data source: i. joughin, jpl g. catania, h. conway, c. raymond and t. scambos * earth and space...

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Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 * National Snow & Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder CO, 80309 Many thanks to: NSF support (OPP #9909518) Raytheon Polar Services A. Gades, M. Conway & E. Waddington Ungrounded Conditions in the Mouth of Kamb Ice Stream?

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Page 1: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Data source: I. Joughin, JPL

G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos*

Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *National Snow & Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder CO, 80309

Many thanks to:

NSF support (OPP #9909518)

Raytheon Polar Services

A. Gades, M. Conway &

E. Waddington

Ungrounded Conditions in the Mouth of Kamb Ice Stream?

Page 2: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Identification of boundaries and terrains

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

Kamb Ice Stream

WhillansStreamIce

Page 3: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

Kamb Ice Stream

WhillansStreamIce

Identification of boundaries and terrains

Page 4: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

Identification of boundaries and terrains

Kamb Ice Stream

WhillansStreamIce

Page 5: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

Identification of boundaries and terrains

Kamb Ice Stream

WhillansStreamIce

Page 6: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

Identification of boundaries and terrains

Kamb Ice Stream

WhillansStreamIce

Page 7: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

Identification of boundaries and terrains

Kamb Ice Stream

WhillansStreamIce

Page 8: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

Identification of boundaries and terrains

Kamb Ice Stream

WhillansStreamIce

Page 9: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Terrain on both sides of KIS Diffractors have uniform depth Diffractors are line-type No near-surface diffractors

Flat-ice terrain

Identification of other features

Syncline feature

Ice StreamTerrain

Page 10: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Syncline feature

Syncline amplitude grows with depth. Deep layers are truncated by the bed. Synclines are narrow in width. No change in layer thickness across

dip.

Identification of other features

Flat-iceTerrainIce Stream

Terrain

Page 11: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Localized Basal Melt

Causes of layer downwarping

Page 12: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Localized Basal Melt

Causes of layer downwarping

How long did it melt for?

Page 13: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Localized Basal Melt

Causes of layer downwarping

How long did it melt for?

Melting lasted for ~10-130 years

Page 14: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Localized Basal Melt

Causes of layer downwarping

Melting lasted for ~10-130 years

Short-lived meltingSpatially focussed melting

Deep diffractorsSyncline features wrap around ridges

How long did it melt for?

Page 15: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Ice Stream Margin?

Pros: melting is spatially focussed melting is short-lived

Cons: no explanation of deep line-diffractors synclines wrap around ridges

Localized Basal Melting

Page 16: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Ice Stream Margin?

Pros: melting is spatially focussed melting is short-lived

Cons: no explanation of deep line-diffractors synclines wrap around ridges

Geothermal Source?

Pros: synclines wrap around ridges

Cons: no explanation of deep line-diffractors source must be extremely shallow melting is short-lived

Localized Basal Melting

Page 17: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Ice Stream Margin?

Pros: melting is spatially focussed melting is short-lived

Cons: no explanation of deep line-diffractors synclines wrap around ridges

Geothermal Source?

Pros: synclines wrap around ridges

Cons: no explanation of deep line-diffractors source must be extremely shallow melting is short-lived

Grounding Line Melt?

Pros: explains deep line-diffractors melting is short-lived synclines wrap around ridges

Cons: not currently floating melting is spatially focussed

Localized Basal Melting

Page 18: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

When did it float?

Relict Grounding Line Positions

BEDMAP

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

Kamb Ice Stream

Whillans StreamIce not floating now (50-100 m above)

sea level is steady so floatation due to thickness changes

thickness changes indicate it could have grounded ~350 years ago

AccumulationCompression

became floating ~480 years ago

Page 19: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Flow history of Kamb Ice Stream

~700 y.b.p

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

CIR

Wide trunk, fast flowpermits thinning

Page 20: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Flow history of Kamb Ice Stream

~500 y.b.p

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

CIR

Thinning floatationShift in flow direction of WIS

Page 21: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Flow history of Kamb Ice Stream

~450 y.b.p

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

CIR

Ice/water piracy shutdown of SIS

Page 22: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Flow history of Kamb Ice Stream

~350 y.b.p

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

CIR

SIR

Re-advance (b/c of WIS?)Narrowing of KISDestruction of water system?

Page 23: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Flow history of Kamb Ice Stream

~250 y.b.p

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

CIR

SIR

Ice/water piracy shutdown of KIS0

Page 24: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Flow history of Kamb Ice Stream

~150 y.b.p

SipleDome

EngelhardtRidge

CIR

SIR

Stagnation of KISContinued flow in tributaries

Page 25: Data source: I. Joughin, JPL G. Catania, H. Conway, C. Raymond and T. Scambos * Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195 *

Syncline features/flat-ice terrain identified: Strongly downwarped isochrones bound flat-ice terrains Likely caused by basal melting for 130 years Melting is a result of grounding line melt? Associated deep diffractors caused by past floatation events Floating occurred between 500 years ago and ended ~350 years ago

Ice flow history of KIS: Grounding line retreat in the mouth of KIS prior to stoppage Sudden floatation and regrounding could destroy the subglacial drainage network This might permit freezing to occur as upstream water is unable to reach the trunk

SUMMARY: Flow history of Kamb Ice Stream