“Don’t let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big

inequities. It will be one of the great experiences of your

lives.”- Bill Gates

Dealing with Poverty(as if your job wasn’t already

difficult enough!)

Fairfield County Agency Expo; OU LancasterOctober 29, 2014

Agenda

Brief Intro to CRP

Poverty Indicators FPL, Self-Sufficiency

Numbers for Fairfield County

Implications?

Questions?

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Poverty Indicators

2014 Federal Poverty Guidelines

Household Size

100%

133%

150%

200%

250%

300%

400%

1 $11,670

$15,521

$17,505

$23,340

$29,175

$35,010

$46,680

2 15,730 20,921 23,595 31,460 39,325 47,190 62,920

3 19,790 26,321 29,685 39,580 49,475 59,370 79,160

4 23,850 31,721 35,775 47,700 59,625 71,550 95,400

5 27,910 37,120 41,865 55,820 69,775 83,730 111,640

6 31,970 42,520 47,955 63,940 79,925 95,910 127,880

7 36,030 47,920 54,045 72,060 90,075 108,090

144,120

8 40,090 53,320 60,135 80,180 100,225

120,270

160,360

Poverty Thresholds for 2013 by Size of Family and Number of Related Children Under 18 Years

Size of family unitWeighted

avgthresholds

Related children under 18 years

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8+

1 person (unrelated individual) 11,888                 

Under 65 years..... 12,119 12,119                

65 years and over..... 11,173 11,173                

2 people...... 15,142                  

Householder < 65 years...

15,679 15,600 16,057              

Householder 65 years + 14,095 14,081 15,996              

3 people............ 18,552 18,222 18,751 18,769            

4 people............ 23,834 24,028 24,421 23,624 23,707          

5 people............ 28,265 28,977 29,398 28,498 27,801 27,376        

6 people............ 31,925 33,329 33,461 32,771 32,110 31,128 30,545      

7 people............ 36,384 38,349 38,588 37,763 37,187 36,115 34,865 33,493    

8 people............ 40,484 42,890 43,269 42,490 41,807 40,839 39,610 38,331 38,006  

9 people +....... 48,065

51,594 51,844 51,154 50,575 49,625 48,317 47,134 46,842 45,037

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.                    

Another way to look at poverty: The Self-Sufficiency Standard

Fairfield County

A Look at Fairfield County

Ohio Fairfield Population and population change

1 Total population, 2013 11,570,808 148,8671 Percentage minority population, 2013 19.5% 11.9%1 Population change, 2003–2013 135,010 16,3181 Percentage change, 2003–2013 1.2% 12.3%

Ohio Fairfield Historical poverty rates

2 Poverty rate, 1960 15.9% 17.7%2 Poverty rate, 1970 10.0% 10.8%2 Poverty rate, 1980 10.3% 7.2%2 Poverty rate, 1990 12.5% 8.8%2 Poverty rate, 2000 10.6% 5.9%3 Poverty rate, 2010 15.8% 11.2%

A Look at Fairfield County

Ohio Fairfield Current poverty rates

3 Popualtion for whom poverty can be determined, 2012 11,227,482 144,5143 Poverty count, 2012 1,824,628 15,4633 Poverty rate, 2012 16.3% 10.7%4 Male poverty rate, 2012 14.7% 10.2%4 Female poverty rate, 2012 17.7% 12.6%4 Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2012 23.8% 16.0%4 Senior (age 65 and over) poverty rate, 2012 8.0% 5.5%4 White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2012 12.6% 11.3%4 Black/African American poverty rate, 2012 35.6% 10.0%4 Asian poverty rate, 2012 14.7% 1.0%4 Mixed race poverty rate, 2012 31.1% 20.5%4 Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2012 29.6% 17.7%4 Severe poverty rate (i.e., below 50% FPL), 2012 7.6% 4.9%4 Self-sufficiency rate (i.e., below 200% FPL), 2012 34.9% 26.7%

A Look at Fairfield County

Ohio Fairfield Family poverty rates

4 Total families, 2012 2,913,312 39,9424 Families in poverty, 2012 349,081 3,3484 Family poverty rate, 2012 12.0% 8.4%4 Married couple with no children, poverty rate, 2012 3.1% 2.8%4 Married couple with children, poverty rate, 2012 7.5% 4.7%4 Married couple with children under age 5, poverty rate, 2012 7.6% 1.9%4 Single parent family poverty rate, 2012 41.8% 32.9%4 Single mother family poverty rate, 2012 47.2% 36.4%4 Single mother family with children under age 5, poverty rate, 2012 58.7% 57.9%

A Look at Fairfield County

Ohio Fairfield Other measures of economic need

5 Average annual wage per job, 2012 $44,988 $34,8996 Percentage of tax returns claiming EITC, 2012 18.2% 15.6%7 Unemployment rate, 2013 7.4% 6.4%8 Percentage of households receiving LI-HEAP benefits, 2014 8.9% 8.2%9 Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefis, 2013 16.2% 13.4%9 Percentage of population eligible for Medicaid, December 2013 20.8% 17.6%4 Percentage of the working-age population (ages 18 to 64) uninsured, 2012 16.3% 13.6%4 Renters who are cost-burdened, 2012 697,537 6,7224 Percentage of renters cost-burdened (paying >30% of income to rent), 2012 45.4% 47.2%

10 Foreclosure rate (per 1,000 housing units), 2013 10.4 9.911 Consumer bankruptcy rate (per 1,000 population), 2013 4.1 4.4

Implications?

Implications?Before children enter kindergarten, their

development is strongly associated with their socio-economic status (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). An extrapolation of data from several studies found that high risk children, which include those in low-income households, are likely to start kindergarten about 2 years developmentally behind their age peers who were raised in non-high risk environments. Importantly, however, in testing cognitive development in children across different levels of advantage (as measured by the parents’ own educational and intellectual levels) in controlled trials,

children were able to close that achievement gap through participation in a quality preschool experience (Ramey & Ramey, 2004).

Implications?

Implications?

The particular effectiveness of the EITC is thought to be partially due to how the payments are structured. For families with

very low earnings, instead of phasing out payments when families’ earnings rise, the size of the credit increases. This incentivizes employment and ultimately results in moving families from cash welfare assistance to sustained incomes. (Sherman, Trisi, & Parrott, 2013)

Implications?

Implications?

The current body of literature on the effectiveness of homelessness programs points to the limitations of the Continuum of Care housing model with regard to long-term positive outcomes. Case studies and reviews (Culhane & Metraux, 2008), (Shaheen & Rio, 2007), (Rodriguez, 2013) found that shelters by themselves do not always adequately address the needs of people

experiencing homelessness. Systems with early opportunities for employment, opportunities to access Rapid Re-housing, and those that customize interventions based on need are more effective and the most likely to have low recurrence rates.

Implications?

Implications?In the US, obesity and poor nutrition and their associated health impacts are

strongly associated with poverty. While overweight status among American youth has been increasing over decades regardless of sex, race, or ethnicity, the increase is greater in families living below the poverty line than those above it. Across

the entire population, the highest rates of obesity are in populations with the highest poverty rates and the least education. (Miech, Kumanyika, Stettler, Link, Phelan, & Chang, 2006), (Drewnowski & Specter, 2004)

Questions?

Other data sources

Center for Neighborhood Technology (CNT) H+T Affordability Index

University of Washington School of Social Work The Self-Sufficiency Standard for Ohio

Harvard University / University of California, Berkeley The Equality of Opportunity Project

Early Childhood Ohio Early Learning and Development County Profiles

Other data sources

H+T Affordability Index website http://htaindex.cnt.org/

The Self-Sufficiency Standard publications website http://www.selfsufficiencystandard.org/pubs.html

The Equality of Opportunity Project website http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org/

Early Learning and Development County Profiles website http://www.earlychildhoodohio.org/county_profiles.php

Contact information

Lynnette Cook, PhDExecutive DirectorCommunity Research Partners399 East Main Street, Suite 100Columbus, Ohio 43215P: 614-737-2932lcook@researchpartners.orgwww.researchpartners.org @CRPColumbus