Surveyor:   DCDB versus NDCDB

What is DCDB and NDCDB? This is the a question posted to me from one of my

readers.

DCDB stand for Digital Cadastral Database. This database was created by JUPEM or

more precise word is Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) by using

CALS (Computer Assisted Land Survey System). The computerization of CALS started

from Johor in year 1985, followed by Pahang in year 1990 and others state from 1995.

During the period, CALS system was used to enhance and expedite the output of

cadastral plan and generated PDUK. PDUK data is digital cadastral database to replace

the hardcopy certified plan of issuance title by register/ land office.

Formerly, licensed land surveyor (LLS) submitted cadastral work in hardcopy (field

book, certified plan, calculation volume) and 6 ASCII files (jobref.job, jobref.ncp,

jobref.tps, jobref.lot, jobref.bdy & jobref.bkl) based on JUPEM circular 1/1997 dated 2

April 1997.

The DCDB format contain of 4 files

I) jobref.job

2)jobref.bkl

3)jobref.lot

4)jobref.bdy

File jobref.job & jobref.bkl are used to update Survey Record System (SRS) while

jobref.lot & jobref.bdy are used to update PDUK “Pengkalan data Ukur Kadaster Negeri”

data.

The fully survey digital requirement started on year 2005 (referring to JUPEM circular

11/2005 dated 29 September 2005). According to this circular, licensed land surveyor

(LLS) need to submit 16 survey ASCII files, certified plan, calculation volume and digital

signature to adopt the implementation of “Field to Finish” (F2F) in JUPEM.

However, most of the LLS can not suit to this F2F environment because of using high

tech instrument to capture data in field even all the LLS were given the instruments by

survey board (LJT). JUPEM saw the problem and created “e-submit” module in year

2006 (JUPEM circular 1/2006 dated 29 August 2006) to allow LLS manually key in the

survey data into this module and generate the 16 ASCII files requested in F2F

environment. However, this module was ceased by JUPEM after one and half years

because all the LLS have been adapted to the system.

NDCDB (National Digital Cadastral Database) is a new survey phrase for land surveyor

in cadastral survey. This database is created because JUPEM found discrepancies or

gaps exist on the graphical display with the value of bearings and distances from

certified plan stored in the DCDB system.

Thus, JUPEM implemented Coordinated Cadastral Systems (CCS) that

1) Adopt accurate datum-GDM2000

2) Readjust the present cadastral network by using GPS

3) Using coordinate based procedure

4) Implementation of Least Square Adjustment (LSA) and omit Transit or Bowditch

adjustment

CCS is the nerve of eCadastral. The main objective of CCS is to develop a

homogeneous cadastral database based on the geocentric datum with a spatial

accuracy of better than 5 centimeter in urban area and better than 10 centimeter in

semi-urban and rural areas. The present accuracy of the DCDB is a few meters level

and is not homogeneous.

Reference : www.melakasurveyor.com/2010/09/dcdb-versus-ndcdb.html

Reference; Perkembangan eKadaster di JUPEM JOHOR Oleh: Hamzah bin Hasan (Penolong Pengarah Ukur Seksyen NDCDB JUPEM JOHOR)

Stesen MyRTK net

A. Definisi Stesen MyRTK net- Real Time Kinematic

Stesen MyRTK Net terdiri daripada 26 stesen di Semenanjung Malaysia dan masing –

masing 1 stesen di Sabah dan Sarawak . Ia merupakan satu jaringan stesen GPS kekal

pada sela jarak 30 km ke 150 km untuk mengutip data secara berterusan bagi

dibekalkan kepada pemprosesan melalui suatu jaringan komputer. Di samping itu ia

akan menyediakan pusat pemprosesan bagi menerbit dan menghantar data

pembetulan kepada pengguna bergerak yang boleh memberi kejituan sehingga ke

tahap sentimeter bagi dense network dan ketahap desimeter bagi sparse network

secara hakiki ( real -time ) . Data real-time ( 1- 3 jam ) stesen rujukan bagi pengguna

post -processing differential GPS untuk seluruh negara .

B. Sistem MyRTKnet terdiri daripada

a. Sistem GPS

b. Teknologi maklumat

c. Teknologi komunikasi wireles

C. Stesen MyRTKnet

a. Semenanjung malaysia 26 stesen

1.Rantau

Panjang

7. Mersing 13.

JupemMelaka

19. Kuala

Kubu Baharu

25.Grik

2.Gua

Musang

8..Kluang 14.Banting 20. Jupem

Ipoh

26.Balik

Pulau

3. Marang 9.Tg.

Pengering

15.K. Klawang 21.Pulau

Pangkor

4.Pekan 10.Kukup 16. UPM

Serdang

22.Bandar

Baharu

5. Temerloh 11. Johor

Baharu

17.Sg Petani 23. Langkawi

6. Nibong

Tebal

12.Kapar 18. Selama 24.UUM

Sintok

b. Sabah 1 stesen

1. UMS Kota Kinabalu

c. Sarawak 1 stesen

1. UMAS Kuching

STESEN GEODETIK MALAYSIA

A. Definisi Stesen MASS – Sistem GPS Aktif Malaysia

Stesen Mass terdiri daripada 18 stesen GPS aktif yang menjejak satelit GPS yang

terletak pada 20,000 km di angkasa lepas , terletak diloksi strategik di seluruh negara

pada sela 200 ke 300 km . Stesen mass ini menjejak satelit GPS 24 jam sehari secara

berterusan dimana data ini disimpan dalam bentuk fail setiap jam dan dipindah ke pusat

pemprosesan data Geodesi di Kuala Lumpur setiap hari. Stesen Mass juga boleh di

gunakan dalam kajian geodinamik seperti memantau pergerakan crustal ufuk dan tegak

bagi hubungan diantara jaringan GPS dengan aras purata laut dua stesen MASS telah

didirikan di stesen STAPS di Geting bagi semenanjung malaysia dan Bintulu bagi

sarawak . Data STAPS dan MASS digunakan secara bersepadu bagi memantau

kedudukan pasang surut dan mengawal Sistem Rujukan Spatial Negara .Kajian saintifik

juga boleh dilakuan dengan menggunakan data -data GPS untuk mengukur TEC ( Total

Electron Content ) didalam ionosfera untuk mengukur kelembapan udara. Data GPS

akan dikemaskinikan secara automatik , data GPS dalam bentuk Rinex yang boleh

didapati adalah data cerapan , data Navigasi dan data Meteorologi .

B. Sistem Mass terdiri daripada

a.Rangkaian stesen Kekal

b.Infrastruktur komunikasi

c.Pusat kawalan stesen mass dan pemprosesan data

C Stesen Mass

a.Semenanjung malaysia 10 stesen

1.UiTM Arau Perlis 6. UTM Skudai Johor Bharu

2.USM Pulau Pinang 7. Jupem Kuantan Pahang

3.Politeknik Ungku Omar Ipoh

Perak

8. Bukit Pak Api Kuala

Terengganu

4.Instun Behrang Tanjung Malim

Perak

9. Geting Tumpat Kelantan

5.Wisma Jupem Kuala Lumpur 10.UiTM Segamat Johor

b. Sabah 3 stesen dan Labuan 1 stesen

1. Tanjung Dumpil Kota Kinabalu 3. Tawau

2.Sandakan 4.Labuan

c. Sarawak 4 stesen

1.Politeknik Kuching 3. Miri

2. Bintulu 4. JKR Sibu

Reference; http://hazaldn.wordpress.com/t-o-p-o-g-r-i-malaysia/jenis-dan-sistem-koordinat-malaysi

Coordinated Cadastral System: Methodology For The Development of National

Digital Cadastral Database

SUMMARY

_ Data screening and cleaning is essential since outliers exist in the data input.

Manual editing is needed in order to run the adjustment ~ time consuming,

tedious and challenging task.

_ Data selection and Adjustment process greatly depend on the “ cleanliness” of

the data input.

_ For the implementation of CCS, the adjustment progresses coherently with

– Outliers encountered during adjustment process

– The availability of number of software license

_ The adjustment results depend on several factors:

I) Control station

ii) Accuracy of the cadastral survey

iii) Block size

iv) Number of boundary mark

v) Density of the cadastral lot

_ Adjustment results show that the residuals and standard deviations for bearing,

distance and coordinate are in tolerance.

_ GPS station at 0.5km and 2.5km spacing are sufficient to be used in providing

control for urban and rural cadastral networks, respectively.

Reference; KURSUS COORDINATED CADASTRAL SYSTEM (CCS) INSTITUT TANAH & UKUR NEGARA BEHRANG, PERAK. METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL DIGITAL CADASTRAL DATABASE (NDCDB). OLEH: PROF DR ABD MAJID BIN A KADIR & ABDULLAH HISAM OMAR Fakulti Kejuruteraan & Sains Geoinformasi Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai , Johor. eprints.utm.my/5655/1/instun_03_modB.pd

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ON NDCDB DEVELOPMENT

1996*

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS IN STATE OF MELAKA – test on the use of least

squares adjustment technique and GPS for Cadastral Controls. FEASIBILITY STUDY

ON COORDINATED CADASTRAL SYSTEM FOR PENINSULAR MALAYSIA.

1997 - 2000*

STUDIES TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF

2000 - 2003*

COORDINATED CADASTRAL SYSTEM FOR PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

2004-2005*

A PILOT RESEARCH PROJECT ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

OF

COORDINATED CADASTRAL SYSTEM (CCS) FOR THE STATE OF MELAKA

2006*

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF CCS IMPLEMENTATION

2007-2009

PROJEK eKADASTER JUPEM: DEVELOPMENT OF NDCDB

JOINT PILOT RESEARCH PROJECTS BETWEEN DSMM-UTM-LS

BOARD: COORDINATED CADASTRAL SYSTEM (CCS) FOR MALAYSIA

BENEFITS OF NDCDB

Shortcomings in The Present PDUK

NDCDB will overcome the shortcomings of the present Pangkalan Data Ukur Kadaster

(PDUK) on several issues such as: a) incompatibility with the current technologies, b)

accuracy inadequacy, and c) difficulties resulting from the use of different projection and

geo-reference system.

NDCDB as Spatially Enabling Technologies

NDCDB will open up of opportunities in coping with and in accruing benefits from the

advances in technology. Since coordinates are the basic input/output of most modern

equipments, such as Electronic Total Station and Global Positioning System, the

introduction of a survey accurate NDCDB would thus be synergistic with the operations

of such equipment and systems

Reference; DCDB2NDCDB by Sr. Dr. Teng Chee Hua (Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia) 14 October 2009. http/www.fig.net/commission7/malaysia_2009/.../ndcdb%20melaka2.pdf

Search CRM & NDCDB in JUPEM2U

The implementation of e-cadastral effective from 1 May 2010 as per JUPEM circular

5/2009 & 6/2009. Malaysia datum has been "shifted" to new environment of datum as

Datum Geosentrik Malaysia (GDM2000) where the datum system coordinate is based

on International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000. The origin of this system is central

of the earth which is similar with the WGS84.

Presently, the land surveyor need to identity the "National Digital Cadastral Database

(NDCDB)" or " Cadastral Reference mark (CRM) where both are based on GDM2000

coordinate before start the cadastral work. The old marks found on the ground no

neccesary is NDCDB or CRM. This info are available in JUPEM website as diagram

below

The register user need to select the particular information such as negeri, daerah,

mukim/bandar, seksyen, no lot. If you know the PA no then just fill the info and the

seach will do more faster.

Scroll down and press the icon "lot"

There are 2 lot with similar info but choice the lot with NDCDB land status.

Reference ; http://www.melakasurveyor.com/2010/05/search-crm-ndcdb-in-jupem2u.html SUNDAY, MAY 30, 2010

Summary of Studies Toward the Development of Implementation Plan

Of Coordinated Cadastral System for Peninsular Malaysia

1. The CCS implementation model has been developed

2. A highly accurate Zero Order Geodetic Network (MASS) and PGGN 2000 defined in

ITRF 2000 epoch 00.0 have been established

3. Seven transformation parameters between PGGN 2000 (ITRF 2000) and PGGN95

(WGS84) have been accurately determined

4. Geocentric datum and the associated plane projection (Cassini & RSO) computations

have been stated

3. Methodology to repopulate DCDB with new survey accurate and homogenous

coordinates has been outlined

4. Integration Issues between NDCDB and NDTDB have been experimented

Reference ; http://eprints.utm.my/5653/1/GEOINFO02_KL.pdf By Abd.Majid A.Kadir, Shahrum Ses, Ghazali Desa, Kamaludin Omar, Abdullah Hisam Omar

KELEBIHAN PELARASAN LEAST SQUARES

Kaedah Bowditch tidak dapat digunakan di dalam konsep Ukur Kadaster

Berkoordinat…secara tidak langsung tidak dapat menyokong Sistem Kadaster

Berkoordinat (aplikasi konsep whole to the part).

Pelarasan Least Squares (LSA) mampu menangani pelbagai jenis cerapan: jarak

ufuk, sudut, bering, jarak cerun, sudut pugak, beza tinggi, garisdasar GPS,

koordinat dll.

LSA berkeupayaan mengambil kira kejituan cerapan melalui input standard error

dari cerapan

LSA dapat menetapkan nilai tetap (fixed values) saperti koordinat titik kawal GPS

(dari unit CRM), koordinat dari NDCDB dan azimut dari cerapan suria

LSA memberikan analisa statistik yang komprehensif dan cerapan di padang

LSA dapat mengenalpasti cerapan-cerapan yang mempunyai ralat kasar

(Blunders)

Perisian Star*Net adalah satu perisian yang melaksanakan proses Least

Squares Adjustment

Reference ; Slide LATIHAN PENGGUNAAN PERISIAN PROJEK eKADASTER JUPEM PENGGUNAAN STAR*NET STD SOFTWARE by DR ABD MAJID A KADIR (Precision Portal Sdn Bhd), DR TAJUL ARIFFIN MUSA (UTM)

Practical implementation of cadastral survey is to avoid cadastral boundary overlapping problems rather than to enforce Survey Regulation requirements on coordinates

PROBLEM STATEMENT 1: LACK OF APPRORIATE TECHNOLOGIES PRIOR TO 1990’s HINDER THE APPLICATION OF RIGID COORDINATES

Problem Statement 2: Geodetic Datum Inconsistencies

ASAPERAKMRTREPSOLD

Different Geodetic Datum Used In Cadastral System In Peninsular Malaysia

NON SPATIAL COMPONENT

SPATIAL COMPONENT

Problem Statement 3: Non Rigorous Adjustment Technique for

Coordinates Computation

Solution: GEOCENTRIC DATUM OF MALAYSIAHomogenous and accurate geodetic datum based on GPS technology

Least Squares adjustment technique determine a unique set of coordinates for each boundary mark from a set of observed values (bearings & distances).

.

Bowditch adjustment distributes closing errors linearly but not able to provide a unique coordinates solution.

Bowditch

Least Squares

Reference ; Slide Seminar on Coordinated Cadastral System (CCS) FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY by Professor Dr. Abd. Majid A. Kadir Associate Professor Ghazali Desa PMP Dr. Abdullah Hisam Omar Faculty of Geoinformation Science & Engineering UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

Zero Order Geodetic GPS

Network (MASS Stations)

First Order Geodetic GPS Network (30km

Network)Cadastral Control Infrastructure (CCI)(10km,2.5km,0.5km)

Computation of

Geocentric

Cassini & RSO

Coordinates

DCDB CCI Layer in

DCDB

Problem Statement 4: Whole To The Part Concept With The Aid of Current Positioning Technology Is A Reality