint to the convener of GRC within One (1) month upon receiving ID cards or informed about their entitlements, losses and compensations;

b) The GRC will settle the disputes within One (1) month of receiving the complaints from the EPs and resolution of the hearing recorded, the verdict communicated to concerned EPs as well as all the related documents maintained;

c) All the GRC works will be executed in the office of the convener;

d) The GRC must mention the background and basis of all decisions made; and

e) The Committee will arrange to circulate and publicize the grievance redress procedures and operational rules; as well as the entitlements of the EPs through focussed group meetings and pamphlets (in Bengali).




Table 7.3.1 Steps for Redressing Grievances

Step 1 The RAP Implementing Agency (RAP-IA) informs EPs about their losses

and entitlements

If satisfied, the EP claims resettlement payments to the EA

If confused, propose Step 2

Step 2 The EP approaches the RAP-IA field level officials for clarification. The

RAP-IA will clarify the EPs about their losses & entitlements as per RAP

policy.

if resolved, the EP claims resettlement payments to the EA.

If not resolved, proceed to Step 3

Step 3 The EP approaches to the GRC. RAP-IA staff assists the EPs producing

the complaints and organize hearing within one (1) month of receiving the

complaints. Both written complaints in local dialect and verbal complaints

are acceptable. RAP-IA shall assist the APs to prepare written form for

succeeding procedures at no cost to EPs. Then proceed to Step 4

Step 4 GRC to scrutinize applications, as per their mandate as scope of work.

Then proceed to Step 5

Step 5 GRC session held in presence of the aggrieved EPs, minutes recorded.

If resolved, the Project Director approves the decision of the GRC after

recommendation of APD

If not resolved, proceed to Step 6

Step 6 The EP may accept GRC decision, if not, he/she may file a case to the court of law for settlement.

Then proceed to Step 7

Step 7 The GRC minutes, approved by the Project Director, received at

Conveners’ office back. The approved verdict is communicated to the

complainant EP in writing. The AP then claims resettlement payments to

EA




Figure 7.3.1 Steps for Redressing Grievances

Aggrieved Person/ EP GRC Members

Executive Engineer, RHD

RE (DCSC)

UP Chairman / Ward Councilor

Area Manager, RAP-IA

EP Representative

Ll EeE E

Application submitted to GRC through RAP-IA

Securitization of complaints by GRC

Not under Arbitration or Law and be settled as per RAP policy

GRC resolve the claim within 1 (One) month

PD for approval

APDs Recommendation for compensation

PM /DPM / RAP-IA for Payment

Claim Rejected

Civil Court Seeking Legal

Settlement

Decision Accepted




7.4 ToR for GRC

The scope of works and the Terms of Reference (TOR) for GRC are outlined as:

1. Receive grievance cases from the affected persons and arrange hearing session related to resettlement, compensation and other provided assistance (special allowance);

2. Advise the Aggrieved Person (AP) to lodge the case to the concerned authority if the

complaint of EP is a legal issue that is to be settled in the court of laws as per legal procedures. If the grievance is not a legal issue to be settled in the court of law, GRC will settle the matter within the purview of RAP policy framework and prepare the verdict;

3. Prepare resolution and verdict on the submitted grievances of the displaced and

affected persons following the mentioned procedures;

4. Sent resolution to Project Director of the Roads and Highways Department for approval; and after approval RAP-IA will adopt it in the process of resettlement for determination of loss and entitlements and payment thereof.

A minimum three (3) members shall form the quorum for the meeting of the GRC. GRC meeting will be held in the office of the convener or other location(s) as agreed by the Committee. If needed, GRC members may undertake field visits to verify and review the issues at dispute, including titles/shares, reason for any delay in payments or other relevant matters.

GRC members will be entitled to draw sitting allowance at the rate of BDT 1,000.00 per sitting.

All GRC documents will be maintained by RAP-IA for review and verification by DCSC and JICA.

The RHD / RAP-IA Field Officer(s) will act as the Secretariat to the GRC. GRC members will attend a training and orientation meeting prior to commencement of their work. The training will be conducted by Resettlement Specialist of the DCSC.

CHAPTER 8

ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES


Chapter 8 Organization and Responsibilities


CHAPTER 8. ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES

8.1 Institutional Arrangement for RAP Implementation

Roads & Highways Department has already established Project Implementation Unit (PIU) headed by a Project Director (PD) at the Project office that will be responsible for the overall execution of the Project. The PD will work on deputation from RHD at the level of Additional Chief Engineer who will oversee total Project activities. There will be three Additional Project Directors (one for each bridge) of Superintending Engineer (SE) status. Under each of the Additional Project Director, one Project Manager (PM) will be in place at the level of Executive Engineer (EE) and two Deputy Project Managers (DPM) at the level of Sub Divisional Engineer (SDE) will be deployed under each Project Manager. One of the DPM will be in charge of implementation of RAP.

The Consultant recruited an experienced NGO/Consulting firm in consultation with RHD which is called herein as RAP Implementing Agency (RAP-IA) as required for implementation of resettlement activities. The Deputy Project Manager in charge of resettlement is undertaking day to day activities with the appointed RAP-IA and Resettlement Specialist of the Consultant. Therefore, the DPM will be directly involved in RAP implementation and will sign all necessary documents / papers (ID card, payment debit voucher, etc.) related to compensation payment. The PM will play role as convener of the PAVC as well as GRC.

The appointed RAP-IA has already established field office to carry out information campaign and involve affected persons including women in the implementation process from the very beginning. The RAP-IA collected field data and processed data for identification of eligible persons correctly for resettlement benefits and assess their entitlements as per RAP policy. However, RHD will be involved in compensation payment process after necessary scrutiny. The DPM will report to the Additional Project Director and the Project Manager on monthly basis by progress report of the RAP-IA and undertake field visit for confirmation. He/she will work in close coordination with the respective field–based officers and RAP-IA on the day-to-day activities of the resettlement implementation.

The DPM through the RHD officials and the RAP-IA will execute and monitor the progress of the RAP implementation work. The DPM will ensure coordination between the relevant departments, RAP-IA, GRC, Property Assessment and Valuation Committee (PAVC) and the Project Entitled Persons (PEPs). Apart from the GRC, PAVC has been formed by the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges for assessing and valuation of affected property. The composition and formation of committees and mechanisms for quantification and valuation of properties and grievance resolution is constituted through Government Gazette.




CE: Chief Engineer

ACE: Additional Chief Engineer

SE: Superintending Engineer

EE: Executive Engineer

SDE: Sub Divisional Engineer

AE: Assistant Engineer

SAE: Sub Assistant Engineer

AO: Accounts Officer

DA: Divisional Accountant

Figure 8.1.1 RAP Implementation Organogram

Chief Engineer (CE)

Project Director (ACE)

EE AO

Additional Project Director (SE)



Project Manager (PM)

Dy Project Manager (DPM)

AE

2SAEs DA



AE

2SAEs DA



AE

2SAEs DA

RHD SEC

Committees

EMA

Consulting Services

(Resettlement Specialist)

RAP-IA

Team Leader

LeaderLeader

Dy Team Leader

Field Coordinator/AM

Affected Communities / Project Affected Person / Women’s Group/Entitled Person / Elected Representatives

GRC PAVCCCCCC

: in charge of Resettlement & EMP (One (1) SAE/DPM)




8.2 Functional Description

8.2.1 Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges

The Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges has already formed Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) and Property Assessment and Valuation Committee (PAVC) for implementation of the revised RAP at the field level. These committees consist of representatives from LGED/PED, RHD, RAP-IA, and Local Government Institution (LGI). The GRC includes APs’ representative as well. The powers and jurisdictions of the Committees have clearly defined their activities by a notification. The Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges will approve the entitlements and resettlement budget along with the revised Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and also release fund for the Project especially for compensation and resettlement benefits of the affected persons. RHD will undertake steps as per guidelines of the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges and advise of the Government so as to secure required funds both from external sources for the implementation of the Project. The Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges will overall monitor the progress of the RAP implementation and guide the Executing Agency (RHD) in proper way within stipulated time.

8.2.2 Additional Project Director (APD)

The Additional Project Director (APD) will perform the following activities related to the resettlement:

(1) Oversight implementation of the resettlement program according to and in agreements with the Development Partners (such as JICA);

(2) Formulate necessary policy, administrative and financial decisions and actions necessary for the successful implementation of the program in consultation of the program in consultation with GOB;

(3) Timely release of funds necessary to implement resettlement program according to the approved implementation schedule;

(4) Delegate responsibility and powers to the other resettlement officers as required for smooth implementation of the revised RAP;

(5) Prepare Terms of Reference for External Monitoring, select and appoint an appropriate agency to execute these survey(s);

(6) Propose RHD any remedial action based on the Post-Resettlement Survey;

(7) Pay additional grant for house/business establishment construction grant, and dismantling and removal assistances in cash or kind stipulated under the resettlement policy to all the eligible PAPs; and

(8) Negotiate with Contractors for arranging employment for PAPs in Project construction works.

8.2.3 Deputy Project Manager (DPM)

The DPM through the field officials and staffs and RAP-IA will execute and monitor the progress of the revised RAP implementation work. The DPM will ensure coordination




between the relevant departments, RAP-IA, the GRC, Property Assessment and Valuation Committee (PAVC) and the Project EPs. The DPM will report to the Additional Project Director and to the Project Manager and will work in close coordination with the respective field-based officers and the RAP-IA on the day to day activities of the resettlement implementation.

8.2.4 RAP Implementing Agency (RAP-IA)

The Consultant has already recruited an experienced NGO/Consulting firm as RAP-IA in consultation with RHD for implementation of resettlement activities. RAP-IA is engaged to assist RHD in updating the RAP during detailed design phase and will be continuing for implementation of the RAP. Tasks of the RAP-IA include consultation / public information campaign for rapport building, issuance of ID cards to Entitled Persons (EPs), payment of eligible benefits to affected households / individuals, institutional development, skill training/management training, community awareness and empowerment, etc. The RAP-IA is headed by a Team Leader, with Deputy Team Leader, MIS Specialist and Field Coordinator.

The appointed RAP-IA has opened field offices, is carrying out information campaign and will involve Affected Persons (APs) including women in the implementation process from the very beginning.

The RAP-IA will prepare ID number for each Entitled Person as identified during Joint Verification Survey by PAVC for non-titled holder. The ID card will be issued with joint signature of the DPM and Field Coordinator / Area Manager of the RAP-IA. Photograph of the EPs will be attested by the concerned Union Parishad (UP) Chairman / Member and pasted on the ID card. The ID card will comprise information on name, father’s / husband’s name, mother’s name, age, education, identifiable marks, detail address, details of quantity of losses etc.

RAP-IA has established a Management Information System (MIS) section in their main office for record keeping of the APs, creating individual ID number of the entitled persons, preparing EPs file based on quantity of losses and Entitlement Card (EC) based on loss type and budget. RAP-IA has collected and processed data for identification of eligible persons correctly for resettlement benefits and assessed their entitlements as per revised RAP policy. However, the DPM will jointly verify the payments with RAP-IA after necessary scrutiny.

The RAP-IA will assist the EPs in preparing necessary papers for receiving compensation from RHD. They will form focus group with the APs based on homogeneity and / or nearness and hold meeting on regular basis to let them know their right and entitlements as prescribed in the revised RAP, updating of record of rights (ROR), opening of bank account, and process of receiving payments/grants from RHD through RAP-IA etc.

8.2.5 Grievance Redress Committee (GRC)

GRC is to resolve any Resettlement-related grievances locally in consultation with the aggrieved party to facilitate smooth implementation of the social and environmental action plans.

8.2.6 Property Assessment and Valuation Committee (PAVC)

A Property Assessment and Valuation Committee (PAVC) have been formed by the




Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges through a Gazette notification for the Project (Appendix-1). The PAVC will review the quantum of losses written against each of the affected households and also verify the Replacement value of the affected properties so far determined during preparation of the RAP. The scope and responsibility of the PAVC has been defined in the Gazette. The RAP-IA will process the entitlements of the Project- affected persons using the PAVC data as one of the determinants.

The PAVC is comprised of:

Executive Engineer, RHD-Convener

Representative from respective DC office - Member

Sub Divisional Engineer (Social & Environment Circle), RHD-Member

Representatives from Public Works Department (PWD) –Member

Representative from Department of Forest from respective district

Field Coordinator/Area Manager, RAP-IA -Member secretary

8.2.7 Design and Construction Supervision Consultant

There is a provision for Resettlement Specialist as part of the Consultant in charge of design and supervising the implementation of the Project. The Resettlement Specialist is fully involved in RAP implementation. The DCSC has already procured experienced NGO/Consulting firm in consultation with RHD, as RAP Implementing Agency (RAP-IA) for day to day resettlement activities. The Resettlement Specialist provides technical support to RHD, supervises and reviews the field activities of the RAP-IA in collaboration with RHD. The Resettlement Specialist has prepared revised RAP based on field data by RAP-IA and shall also assist the GRC for facilitating the committee members in taking genuine decision.

8.2.8 External Monitoring Agency (EMA)

External monitoring by an independent party has been engaged to monitor the resettlement activities and their implementation properly. The EMA will evaluate if the resettlement activities are being implemented as scheduled in terms of quality, quantity and time frame whether the final target (improvement of livelihood/life level) has been achieved or not.

Table 8.2.1 Institutional Responsibilities in Resettlement Process

A. Related Activities and Responsibilities Responsibility

Preparation of revised RAP

Recruitment of RAP Implementing Agency(RAP-IA) RHD

Updating of RAP (including census survey based on detailed

design; identifying final PAPs) RU(RHD) and RAP-IA

Confirmation of self-relocation site of the identified final PAPs RU(RHD) and RAP-IA




A. Related Activities and Responsibilities Responsibility

Design and reproduction of RAP Information Brochures RU (RHD) / RAP-IA

Disclosure and public consultations RU (RHD) / RAP-IA

Carry out joint verification survey and verify the RAP data PAVC

Market survey of structure, crops and trees and verify the

RAP data PAVC

Establishment of unit prices PAVC / RHD

Determination of entitlements and consultations with

individual APs RHD / RAP-IA

Consultation with EA, APs and stakeholders RHD / RAP-IA

Approval of revised RAP MORTB / RHD

B. RAP Implementation

Mobilization of GRC RHD / RAP-IA

Establishment of internal monitoring MORTB / RHD

Budget approval for compensation and resettlement MORTB / RHD

Release of funds for compensation MORTB / RHD

Filing and resolution of complaints APs, RHD /GRCs / RAP-IA

Consultation with APs on schedule of clearing the lands RHD / RAP-IA

Clearing of lands APs

Concurrence to the award of civil works contract Development Partners (JICA)

C. Monitoring and Evaluation

Internal monitoring (during implementation) RHD / RAP-IA

External Monitoring (during and post implementation) RHD / EMA

CHAPTER 9

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE


Chapter 9 Implementation Schedule


CHAPTER 9. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

9.1 Implementation Schedule

Implementation of the revised RAP will begin prior to the commencement of civil works. A total of 15 months period from April is proposed for implementation of the revised RAP from the date of deployment and orientation of RAP-IA. In other words, from the date of opening field office by the RAP-IA, it will get 15 months for completion of revised RAP implementation. EPs/DPs will be self-relocated after necessary compensation and assistance will be provided. The following steps will be followed for the revised RAP implementation;

(1) Identification of the households and other entities through socioeconomic survey;

(2) Inventory of affected property by RAP-IA;

(3) Establishment of cut- off dates;

(4) Updating of RAP by RHD with assistance of RAP-IA;

(5) Formation of PAVC and GRC;

(6) Taking Photograph of EPs for preparation of ID cards;

(7) Distribution of ID cards;

(8) Communication to EPs on commencement of engineering works;

(9) Establishment of process for compensating PEPs;

(10) Communication to EPs of deadlines and modalities for receiving compensation;

(11) Determination of individual entitlement;

(12) Disbursement of compensation/ entitlements to EPs through A/C payee Cheque;

(13) Hearing of grievances;

(14) Closure of compensation cases; and

(15) Conduct Training on Income Generating Activities.


Chapter 9 Implementation Schedule


RAP-IA has been appointed, and personnel to be involved in revised RAP implementation have also been oriented. Moreover, RAP-IA is allowed 15 months for completion of implementation. Activity wise time period proposed for the RAP-IA is in Table 9.1.1.

Table 9.1.1 Resettlement Implementation Matrix

The Implementation Schedule given above is tentative and will need adjustment depending on overall field situation and with approval from EA.

SL. No.

Resettlement implementation activities

Period in months (From April)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 Census, SES for revised RAP preparation and finalization as per final detailed design.

2 Formation of committees: PAVC and GRC

3 Functioning of PAVC

4 Functioning of GRC

5 Determination of individual entitlement and preparation of identity cards

6 Preparation of final resettlement budget by RAP-IA submission to EA and its approval

7 Preparation of EP list and approval by RHD

8 Finalization and issuance of ID cards

9 Implementation of LIRP

10 Payment of compensation by RAP-IA

11 Monitoring of revised RAP implementation

CHAPTER 10

INDICATIVE COST AND BUDGET


Chapter 10 Indicative Cost and Budget


CHAPTER 10. INDICATIVE COST AND BUDGET

10.1 Resettlement Budget

Indicative estimated cost of compensation and other assistance for three bridges is given in Table 10.1.1. Compensation and other assistance as per RAP policy will be paid by RHD through RAP-IA. If additional costs emerge during the implementation phase of the RAP, RHD will make arrangements to allocate the appropriate fund as required. Furthermore, RHD will make necessary arrangement of reconstructing the affected structures built by RHD on their own land. The estimated budget kept provision for 10% contingency of the total budget provision to meet unforeseen issues including GRC recommended cases. The total indicative estimated cost for implementation of the revised RAP is 58,089,519 equivalent to USD 744,737 (1 USD=78 BDT as of December 2014) which includes replacement cost for trees, structure, transfer grant, transition allowance for housing and business enterprises, wage income, livelihood and income restoration etc. for affected residents and RHD structures. The total estimated summary budget for resettlement and implementation is given in Table 10.1.1. Table 10.1.1 Summary of Indicative Resettlement Budget for KMG Bridges (Dec. 2014)

**This is an indicative Revised Resettlement Budget based on current market price survey. However,

the Budget will be finalized by PAVC after Property Valuation Survey.

Category of Items Kanchpur

(BDT) Meghna (BDT)

Gumti (BDT)

Total (BDT)

A 1 Compensation for Squatter Structure

12,608,459 713,515 1,107,720 14,429,694

A 2 Compensation for RHD Structure

32,370,623 0 0 32,370,623

B Compensation for Trees 170,554 799,000 2,038,735 3,008,289

C Other Resettlement Benefits for Squatters

3,959,966 307,529 530,338 4,797,832

D

Training on IGA for eligible members of affected households and wage laborers

490,000 30,000 130,000 650,000

E

Honorarium / Allowance for PAVC and GRC members and other related cost during the functioning of the committees

265,000 115,000 115,000 495,000

F Contingency @ 10% of the Total A-E

1,749,398 196,504 392,179 2,338,081

Total in BDT** 51,613,999 2,161,548 4,313,972 58,089,519

Total in USD

(1 USD= BDT 78 as of Dec. 2014) 661,718 27,712 55,307 744,737

CHAPTER 11

MONITORING AND EVALUATION


Chapter 11 Monitoring and Evaluation


CHAPTER 11. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

It is proposed to implement (1) internal monitoring by RHD and (2) external monitoring by an independent party such as local / international consultants, NGO or university hired by RHD.

The RAP implementation will be supervised by the Project Director (PD). On his behalf the day to day activities regarding the RAP implementation by RAP-IA will be supervised by the RU with assistance of Consultant. RU with assistance of Consultant will prepare and submit reports on monthly basis as a part of the progress report of whole Project.

The objectives of monitoring and evaluation are to:

Collect, analyze, report and use information about of resettlement;

Ensure that inputs are being provided, procedures are being followed and outputs are monitored and verified;

Ensure timely management action if there appears to be any failure in system due to management lapse;

Ensure necessary corrective measures at policy level, if it is seen that there is a failure in system due to flaw in the design i.e. wrong theory, hypothesis or assumption, to ensure necessary corrective action at policy level;

Build a benchmark database for the purpose of evaluation; both during course and exposit facto.

11.1 Internal Monitoring

Internal monitoring will be undertaken by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) through Resettlement Unit (RU) with the assistance from Resettlement Specialist and RAP Implementing Agency (RAP-IA).

Indicators of the internal monitoring include but not limited to the followings;

Process Indicators:

Setting up RU and placement of staff;

Deployment of RAP-IA;

Census, IOL, baseline socioeconomic survey;

Placement of funds for land acquisition and resettlement;

Expenditure of RAP-IA;

Deployment of independent monitoring agency;

Procedure of identification of eligible affected persons;

Procedure of determining loss entitlements;

Development of livelihood and income restoration program;

Preparation of disclosure instruments;




Disclosure of GRC,PAVC;

Grievance redress procedures in-place and functioning;

Level of public awareness on RAP policy and provisions;

Cost of compensation collection by Aps; and

Monitoring reports submitted.

Output Indicators

Number of households compensated and assisted;

Number of businesses enterprises compensated and assisted;

Amount of compensation disbursed;

Amount of resettlement benefits disbursed;

Number of eligible persons identified for training; and

Number of vulnerable households benefitted by special allowances.

Internal monitoring report on revised RAP implementation will be included in the monthly Project Progress Report (PPR). The report of RU will contain;

(i) Accomplishment to-date;

(ii) Objectives attained and not attained during the period;

(iii) Challenges encountered; and

(iv) Targets for the next quarter.

The internal monitoring report will then be integrated by the PIU with overall PPR submitted to JICA and /or other agencies associated with implementation. The Consultant will assist PIU in preparing the overall PPR for JICA.

11.2 External Monitoring

External monitoring will be carried out periodically by an independent party such as local /international consultants, NGO or university for review and assessment of resettlement implementation, verification of the results of internal monitoring in the field and recommending adjustment in delivery mechanisms and procedures, as necessary. The external monitoring will be carried out on a quarterly basis. Further, mid-term and final evaluations will also be undertaken to assess the achievement of the RAP objective against the performance impact indictors1.

1 Agencies involved in preparation of RAP are not eligible to be External Monitoring Agent except agencies responsible for Socio Economic Survey.




Table 11.2.1 External Monitoring Proposed Activities to be monitored

Basis for Indicators / Cheek List Possible Input and Output Indicators

Basic information on AP households

Location

Composition and structure

Ages

Educational and skill levels

Gender of households head

Access to health, education, utilities and other social services

Housing type

Housing facilities and other resource owning and using patterns

Occupations and employment patterns

Income sources and levels

Participation in neighborhood or community groups

Value of all assets forming entitlements and resettlement entitlements

Compensation Payments and entitlements

Was compensation as described in the RP paid on time?

Were other entitlements distributed on time, relocation grants, loss of income support?

Were there additional costs AP’s had to bear?

Were adequate funds available to meet the costs of resettlement?

Output Indicators

The difference /delay of resettlement activities compared to the original time frame.

The difference of cost of resettlement activities per PAHs compared to the original budget.

Restoration of living standards

Have EPs adopted the housing options developed?

Have community networks been restored?

Have EPs achieved replacement of key social and cultural elements?

Were compensation payments sufficient to replace lost assets?

Was sufficient replacement land available of suitable standard?

Did transfer and relocation payments cover these costs?

Did income substitution allow for re-establishment of enterprises and production?

Have vulnerable groups been provided with proper assistances?

Are these effective and sustainable?

Restoration of Livelihood

Were income restoration activities appropriate to restore or improve living standards?

Were vulnerable groups adequately assisted to improve living standards?

Are the livelihood schemes as described in the RAP being implemented satisfactorily?

Input Indicators:

Number and type of income and livelihood restoration trainings and other activities being implemented.

Outcome Indicators: Number of PAHs who answer that their income have increased after livelihood restoration trainings.




Activities to be monitored

Basis for Indicators / Cheek List Possible Input and Output Indicators

Levels of AP Satisfaction

How much do EPs know about resettlement procedures and entitlements?

Do EPs know their entitlements? Do they know if these have been met?

How do EPs assess the extent to which their own living standards and livelihoods have been restated?

How much do know about grievance procedures and conflict resolution procedures?

How many EPs /households were impoverished as a consequence of resettlement?

Outcome Indicators:

Number of the grievance redress procedures filed.

Number of the conflicts resolved, compared to the number of the grievance redress procedures filed.

Monitoring of revised RAP implementation will be based on desk review and field visits, meetings with various ministries and local officials, and households. Separate meetings will be held with women and vulnerable households.

Between 9th months of the design stage till the end of the Project, the EMA will conduct an evaluation study to determine whether or the objectives of resettlement have been achieved. The methodology for the evaluation study will be based mainly on a comparison of the socioeconomic status of severely affected households prior to and following displacement. If the findings of the study would indicate that the objectives of the RAP have not been achieved. EMA will propose appropriate additional measures to meet the RAP objectives.

RESETTLEMENT MAP - KANCHPUR BRIDGE (DHAKA END) SCALE 1:2000

RESETTLEMENT MAP - KANCHPUR BRIDGE (CHITTAGONG END) SCALE 1:2500

RESETTLEMENT MAP - MEGHNA BRIDGE (DHAKA END) SCALE 1:4000

RESETTLEMENT MAP - MEGHNA BRIDGE (CHITTAGONG END) SCALE 1:250

RESETTLEMENT MAP - GUMTI BRIDGE (DHAKA END) SCALE 1:4000

RESETTLEMENT MAP - GUMTI BRIDGE (CHITTAGONG END) SCALE 1:2000

Annex-1

Detailed Design for Kanchpur, Meghna and Gumiti 2nd Bridges Construction and Existing Bridges Rehabilitation

Annex-1

OC/JBSI/KEI/NE/SMEC JV with BCL/DevCon/ACE Page 1

Figure 1: Kanchpur Bridge General View of 2nd Bridge


Annex-1


Figure 2: Kanchpur Bridge General View of Substructure


Annex-1


Figure 3: Kanchpur Bridge General View of Existing Bridge


Annex-1


Figure 4: Meghna Bridge General View of 2nd Bridge


Annex-1


Figure 5: Meghna Bridge General View of 2nd Bridge


Annex-1


Figure 6: Meghna Bridge General View of Substructure


Annex-1


Figure 7: Meghna Bridge General View of Existing Bridge


Annex-1


Figure 8: Meghna Bridge General View of Existing Bridge


Annex-1


Figure 9: Gumti Bridge General View of 2nd Bridge


Annex-1




Annex-1


Figure 12: Gumti Bridge General View of Substructure


Annex-1


Figure 13: Gumti Bridge General View of Existing Bridge


Annex-1



december 2014 - rhd.gov.bdsurvey and the group discussions, personal contact and community based...

Documents