Data Changes from GOES-12/NOP Imagers

Timothy J. Schmit

NOAA/NESDIS/STAR (formerly ORA)

SaTellite Applications and Research (STAR)

Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT)

in collaboration with the

Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS)

Madison, WI

UW-Madison

Satellite DirectReadout Users

Conference for the Americas12 December 2002

Data Changes from GOES-12/NOP ImagersX-ray image of the Sun was taken by the SXI instrument onboard GOES-12

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i/GOES-12 Imager Changes- Spectral- Spatial

GOES-N/O/P Changes- Less outages

Spectral ranges for the GOES-8/11 (top bars) and GOES-12+ (bottom bars) Imagers.

sample high spectral-resolution earth emitted spectra

GOESImagerBand

Wavelength Range(μm)

Central Wavelength(μm)

Meteorological Objective

1 0.55 to 0.75 0.65Cloud cover and surface features

during the day2 3.8 to 4.0 3.9 Low cloud/fog detection, fire detection

36.5 to 7.05.8 to 7.3

6.7 (GOES-8/11)6.5 (GOES-12+)

Upper-level water vapor

4 10.2 to 11.2 10.7 Surface or cloud top temperature

5 11.5 to 12.5 12.0 (GOES-8/11) Surface or cloud top temperature andlow-level water vapor

6 12.9 to 13.7 13.3 (GOES-12+) CO2 band: Cloud detection

GOES Imager bands

GOES Imager 6.7 um vs 6.5 um

GOES Imager Bands 4, 5, 6

GOES-8 Imager data -- native perspective

GOES-12 Imager data -- native perspective

GOES-12 Imager comparisons

After accounting for spectral response differences, the

imager brightness temperatures are similar to

those from operational satellites.

The improved spatial resolution on the water vapor images from GOES-12 are evident (4 km detectors, as opposed to the 8 km detectors).

GOES-8/12 Imager comparisons

GOES-12 GOES-10

Both water vapor images are shown in their native projections.

http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/011119/011119.html

The GOES-12/10/08 weighting functions calculated from the 19 September 00UTC Albuquerque NM rawinsonde profile, the theoretical water vapor channel brightness temperatures should have been about 3.5 degrees warmer on GOES-12 than on GOES-10/08.

Average satellite brightness temperatures measured over the mountain wave signature region were about 3 degrees K warmer on GOES-12 than on GOES-10/08.

GOES-12 Imager -- Visible

GOES-12 Imager -- IR window

GOES-12 Imager -- 13.3 µm

GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure

GOES-12 Sounder -- Cloud Top Pressure

Expected product changes

Cloud height products Improved Better heightassignments

Satellite-derived winds Improved Better heightassignments

Mid-level moisturegradients

Improved Due to finer spatialresolution

“Water Vapor”Imagery

Slightly Improved Change in spectralwidth

Higher spatialresolution

Note: Most GOES Imager data or products are not affected by these changes (most imagery, infrared-only products, visible products, etc).

Expected product changes

Dust, smoke andvolcanic ash detection

Degraded Affect morepronounced during the

night

Detection of low cloud Degraded Affect morepronounced during the

night

Low-level moisture andskin temperaturedeterminations

Degraded Rely on sounder orpolar-orbiting data

Sea SurfaceTemperatures

Unknown Daytime products maybe most affected

GOES-8/11 GOES-12/NGOESImagerBand

IGFOV*(km)

SSR**(km)

IGFOV*(km)

SSR**(km)

1 1.0 x 1.0 0.57 x 1.0 1.0 x 1.0 0.57 x 1.02 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.0 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.03 8.0 x 8.0 2.3 x 8.0 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.04 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.0 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.05 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.0 No band No band6 No band No band 8.0 x 8.0 2.3 x 8.0

GOES Imager spatial resolution characteristics.

(GOES-8/11 values are from Menzel and Purdom 1994)

Limitations of Current GOES Imagers

– Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts

– Low spatial resolution

– Missing spectral bands

– Eclipse and related outages

GOES-N/O/P will supply data through the eclipse periods.

The spacecraft batteries are specified to be large enough to run through eclipse.

Shields have been added to the secondary mirror spiders.

Outages due to Eclipse

and the Keep-Out-Zone

GOES-8 (~3 hours of data outage)

No data!

GOES-N+

(~0 hours of data outage)

GOES-O – improved spatial resolution of the 13.3 um band.

4 km

1 km

8 km

2 km

More information:

NWA article: Schmit, T. J., E. M. Prins, A. J. Schreiner, and J. J. Gurka, 2001: Introducing the GOES-M imager. Volume 25, Nos 3,4, Nat. Wea. Assoc. Digest.

GOES-12 web pageshttp://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/g12_report/http://www.cira.colostate.edu/ramm/goesm/test_results.htm

GOES spectral response functions and GOES-M changes: http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/goes-calibration/change-channels.htm

COMET page on GOES channels:http://meted.ucar.edu/satmet/goeschan/index.htm

SXI and space weather: http://www.sec.noaa.gov/sxi/

GOES-12 Imager VISITview session (and a NOAA Technical Memo) are being developed.