dates and time in danish law & planned time management in lex dania xml dan bjerring –...
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Dates and time in Danish law&
planned time management in Lex Dania XML
Dan Bjerring – [email protected] Technique Division, Law Department, Ministry of Justice
Lise Garkier Hendriksen – [email protected] for Legal Information, Ministry of Justice
Dates and time in Danish law today
The making of an act
The Parliament(Folketinget)
The Government
1st reading
2nd reading
3rd reading
Passage
committees
committees
Royal Assent
The Queen
Promulgation (publication in the Gazette)
Basic dates
Passage of bill
28 May 2004
Royal Assent (official date of signature)
9 June 2004
Promulgation / publication in Gazette
10 June 2004
The coming into force
The date of the coming into force limits the period from which the act can (and shall) be enforced by the authorities: the judiciary, police, etc.
Usually stated explicitly in the act - e. g. 1 July 2004- Can however be provided in the act that the date of the coming into force wholly or partly is decided administratively by the minister of the particular field of law.
“§ 278. The act comes into force 1 July 2004. The Minister of Justice determines the date of the coming into force of chapter 4.”
Date of coming into force
Passage of bill
28 May 2004
Royal Assent (official date of signature)
9 June 2004
Promulgation / publication in Gazette
10 June 2004
Coming into force
1 July 2004
Validity / application
The period of validity limits the period of time within which matters can be comprehended by the act - the act is applicable to matters taking place within this period of time.
Usually identical with the date of the coming into force
Often only a start date, not an end date, exists.- However, “sunset clauses” determining the day of repeal of the act do appear occasionally.
The start date can be a date set before the date of the coming into force, though it is regarded legally inappropriate.
“§ 278. The act comes into force 1 July 2004. § 278, subs. 2. The act is applicable from 1 January 2004.”
Date of validity and date of the coming into force- identical
Passage of bill
28 May 2004
Royal Assent (official date of signature)
9 June 2004
Promulgation / publication in Gazette
10 June 2004
Coming into force and
validity/applicability
1 July 2004
Date of validity and date of the coming into force- not identical
Passage of bill
28 May 2004
Royal Assent (official date of signature)
9 June 2004
Promulgation / publication in Gazette
10 June 2004
Coming into force
1 July 2004
Validity/applicability
– can (and shall) be applied in matters taking place from
–
1 January 2004
Amendment of an act
An act can have provisions that amends or repeals other acts, wholly or partly
The amendments can be of whole sections, subsections or only single words
Ӥ 277. Act no. 966 of 23 October 2001 is amended by the following:
1. § 23 shall be worded as follows:
“§ 23. Bla blabla bla.”
2. In § 54 substitute “100.000 DKK” with “500.000 DKK”
Date of coming into force - amendment
The date of coming into force of the amendments can differ from the day of the coming into force of the act in its entirety.
”§ 277. Act no. 966 of 23 October 2001 is amended by the following:1. § 23 shall be worded as follows:“§ 23. Bla blabla bla.”2. In § 54 substitute “100.000 DKK” with “500.000 DKK”
§ 278. The act comes into force 1 July 2004. § 278, subs. 2. § 277, no. 1, comes into force 1 January 2005.§278, subs. 3. § 277, no. 2, comes into force 1 June 2005.”
Various dates of the coming into force
Passage of bill
28 May 2004
Royal Assent (official date of signature)
9 June 2004
Promulgation / publication in Gazette
10 June 2004
Coming into force
1 July 2004
Coming into force of § 277
(Partly) 1 January 2005
(Partly) 1 June 2005
Planned time management in Lex Dania XML
Lex Dania xml schema structure
LexDania.xsd
Retsinfo.xsd
Act.xsd Order.xsdBill.xsd
- defines the 5 building blocks (content encoding, addressing, meta data, structure, reference constructions)
- domain specific schemas defining meta data, titles, tables, graphics etc.
- defines the characteristics of each document type
Application schema level
Intermediary schema level
Meta-schema level
Two kinds of dates
Time management is part of the meta data in the top of each document (application schema)
Single “physical” actionssignature, promulgation (official public notation) etc.placed directly in elements in the source of the
document
Dates referring to a period of timeenforcement, validity etc. placed in elements by reference to an id for a “start
date” and an “end date”.
Example: The act on annual accounts- meta data concerning the whole document
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href=“ACT M.Retsinfo_1.0.xsl" ?><Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation=“ACT
M.Retsinfo.LexDania_1.0.xsd">
<Meta id="ThisDocument"><DocumentTitle>Act on annual accounts</DocumentTitle><DocumentId>AD000903</DocumentId><Number>448</Number><Year>2001</Year><DateOfPublication>2001-06-08</DateOfPublication><AnnouncedIn>Lovtidende A</AnnouncedIn><Ministry>Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs</Ministry>
Meta data concerning the whole document - continued (1)
<PlaceOfSignature>Given on Christiansborg Castle,</PlaceOfSignature>
<DateOfSignature>2001-06-07</DateOfSignature>
<Seal>Under Our Royal Hand and Seal</Seal>
<Sign id="Sign_01"/>
<Signature REFid="Sign_01">Margrethe R</Signature>
<Sub-Sign id="Sign_02"/>
<Signature REFid="Sign_02">Ole Stavad / Minister of Economic and Business Affairs</Signature>
Meta data concerning the whole document - continued (2)
<Change id="Change_01"/><Ref_Type REFid="Change_01">2</Ref_Type><Ref_Accn REFid="Change_01">A20030030230</Ref_Accn><Ref_Af REFid="Change_01">2003-04-30</Ref_Af>
<EditorialNote id=“EditNote_01"/><Ref_Type REFid=“EditNote_01">0</Ref_Type><Ref_Text REFid="EditNote_01">Following documents contain provisions on the coming into force of this document:</Ref_Text>
<EditorialNote id="EditNote_02"/><Ref_Type REFid="EditNote_02">5</Ref_Type><Ref_Accn REFid="EditNote_02">B20010109105</Ref_Accn><Ref_Af REFid="EditNote_02">2001-12-21</Ref_Af>
Meta data concerning the whole document - continued (3)
<Concerns id="Concern_01"/><Ref_Type REFid="Concern_01">5</Ref_Type><Ref_Accn REFid="Concern_01">B20010109105</Ref_Accn><Ref_Af REFid="Concern_01">2001-12-21</Ref_Af>
<DateEffective id="Effective_ThisDocument"/><StartDate REFid="Effective_ThisDocument">2001-06-09</StartDate>
<AccessionNumber>A20010044830</AccessionNumber><DocumentType>ACT MAIN</DocumentType><Rank>A</Rank>
</Meta>
Meta data for single provisions- with diverging dates of enforcement or validity
<Meta id="Ref_P167" REFid="P167"><DateEffective id="Effective_P167"/><StartDate REFid="Effective_P167">2001-07-07</StartDate><EndDate REFid="Effective_P167">2002-07-07</EndDate>
</Meta>
<Meta id="Ref_P168" REFid="P168"><DateEffective id="Effective_P168"/><StartDate REFid="Effective_P168">2001-07-07</StartDate>
</Meta>
<Meta id="Ref_P129S1" REFid="P129_S2"><DateEffective id="Effective_P129_S2"/><StartDate REFid="Effective_P129_S2">2001-07-07</StartDate><EndDate REFid="Effective_P129_S2">2002-07-07</EndDate>
</Meta>
Versions of documents today
Amendments to acts are always passed as the very content of an act or as part of another act
Consolidated acts (a new version of an act and its later amendments) are made on the initiative of the ministry administrating the act in question
All 4 documents below are separately officially published
Act with amendments (1)
Original act Consolidated act
Act with amendments (2)
Versions of documents in xml
Exact mark up of different dates of the coming into force and validity enables us to (in principle):
- show automatically generated versions of documents with the exact valid content on a chosen date
Problems identified
How small units one can change by acts of amendments?
- most likely, we will not be able to handle all kinds of amendments as they occur today, e.g.:
“2. In § 11, § 36 and § 125 substitute “100.000 DKK” with “500.000 DKK””
Sufficiently qualified “mark up” personnel in the different authorities, ministries etc.?