data definition, data capture, quality assurance and adherence...
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DataDefinition,DataCapture,QualityAssuranceandAdherencetoInformatics
Standards(includingUDI)inCRNs
JamesE.Tcheng,MD,FACC,FSCAIProfessorofMedicine
ProfessorofCommunityandFamilyMedicine(Informatics)[email protected]
AFewHighlights…Califf – calltosolvethedatasharingproblem…
AFewHighlights…
Platt– an“enormouslift”tounderstandthemeaningofdataatanindividualsite,andtokeepdatacoordinated(inreferencetoSENTINEL)Matheny– translationofdatabetweendatamodelsisnotparticularlydifficult(inreferencetoSENTINEL,PCORNet,i2b2,OHDSI)– problemisCDMimplementationanditscontinuedcoordination
If you don’t know where you are going,
-- YogiBerra(1925-2015)
chances are you will end up somewhere else.
InformaticsandCRNs
• Datadefinition(CDEs,CDMs)• Datacapture(distributedacrossrolesandintegratedintoworkflows)
• Dataquality(fromdocumentmodeltodatamodel- notchartingbyexception)
• UDI(andGUDID,AUDI)
Informatics,CRNsandOpportunities
• Commondatamodels(genericdataaggregation)– SENTINEL,PCORNet,i2b2,OHDSI– Datatransferbetweendatamodels
• Datarepresentation/transferbetweensystems– HL7FHIRportfolio
• Native,interoperablestandardization– Minimumcore(domain-specific)dataelements– UDI:referencedatainGUDID,AUDIdatabases– Commoncoredataelements– Commonadministrative/demographicdataelements
• Structuredreporting
Informatics,CRNsandOpportunities
• Commondatamodels(genericdataaggregation)– SENTINEL,PCORNet,i2b2,OHDSI– Datatransferbetweendatamodels
• Datarepresentation/transferbetweensystems– HL7FHIRportfolio
• Native,interoperablestandardization– Minimumcore(domain-specific)dataelements– UDI:referencedatainGUDID,AUDIdatabases– Commoncoredataelements– Commonadministrative/demographicdataelements
• Structuredreporting
THE Foundational Issue
TowerofBabelPieterBruegeltheElderandPieterBruegeltheYounger,1563
Electronic health information
The Foundational Solution
Registries, CRNs
Procedure reporting systems
Electronic Health Records
Clinical contexts
Native, Interoperable Data Standardization
DataChallenge:MultipleMasters§ Clinicalcare§ Healthsystem§ Payers§ Patients§ Federal,stateprograms§ FDA§ Registries§ Research§ Ohyes…clinicians
Recipients
Producers(akaCustomer#1)
Customer#2:DatabaseDeveloper
§ Databasefieldlabel (i.e.,whatdoyoucallthedataelement,akathe“address”ofthedatainthedatabase)
§ Datatype/format (e.g.,textstring,integer,date,constrainedlist,…)
§ Businessrules (e.g.,rangelimits,consistencychecks,…)
Soyouwanttobuildadatabase…
The Approach
Electronic health information
Registries, CRNsProcedure reporting systems
Electronic Health Records
Clinical contexts
Native, Interoperable Data StandardizationüDevice evaluation (FDA/MDEpiNet) – coronary stents,
peripheral artery revasc, bariatric devices, EP CIEDs, …üAnd their registries – ACC NCDR (CathPVI, ICD), SVS
VQI, ACS MBSAQIP, … à NQRNüMinimum core (domain-specific) CDEs …üCommon CDEs …
SelectingDomain-SpecificConcepts
§ Definetheclinicalstateofthepatient§ Clinicalpresentation,riskfactors
§ Describetechnicalaspects§ Anatomy,proceduredetails
§ Representoutcomesofinterest
“Clean”clinicalconceptssharedacrossclinicalcare,proceduredocumentation,research,and
regulatoryspacesuniquetothedisciplineandneededforanalysis:
ThinkPARSIMONY!
CommonClinicalDataElements
§ Demographics,administrativedata(ONC)§ Vitalsigns,tobaccousehistory(ONC)§ Procedurecodes(CPT)§ Laboratorydata(LOINC)§ Medications(RxNorm)§ UDIandreferencedevicedata(GUDID)
Clinicalconceptssharedacrossclinical,research,andregulatorycontextsNOTuniquetothedisciplineandthatalreadyhavebindings to
standardizedterminologies):
KeyCDEMetadata
HCVstatus:
QuestionorpromptMayhaveassociatedcontrolled
terminology
Value,resultoranswerMayhaveassociatedcontrolled
terminology
1. Clinicalconceptlabel(e.g.,humanpromptforCRF,dataentryscreen)2. Dbfieldlabel(allcaps,nospaces,underscoresonly,limitedchars…)3. Clinicaldefinitionoftheconcept,synonymsthereof4. Datatype/format(e.g.,freetext,constrainedlist,integer,…)5. Allowedvalues(akapermissiblevalues=valueset;VSAC?)6. Allowedvaluesdefinitions7. Businessrules(e.g.,range/editchecks,consistency,validation)8. SDObinding(s)9. Publishedreference(s)
FromConceptstoAction
§ MDEpiNetProjects(BUILD,RAPID,CATNIP,EPPASSION,etc.):identifydomain-specificCDEs§ Clinicalconceptlabel,db label,etc.§ Re-populateGUDID,createAUDI
§ MDEpiNet,NQRN– identifycommonCDEs§ LeverageFHIR§ ImplementacrossqualityregistriesoftheNQRN
§ Informatics– specify/modelthetechnicalrepresentation(CIIC,CIMI,NLM,NCIEVS,others)
Creatingtheecosystem…
Informatics,CRNsandOpportunities
• Native,interoperableCDEstandardization– Processtoidentifycandidateconcepts(domains)– Processtodevelopkeymetadata(clinicians)– Processtoformallymodel(informaticians)– Engagementofsocieties(registryowners)– Engagementofdocumentationsystemowners(commercial)
– EngagementofEHR/EHIowners(commercial)
• UDI…
Informatics,CRNsandOpportunities
• Native,interoperableCDEstandardization…• UDI– andtheintenttouseGUDID(andAUDI)asreferencedatasources– ProcesstoimproveGUDIDdataqualitybydevicecategory
– ProcesstoidentifyclinicallyrelevantconceptsforAUDIbydevicecategory
– Processtodeliver/createAUDI– OtherlessonsoftheLearningUDICommunity
Questions?
Never,everthinkoutsideofthebox!!!
“Dammit, Jim, I’m a Doctor, Not a Computer!”
WhatisStructuredReporting?• Specificdatacapturedbythepersonclosesttothat
data,integratedintoclinicalworkflow(e.g.MA,tech,RN,pt)
• Informaticsformalisms:universal,well-definedcommondataelements;datamodelthatparallels(i.e.,isrepresentationalof)clinicalcaremodel
• Dataiscompiledbythecomputertoproducemostofthecontentinareport;MDvalidatesdata,focusesoncognitiveassessmentandrecommendations
• Output:thestructuredreport• ROI: dataquality/quantity, ¯ redundancy/
repetition,timetofinalreports,FTErequirementsàaugmentedknowledge,financialgains
HowIsStructuredReportingDone?• Engineered,best-practiceworkflows• Justintime,contextspecific,highusability,pointofcaredatacaptureviaforms
• Lotsofbusinessrules• OptimizedITformfactors• Computerisacompiler
Inotherwords…• Commandofwhodoeswhatwhen,where,andhow
CommonCDEDefinitionProcess1.DeterminecommondataconceptsacrossMDEpiNetprojects(andtheirregistries)
FromregistryandindustryCRFs2.EnvironmentalscantocatalogeffortsexternaltoMDEpiNet
ONCCommonClinicalDataset,PCPINQRNRegistriesonFHIR(SethBlumenthal),HL7CommonRegistryFramework,CommonDataModels(SENTINEL,PCORNet,OMOP/ODASI),multipleotherefforts
3.Develop“spreadsheet”columnsofdataelementconceptsApplydb developerlens:“WhatdoIneedtobuildthedataelementinadatabase?”e.g.,Longname,db name,datatype,datafieldconstraints,allowed/permissiblevalues,definitions,references
4.Identifyanddevelop/specifycandidatetermsDomainanalysis:crossreferenceofCDEconceptsagainstexistingstandardsFHIRwilllikelyhavespecifiedsomeofthisalreadyatapragmatic,“bestfit”levelONCCommonClinicalDatasetStandardsalsoreferencesexistingstandards
5.Developtechnicalrepresentation,bindtoexistingstandards,andtestNativeinteroperabilitylevel– notjustFHIRtranslationlevelVQIandCathPVI registries– firstdemonstrationsThenACCNCDRandPCPINQRNfamilyofregistries
6.Developasafulltechnicalstandard– logicalmodelingbyCIMI,approvalviaCIICEngageEHR,CVIS,EHIsystemvendorsinhealthcare