data mining & oil-field modeling
DESCRIPTION
Data Mining & Oil-Field Modeling. Y.Chang. Outline. Background Reservoir Simulation Modeling Examples and Projects. Geology. www. lonestarsecurities.com. Oil and Gas Reservoir. www. geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca. Porosity. Porosity = pore-volume / bulk-volume - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Data Mining &Oil-Field Modeling
Y.Chang
Outline
• Background
• Reservoir Simulation Modeling
• Examples and Projects
Geology
www.lonestarsecurities.com
Oil and Gas Reservoir
www.geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca
Porosity
• Porosity = pore-volume / bulk-volume– a measure of the void spaces in a material
www.geo.vu.nl www.borntoexplore.org
Porosity Distribution
www.kgs.ku.eduwww.geus.dk
• Darcy’s Law – describes the flow of a fluid through a porous
medium
• Permeability– a measure of the ability of a material (such as
rocks) to transmit fluids
L
PPAKQ ab
Darcy’s Law
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy_law
Phase Diagram
www.imcampbell.com
www.dreamstime.com
Saturation
• A measure of the fluid spaces in pores, e.g., Oil saturation = oil-volume / pore-volume
www.ukooa.co.uk www.statoilhydro.com
Petroleum Reservoir Modeling
www.halliburton.com
Reservoir Modeling Process
www.beicip-inc.com
Well Data: Core, Logs
Seismic Data
Fluid Data
Rock Data
UpscallingSimulation Model
Well Data
+
Oil/Gas/Water Production
Geologic Model
Logs + Core Data
Mohaghegh, 2000, SPE 58046
Logs + Seismic Data
Mohaghegh, 2005, SPE 98012
Amplitude Neutron porosity: Well 1 and 2
Examples and Projects: A Synthetic Reservoir Model
Permeability2
3
45
7
6
8
910
11
13
1214
1516
17
18
20
19
21
22
2324
25
26
1
XY
Z
1.00 25.75 50.50 75.25 100.00X-permeability
Model size: 24 x 25 x 15Wells: 25 prodjcers 1 water injector
Permeability2
3
45
7
6
8
910
11
13
1214
1516
17
18
20
19
21
22
2324
25
26
1
XY
Z
1.00 25.75 50.50 75.25 100.00X-permeability
Initial Oil Saturation
23
45
7
68
910
11
13
121415
1618
17
20
1921
22
2324
25
26
1
XY
Z
0.0000 0.2125 0.4250 0.6375 0.8500Oil Saturation
Oil Saturation (2 years)
23
45
7
68
910
11
13
121415
1618
17
20
1921
22
2324
25
26
1
XY
Z
0.0000 0.2125 0.4250 0.6375 0.8500Oil Saturation
23
45
7
68
910
11
13
121415
1618
17
20
1921
22
2324
25
26
1
XY
Z
0.0000 0.2125 0.4250 0.6375 0.8500Oil Saturation
Initial So
Gas Saturaton (2 years)
23
45
7
68
910
11
13
121415
1618
17
20
1921
22
2324
25
26
1
XY
Z
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4Gas Saturation
23
45
7
68
910
11
13
121415
1618
17
20
1921
22
2324
25
26
1
XY
Z
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4Gas Saturation
Initial Sg
Field Production Rates
Date (YEARS)Wa
ter
Pro
dR
ate
(BB
L/D
AY
),O
ilP
rod
Ra
te(S
TB
/DA
Y)
Ga
sP
rod
Ra
te(M
SC
F/D
AY
)
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 19900
8000
16000
24000
32000
40000
0
25000
50000
75000
100000
125000
WPROPRGPR
FIELD
Well-13 Production Rates
Date (YEARS)Wa
ter
Pro
dR
ate
(BB
L/D
AY
),O
ilP
rod
Ra
te(S
TB
/DA
Y)
Ga
sP
rod
Ra
te(M
SC
F/D
AY
)
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 19900
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
WPROPRGPR
13
Well-15 Production Rates
Date (YEARS)Wa
ter
Pro
dR
ate
(BB
L/D
AY
),O
ilP
rod
Ra
te(S
TB
/DA
Y)
Ga
sP
rod
Ra
te(M
SC
F/D
AY
)
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 19900
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
WPROPRGPR
15
Well-17 Production Rates
Date (YEARS)Wa
ter
Pro
dR
ate
(BB
L/D
AY
),O
ilP
rod
Ra
te(S
TB
/DA
Y)
Ga
sP
rod
Ra
te(M
SC
F/D
AY
)
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 19900
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
WPROPRGPR
17
Forecast Oil Production
Date (YEARS)
Oil
Pro
dR
ate
(ST
B/D
AY
)
Cu
mO
ilP
rod
(1e
+0
06
ST
B)
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 19900
8000
16000
24000
32000
40000
0
8
16
24
32
40
OPROPC
FIELD
Forecast Oil Prod. – 2nd year Data
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Time (days)
Oil R
ate
(STB
/day
)
Oil RateOil Rate (2 year)Linear (Oil Rate (2 year))
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Time (days)
Oil R
ate
(STB
/day
)
Oil RateOil Rate (2 year)Estimate
Other History Match Examples
Da Silva, et al. , 2007, SPE 107371
Well PH-01 ResultsProduction Data
Project 1: Estimate Field Oil Production Rate
• Data: oil rates vs. time– 0 – 300 days: all wells at
maximum rates– 300 – 360 days: all wells
at reduced rates of 100 b/d– 360 – 3653 days: all wells
at maximum rates
• Task:– Use 3-year data (0 to
1,096 days), estimate field production rates to 10 years.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000Time (days)
Oil R
ate
(STB
/day
)
Oil Rate
?
Oil Saturation > 0.65 (6 years)2
3
45
7
6
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
19
21
22
23
2425
26
1
X
Z
Y
0.0000 0.2125 0.4250 0.6375 0.8500Oil Saturation
2
3
45
7
6
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
19
21
22
23
2425
26
1
X
Z
Y
0.0000 0.2125 0.4250 0.6375 0.8500Oil Saturation
Gas Saturation < 0.15 (6 years)2
3
45
7
6
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
19
21
22
23
2425
26
1
X
Z
Y
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4Gas Saturation
2
3
45
7
6
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
19
21
22
23
2425
26
1
X
Z
Y
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4Gas Saturation
In-fill Well?2
3
45
7
6
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
19
21
22
23
2425
26
1
X
Z
Y
0.0000 0.2125 0.4250 0.6375 0.8500Oil Saturation
2
3
45
7
6
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
19
21
22
23
2425
26
1
X
Z
Y
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4Gas Saturation
So>0.65, 6-year
Sg<0.15, 6-year
Project 2: In-fill Well Location
• Data– Pore-volume map– Oil saturation map at the
6th year– Well locations– Oil Volume = Pore-Volume x
Oil-Saturation
• Task– Find a new well (I,j,k)
location that can give highest initial oil production rate
2
3
45
7
6
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
19
21
22
23
2425
26
1
X
Z
Y
0.0000 0.2125 0.4250 0.6375 0.8500Oil Saturation
Well Locations
** WATER INJECTION WELL* I J KWELL 1 24 25 11 24 25 12 24 25 13 24 25 14 24 25 15 ** ALL PRODUCTION WELLSWELL 2 5 1 2 5 1 3 5 1 4 …
Oil Saturation MapsOIL SATURATION DISTRIBUTION TIME: 2192.0000 DAYS OR 6.0000 YEARS -- TIME STEP NO.: 50
J = 1
I = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 K 1 0.5301 0.5387 0.5449 0.5459 0.5481 0.5527 0.5558 0.5629 0.6237 0.5819 0.5102 0.4969 0.4916 0.4881 0.4872 2 0.5635 0.6142 0.6426 0.6475 0.5895P 0.6109 0.6306 0.6201 0.7076 0.6832 0.5459 0.5200 0.4916 0.4807 0.4772 3 0.5455 0.6175 0.6406 0.6571 0.6615P 0.6904 0.6898 0.6946 0.7029 0.6422 0.5410 0.5049 0.4812 0.4785 0.4741 4 0.6147 0.6652 0.6843 0.6839 0.6862P 0.6972 0.6877 0.6950 0.6931 0.6810 0.6589 0.5901 0.5344 0.5250 0.5125 5 0.6023 0.6555 0.6681 0.6726 0.6804 0.6859 0.6778 0.6705 0.6698 0.6590 0.6435 0.5711 0.5247 0.5215 0.5221
…….
J = 1
I = 1 2 3 4 5 K 1 0.5301 0.5387 0.5449 0.5459 0.5481 2 0.5635 0.6142 0.6426 0.6475 0.5895P 3 0.5455 0.6175 0.6406 0.6571 0.6615P 4 0.6147 0.6652 0.6843 0.6839 0.6862P 5 0.6023 0.6555 0.6681 0.6726 0.6804 …….
Questions?