data modeling at europeana antoine isaac mets workshop at the digital libraries 2014 conference...
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Data modeling at Europeana
Antoine Isaac
METS Workshop at the Digital Libraries 2014 Conference
London, Sept. 11, 2014
Access objects from 2,300 libraries, archives and museums
Currently33M objects
What Europeana gets (and makes available)
Descriptive metadata
Link to digital objects online
At the beginning flat DC-based records
dc:contributor, dc:creator, dc:date, dc:format, dc:identifier, dc:language, dc:publisher, dc:relation, dc:source, dcterms:alternative, dcterms:extent, dcterms:temporal, dcterms:medium, dcterms:created, dcterms:provenance, dcterms:issued, dcterms:conformsTo, dcterms:hasFormat, dcterms:isFormatOf, dcterms:hasVersion, dcterms:isVersionOf, dcterms:hasPart, dcterms:isPartOf, dcterms:isReferencedBy, dcterms:references, dcterms:isReplacedBy, dcterms:replaces dcterms:isRequiredBy, dcterms:requires dcterms:tableOfContents
europeana:type, europeana:dataProvider, europeana:provider, europeana:isShownAt, europeana:isShownBy, europeana:object, europeana:rights
No links between objects and persons, places…
Mixing data on real objects and digital content
Causing a lot of mapping quality problems
Creating a new Europeana Data Model: EDM
http://pro.europeana.eu/edm-documentation
Metadata interoperability challenges
Needs:
• Accommodate different data models
• Accommodate domain specific requirements
• Avoid losing data and keep the best granularity
• Co-exist with the original data
EDM rationale: requirements
Richer metadata - finer granularity
1. Distinguish “provided objects” (painting, book, movie, etc.) from their digital representations
2. Distinguish object from its metadata record
3. Allow multiple records for a same object, containing potentially contradictory statements about it
4. Support for objects that are composed of other objects
5. Support for contextual resources, including concepts from controlled vocabularies
EDM: an example
http://europeana.eu/portal/record/09102/_CM_0161930.html
More granular metadata
Digital representations of the object
One or more WebResources are provided for the cultural heritage object.
Properties:
dc:rights
edm:rightsdc:formatdc:descriptiondcterms:isPartOfedm:isNextInSequence…
Web Resource example
Aggregations organize data of a provider
• The Aggregation represents the set of related resources about one real object contributed by one provider.
• It carries the metadata that is about the whole set
• Europeana-specific properties
edm:dataProvider, edm:provider
edm:isShownBy, edm:isShownAt
edm:hasView
edm:rights
edm:ugc
Aggregation example
Hierarchical objects in EDM
Hierarchical objects in EDM
Complete version at:http://semanticweb.cs.vu.nl/europeana/browse/list_resource?r=http://purl.org/collections/apenet/proxy-4_VTH-ATLASSEN_EN_KAARTBOEKEN-F&raw=true
Collaborative, soft standardization
Cross-community development, involving library, archive and museum experts and academic partners
Data model that re-uses several existing models
Semantic Web paradigm just allows mixing them!
(Future work:) Different semantic grains
Adopts Semantic Web principle of specializing classes and properties
Enables extensions, “applications profiles”, based on needs and best practices from specific sectors or domains
For now Europeana core ingestion still relies on an XML schema (for RDF data!)
METS – EDM mappings
DPLA
DDB
DM2E
EuropeanaConnect
APEx
Judaica
Most are METS/MODS
METS – EDM mappings
Focusing on MODS for the descriptive MD
• 1Mb METS may result in 3Kb EDM
METS structMap can populate the Aggregation of WebResources
• Media links and technical MD
Or hierarchies of ProvidedCHOs when the map refers to objects that have cultural interest by themselves
• E.g. multi-volume works, but not pages of books
Difference between Europeana and other projects wrt. choices for EDM ProvidedCHO
Conclusions
Exchanging data about aggregation of cultural objects, media files, with technical and descriptive MD
• Mapping from METS is possible
Linked data is really interesting in a network/community environment (Europeana & partners)
Implementing only a part of the Linked Data technical stack already bring benefits
An ongoing effort
Useful links
Europeana portal europeana.eu
EuropeanaTech community pro.europeana.eu/europeana-tech
Europeana Data Model documentation pro.europeana.eu/edm-documentation
Europeana Twitter @EuropeanaEU
EuropeanaTech Twitter @EuropeanaTech
Ready for metadata enrichment
Europeana links objects to third-party sources
• GEMET, GeoNames, DBpedia
Europeana providers send richer metadata
Harvesting thesauri as linked data
Contextual resources – multilingual & semantic linked data for Concepts
<skos:Concept rdf:about="http://www.mimo-db.eu/InstrumentsKeywords/2251"> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="">Harpsichord</skos:prefLabel> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="de">Cembalo</skos:prefLabel> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="sv">Cembalo</skos:prefLabel> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="fr">Clavecin</skos:prefLabel> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="it">Clavicembalo</skos:prefLabel> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Harpsichord</skos:prefLabel> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="nl">Klavecimbel</skos:prefLabel> <skos:broader> <skos:Concept rdf:about="http://www.mimo-db.eu/InstrumentsKeywords/2239"/> </skos:broader></skos:Concept>
Contextual resource benefits - Work in progress
Allows to present users with richer context
Boosts multilingual search
And multilingual display