data center free cooling
DESCRIPTION
Data Center Free CoolingTRANSCRIPT
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Integrating Optimized Economizers in Your Data Center Design to Leverage the
Advantages of “Free Cooling”
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Emerson Network Power –An organization with established customers
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• Emerson Network Power overview• Integrating Optimized Economizers in Your Data Center
Design to Leverage the Advantages of “Free Cooling,” Ron Spangler, Senior Product Manager, Liebert Precision Cooling, Emerson Network Power
• Bay Area Internet Solutions Delivers Efficiency Without Compromise
• Question and Answer session
Presentation topics
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Integrating Optimized Economizers in Your Data Center Design to Leverage the Advantages of “Free Cooling”
Ron SpanglerSenior Project ManagerLiebert Precision CoolingEmerson Network Power
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Free-cooling options
1. Air-cooled chiller with economizer(not commonly available in the U.S.)
2. Air-cooled chiller with drycooler for free-cooling3. Water-cooled chiller with economizer on cooling tower
(water-side economizer)4. Outside air introduced directly into the data center
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CRAH units with outdoor chiller
6
OutdoorChiller
Liebert CW
45ºF
55ºF
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CRAH units with outdoor chiller with drycooler for free-cooling
7
OutdoorChiller
Liebert CW
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CRAH units with outdoor chiller
8
EvaporativeCoolingTower
Chiller
pumppump 85ºF
95ºF
45ºF
55ºF
Summertime
Liebert CW
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CRAH units with outdoor chiller water-side economizer (low ambient)
9
EvaporativeCoolingTower
Chiller
pumppump 45ºF
55ºF
Wintertime
45ºF
Liebert CW
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Mechanical system assumptions
Traditional OptimizedCRAH Return air temp, ºF 75ºF 80ºFEntering water temp, ºF 45ºF 55ºFWater temp rise, ºF 10ºF 15ºFCRAH supply air temp, ºF 55ºF 64ºFMaximum Cold-Aisle Temp, ºF 75ºF 75ºF
Notes:1. Raising return air temp increases economizer hours and increases
CRAH capacity and efficiency2. Increasing water temperature increases water-side economizer
hours3. Increasing water rise increases chiller efficiency
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Water-side economizer
Water temperature = outdoor wetbulb + approach
Example 1:45ºF degrees water needed for full cooling10ºF degrees approach35ºF degrees outdoor wetbulb
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Water-side economizer
Water temperature = outdoor wetbulb + approach
Example 2:55ºF degrees water needed for full cooling10ºF degrees approach45ºF degrees outdoor wetbulb
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Water-side economizer
Water temperature = outdoor wetbulb + approach
55ºF leaving the chiller (entering CRAH unit)
70ºF entering the chiller10ºF degrees approachPartial free-cooling available at 60ºF,down to 45ºF degrees outdoor wetbulb
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Atlanta weather profile(Wet bulb data)
Outdoor Ambient Wet Bulb- F
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Water-side economizer45 F ewt, 10 F TD100% @ 11.1% hoursPartial @ 13.7% hours
Full PartialAnnu
al H
ours
of O
ccur
renc
e -H
rs
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Atlanta weather profile(Wet bulb data)
Annu
al H
ours
of O
ccur
renc
e -H
rs
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Full Partial
Water-side economizer55 F ewt, 15 F TD100% @ 24.7% hoursPartial @ 24.6% hours
Outdoor Ambient Wet Bulb- F
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New York City weather profile(Wet bulb data)
Annu
al H
ours
of O
ccur
renc
e -H
rs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Water-side economizer@ 45 F EWT, 10 F TD
100% @ 22.7% hoursPartial @ 19.0% hours
Full1985 hrs
Partial1663 hrs
Outdoor Ambient Wet Bulb- F
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New York City weather profile(Wet bulb data)
Annu
al H
ours
of O
ccur
renc
e -H
rs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Partial818 hrs
Water-side economizer@ 55 F EWT, 15 F TD
100% @ 41.6% hoursPartial @ 9.3% hours
Full3648 hrs
Outdoor Ambient Wet Bulb- F
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Energy reductions
• Fan Energy Reduction– ~ 50% reduction due to variable speed EC fans
• Pump Energy– Less water flow– Less system pressure drop– ~ 50% reduction in pumping power required
• Chiller Efficiency Increases– ~ 30% chiller energy savings with higher water temperatures
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ASHRAE recommendations
TC 9.9 Committee
• Minimum dewpoint = 41.9ºF• Maximum dewpoint = 59ºF
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Air economizer operating window weather profile (psychrometric data)
Outdoor Ambient Dry Bulb - F
Abso
lute
Hum
idity
-lb
s / l
bs
100 % RH
ASHRAEWindow
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
32 37 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 82 87
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Air economizer operating windowweather profile (psychrometric data)
Outdoor Ambient Dry Bulb - F
Abso
lute
Hum
idity
-lb
s / l
bs
100 % RH
ASHRAEWindow
Partial
CRAH leaving air ~65FCRAH entering air ~ 82F
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Air economizer operating windowweather profile (psychrometric data)
Outdoor Ambient Dry Bulb - F
Abso
lute
Hum
idity
-lb
s / l
bs
100 % RH
ASHRAEWindow
Partial
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Air economizer operating windowweather profile (psychrometric data)
Outdoor Ambient Dry Bulb - F
Abso
lute
Hum
idity
-lb
s / l
bs
100 % RH
ASHRAEWindow
Partial
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Air economizer operating windowweather profile (psychrometric data)
Outdoor Ambient Dry Bulb - F
Abso
lute
Hum
idity
-lb
s / l
bs
100 % RH
ASHRAEWindow
Partial
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Total energy example: Chicago
Traditional OptimizedWater
EconomizerAir
Economizer
Total kwHRS 6,457,013 4,331,311 2,655,259 3,701,215
-32.9% -58.9% -42.7%
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Air economizer strategies
Room return-air mode Outside air mode
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Economizers for data centers
Air-Side• Pros
– Best in moderate climates– Initial capital cost
• Cons– Ductwork required to get air to
the space– Humidity control can be a
challenge - costly– Dust and pollen sensors are
required to minimize filter maintenance
– Hard to implement in “high density” applications
– Mildew minimization actions required
Water-Side• Pros
– Can be used in any climate– Service requirements and
complexities greatly reduced• Cons
– Series indirect piping and control more complex
– Initial capital costs
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Example economizer layout
• Mixing box per CRAC unit– 0 – 10 v independent control
dampers– We will entertain controlling mixing
boxes by others.
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Air economizer standard region of operationAir economizer standard region of operation
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IT OEM (server manufacturer) concerns with outside air economizers
• The impact of high humidity• The impact of low dew point• The impact of contamination – particulate and / or
gaseous.– Published ASHRAE whitepaper, “Gaseous and Particulate
Contamination Guidelines for Data Centers”• Many of the failure modes would be additive over time,
not instantaneous
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IT OEM concerns
• The impact of high humidity– Above 55% RH the impact of air borne salt becomes measurable– This failure mode is additive over time
• Impact of low humidity– Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can damage hardware– A hard drive or tape drive may generate electrostatic discharges
when the dew point is below 5 deg C (41F)
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IT OEM concerns
• The impact of contamination – particulate and / or gaseous.– Particulate contamination is solvable via filtration - MERV 13 – Gaseous contamination is very costly to filter
• The gaseous contamination should be within the modified ANSI/ISA-71.04-1985 severity level G1 for copper and silver corrosion of less than 300C/30days
• Failure modes – Copper creep corrosion on RoHS-compliant circuit boards and
the corrosion of silver metallization in miniature surface mounted components• This failure mode is additive over time
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Customizing CRAH performance
• Coils w/ higher ΔT / lower GPM– Coils can be customized for lower flow rates– Optimizing chiller can result in trade-offs
• Designed for higher EAT (> 85 F)– Standard rating point 75 F– High SHR
• High efficiency filtration (> 30%)– Offering with MERV 11 (65%) & MERV 13 (85%) and pre-filters– Upflow units can provide up to 2” external static
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Bay Area Internet Solutions Delivers Efficiency Without Compromise
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Q & A
Ron SpanglerSenior Project ManagerLiebert Precision CoolingEmerson Network [email protected]
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Thanks for joining us!
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