Kompetisi Keamanan Jaringan Model Death Match Institut Teknologi Del 2014

Team Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lynis

• wget http://cisofy.com/files/lynis-1.5.9.tar.gz• tar xzvf lynis-1.5.9.tar.gz• chown -R root.root lynis-1.5.9• cd /lynis-1.5.9• sudo ./lynis -c

OR• sudo ./lynis –c -q• sudo nano /var/log/lynis.log

nmap

• wget http://nmap.org/dist/nmap-6.46.tgz

• sudo apt-get install nmap• sudo nmap -v -sT localhost• sudo nmap -v -sS localhost

Secure shared memory

• sudo nano /etc/fstabtmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,noexec,nosuid 0 0

• sudo reboot

SSH hardening

• sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_configPort 22Protocol 2PermitRootLogin noDebianBanner no

• sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

Protect su by limiting access only to admin group

• sudo groupadd admin• sudo usermod -a -G admin <YOUR ADMIN

USERNAME>• sudo dpkg-statoverride --update --add root

admin 4750 /bin/su

Harden network with sysctl settings

• sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# IP Spoofing protectionnet.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

# Ignore ICMP broadcast requestsnet.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

# Disable source packet routingnet.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

Cont.# Ignore send redirectsnet.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0

# Block SYN attacksnet.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 5

# Log Martiansnet.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

Cont.# Ignore ICMP redirectsnet.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

# Ignore Directed pingsnet.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1

• sudo sysctl -p

Prevent IP Spoofing

• sudo nano /etc/host.conforder bind,hostsnospoof on

Harden PHP for security

• sudo nano /etc/php5/apache2/php.inidisable_functions = exec,system,shell_exec,passthruregister_globals = Offexpose_php = Offdisplay_errors = Offtrack_errors = Offhtml_errors = Off magic_quotes_gpc = Off

• sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Restrict Apache Information Leakage

• sudo nano /etc/apache2/conf.d/securityServerTokens Prod ServerSignature Off TraceEnable Off Header unset ETag FileETag None

• sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Restrict Access With /etc/passwd

• nano /etc/passwd• sudo usermod -s /usr/sbin/nologin username

OR• sudo usermod –L username• sudo usermod –U username

Monitor System Logins

• sudo less /var/log/auth.log• last• lastlog

How To Read the "/etc/passwd" File

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

1. root: Account username.2. x: Placeholder for password information. The password is obtained from the "/etc/shadow"

file.3. 0: User ID. Each user has a unique ID that identifies them on the system. The root user is

always referenced by user ID 0.4. 0: Group ID. Each group has a unique group ID. Each user has a "primary" group that is used

as the group by default. Again, the root group's ID is always 0.5. root: Comment field. This field can be used to describe the user or user's function. This can

be anything from contact information for the user, to descriptions of the service the account was made for.

6. /root: Home directory. For regular users, this would usually be "/home/username". For root, this is "/root".

7. /bin/bash: User shell. This field contains the shell that will be spawned or the command that will be run when the user logs in.

How To Read the "/etc/shadow" File

daemon:*:15455:0:99999:7:::

1. daemon: Account username.2. *: Salt and hashed password. You can see what this looks like with the root entry

above. As noted above, the asterisk signifies that this account cannot be used to log in.3. 15455: Last password change. This value is measured in days from the Unix "epoch",

which is January 1, 1970.4. 0: Days until password change permitted. 0 in this field means there are no restrictions.5. 99999: Days until password change required. 99999 means that there is no limit to

how long the current password is valid.6. 7: Days of warning prior to expiration. If there is a password change requirement, this

will warn the user to change their password this many days in advance.7. [blank]The last three fields are used to denote days before the account is made

inactive, days since the Epoch when the account expires. The last field is unused.

vsftp

• sudo apt-get install vsftpd• sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.confanonymous_enable=NOlocal_enable=YESchroot_local_user=YES

• mkdir /home/username/files• chown root:root /home/username• sudo service vsftpd restart

fail2ban

• sudo apt-get install fail2ban• sudo vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf[ssh enabled = true port = ssh filter = sshd logpath = /var/log/auth.log maxretry = 3

• sudo /etc/init.d/fail2ban restart• sudo fail2ban-client status

ModSecurity

• sudo apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev libxml2-utils

• sudo apt-get install libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dev• sudo apt-get install libapache-mod-security• sudo mv /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf-

recommended /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf

Cont.

• sudo nano /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.confSecRuleEngine OnSecRequestBodyLimit 16384000 SecRequestBodyInMemoryLimit 16384000

ModSecurity-OWASP• cd /tmp• sudo wget -O SpiderLabs-owasp-modsecurity-crs.tar.gz

https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs/tarball/v2.2.5

• sudo tar -zxvf SpiderLabs-owasp-modsecurity-crs.tar.gz• sudo cp -R SpiderLabs-owasp-modsecurity-crs-*/*

/etc/modsecurity/• sudo rm SpiderLabs-owasp-modsecurity-crs.tar.gz• sudo rm -R SpiderLabs-owasp-modsecurity-crs-*• sudo mv

/etc/modsecurity/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf

Cont.• cd /etc/modsecurity/base_rules for f in * ; do sudo ln -s /etc/modsecurity/base_rules/$f /etc/modsecurity/activated_rules/$f ; done

• cd /etc/modsecurity/optional_rules for f in * ; do sudo ln -s /etc/modsecurity/optional_rules/$f /etc/modsecurity/activated_rules/$f ; done

• sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-available/mod-security.confInclude "/etc/modsecurity/activated_rules/*.conf“

• sudo a2enmod headers• sudo a2enmod mod-security• sudo /etc/init.d apache2 restart

ModEvasive• sudo mkdir /var/log/mod_evasive• sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/log/mod_evasive/• sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-available/mod-evasive.conf<ifmodule mod_evasive20.c>DOSHashTableSize 3097 DOSPageCount 2 DOSSiteCount 50 DOSPageInterval 1 DOSSiteInterval 1 DOSBlockingPeriod 10 DOSLogDir /var/log/mod_evasive DOSEmailNotify root@localhost DOSWhitelist 127.0.0.1</ifmodule>

• sudo a2enmod mod-evasive• sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

psad

• sudo apt-get install psad

RKHunter and CHKRootKit

• sudo apt-get install rkhunter chkrootkit• sudo chkrootkit• sudo rkhunter --update • sudo rkhunter --propupd • sudo rkhunter --check

LogWatch

• sudo apt-get install logwatch libdate-manip-perl

• sudo logwatch | less

apparmor

• sudo apt-get install apparmor apparmor-profiles

• sudo apparmor_status

tiger

• sudo apt-get install tiger• sudo tiger• sudo less /var/log/tiger/security.report.*