data storage in sap (ist 331)

8/8/2019 Data Storage in SAP (IST 331)

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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander Kolb

Data Storage in SAP R/3

An Introduction

CSU IST 331

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander R. R. Kolb



Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander Kolb2

The Company SAP

Introduction

What does SAP stand for ?

Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung

Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing

Some Figures

revenues in 2003 : ¼ 7.0 billion

79,800 installations

more than 23,400 companies run SAP

30,945 SAP employees (June 2004)

12 million users in 120+ countries

more than 1,500 partners

more than 60,000 students work with SAP software in business

management classes in over 500 institutions globally




The System R/3

Introduction

HumanResources

Industry Solutions

Accounting

Workflow

Logistics

R/3R/3Client / Server

ABAP/4

SD

MM

PP

QM

PM

HR

FI

CO

AM

PS

WF

IS

Controlling

Asset

Mgmt

Project-system

Workflow

Industry

SolutionsHuman

Resources

Sales &

Distrbution

Production

planing

QualitätsMgmt

Financials

ProductMaint.

Material-Mgmt.




Characteristics of an ERP-System

Introduction

ÄAll combined in one³

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning):

Suite of integrated corporate wide software applications thatdrives manufacturing, financial, distribution, human resources,

and other business functions in real time.

Important:

One integrated system with real time information. If information

is not accurate, the system is not reliable.




Hands On 1

(You know the table)




There are (always) several ways to get somew

h

ere

Access to Database Tables ± Ver. 1 (1/2)

The Way to the Data 1

enter the transaction codeSE16 and press Enter

double click in theEasy Access Menu

enter a tablename (e.g. MARA)and press Enter




You donµt know the table name ± search for it !

Excursion : The Search Button (1/3)


Press the .search button

Search in theInformation System






SAP (always) gives you a lot of choices «

e.g. enter*Material*

The expressions are case sensitive

The results for *material* are notthe same as for *Material* !!!

Keep the max. of hits in mind !






Well, now it is easy to find ± or ?






From the Table to the Data

(define a filter and)execute with




Hands On 2

(You know nearly nothing)

Welcome to the club ;-))






From the Entry Field to the Technical Info

place the cursor in theentry field and press F1

select

Technical Information






From the Technical Info to the Table / Structure Components

double-click

change register






From the Components to the Table

display content

(or SAP-Menue: Utilities -> Table

Contens -> Display)

Ann.: Further

interesting displays

with (Object List)

and (Graphic)

double-

click






From the Table to the Data

(define a filter and)execute with




The Link between Application and Database

(What academics love -> some Theory)




Database-Interface


How does it work ?

native SQLModule

Database specific Layer

Open SQL Module

Open SQLnative SQL

Relational Database

Database-Interface

Programms of theR/3-System

ABAP Dictionary

Business Applications




ABAP Dictionary (1/2)


Central and redundant free information storage for all application-and systemdata in the R/3-system

Description of the logical structure of e.g.

- Tables,

- Views,

- Dataelements,

- Domains,

- Structures

and their definition in the structures of the underlying relationaldatabase.

Avoidance of redundancy

(All components of the runtime environment, e.g. the businessapplications or the database interface, fetch their information aboutthese objects directly from the ABAP Dictionary.)

An active Dictionary that is completely integrated in the ABAPWorkbench.

Itµs a Repository - what is it good for ?




ABAP Dictionary (2/2)


An Overview

- ABAP Programs

- Dokumentation- Online Help

Dynpros

Databasetables «

Classes

ABAP Dictionary




Data-Elements, Domains, Data-Types «


wage-payment

accountno.

month amount

bookings

bookingno.

amount

account

accountno.

balanceTables

+Fields

booking amount[$]

balance[$]

amount with 2 decimals [$]

Data-Element(semantic domain)

Domain(technical domain)

SAP Basis-Data-Typ

Database Basis-Data-Typ

CURR (12 digits, 2 decimals)

DEC

Complex but logical




Data(base)organisation in the R/3-System


real world

SAP-Reference-model

(conceptual level)

ABAP/4Dictionary

(logical level)

RelationalDatabase

(physical level )

Entitytyp 12127

Vendor-Invoice-Posting

Database-Tables Tabeble RFBLG

(physical table)

View ENT2127Vendor-Invoice-Posting

Table BSEG (clustertable)Accounting DocumentSegment

Accounting

Logistics

HR

Example:

Views

normalised tables




Tabletypes in the R/3-Repository


Transparent Tables

1:1 relation ±> one logical table matches one database table

businessdata

39,047 transparent tables in SAP R/3 4.7 (Enterprise)






Pool-Tables

Several SAP-tables with the same pattern resolve in one databasetable

In the database every tupel has the information to which SAP-tableit belongs

2,022 pool tables in SAP R/3 4.7 (Enterprise)






Cluster-Tabellen

Several tables that belong together logically are stored in onedatabase table (objectwise saving)

prerequisite: datarecords belonging together (tupel of the SAP-tables) can be identified via the same primary key

75 cluster tables in SAP R/3 4.7 (Enterprise)






Internal Tables

Datastructure, that is only available during the runtime of aprogram

Can be linked to several programs

Similar to a view




Hands On 3

(A look to the SAP-Repository)

a bit deep-diving ;-))




First Step into the SAP-Repository


Letµs get into IT

enter the transaction codeSE84 and press Enter

double click in theEasy Access Menu




A Look at the Data Models (1/6)


Chose one out of 2,959 Data Models* !

e.g. enter *order*and execute

* for R/3 4.7(Enterprise)






Only 125 Data Models containing Äorder³

double click






Rather boring, but a good starting point «

have a look atthe graphics

have a look atthe hierarchy






23 Representations (Entity Types) belonging to a Sales Order






And here is the graphical version ;-)

Select an entity typeand press Dictionary






You should recognize some of this !

place the cursur inthe field of a table

an press the DataBrowser button

run the Report via




A Look at the Entity Types (1/6)


Chose one out of 4,622 Entity Types* !

e.g. enter *order*and execute

* for R/3 4.7(Enterprise)






Over 200 Entity Types containing Äorder³

double click



Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander Kolb 36



Again rather boring, but a good starting point «

have a look atthe dictionary

have a look atthe relations

have a look atthe where used






The incoming relationships with their cardinality

try a double click :-)

what does C : CN «stand for ?






The Dictionary (you should know this !)






Where is this Entity used ?




Thatµs ÄIT³

I hope it was a bit interesting and you learndsomething you can utilize in the future

data storage in sap (ist 331)

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