dan o. popa, freshman seminar spring 2015 ee 1105 : introduction to ee freshman seminar lab-lecture:...

Dan O. Popa, Freshman Seminar Spring 2015

EE 1105: Introduction to EEFreshman Seminar

Lab-Lecture: Op Amp Circuits, Embedded Computing


Binary Counting

Base 2 vs Base 10

How many fingers do you have?(probably 10)

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9….

10…!

But, wait! It’s not a single digit representing “ten”!!!

“1 – ten and 0 – ones”


Binary CountingDigits…

You can count on your

fingers in Base 10…


Binary CountingBase 2


Binary CountingBase 2… cont’d

Finger Counting


Binary CountingBase 2… cont’d

Why is this important?

All modern computing is done in Binary!

To learn more, including how to easily convert between Base 2 and base 10:

http://www.purplemath.com/modules/numbbase.htm

There are other “bases” too, Base 16, Base 20… all important


Binary CountingBase 2… in Hardware?

But Binary Numbers Can be Thought of as On/ Off Switches in hardware…

1/ 0 … On/ Off

Like a row of light switches!


TransistorsWater Analogy


TransistorsWater analogy cont’d…BJT!

Bipolar Junction TransistorA bipolar junction transistor (BJT or bipolar transistor) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of semiconductor for its operation. BJTs can be used as amplifiers, switches, or in oscillators. Two main types: NPN and PNP


TransistorsWater analogy cont’d…BJT!

BJTs are variable valves!By changing the “pressure” to the Base… you can change the “flow” from the Emitter to the CollectorLike turning “up” the knob on the water hose!

Changing VEB changes IC

small changes in VEB = large

changes in IC


TransistorsIn Practice

BJTs can be combined to make

… StuffBy combining BJTs you can create

Switches Op-Amps Oscillators Inverters


Transistor use: Digital Inverter


The Operational AmplifierThe op amp is built using VLSI techniques. The circuit

diagram of an LM 741 from TI is

shown below.

Vcc+

Vcc-

Vo

Vn(-)

Taken from TI data sheet as shown on the web.

Vp(+)


i n ve r t i n g i n p u t

n o n i n ve r t i n g i n p u to u t p u t

V -

V +

The basic op amp with supply voltage included is shown in the diagram below.

The Operational Amplifier

V 1

V 2

_

+

V d R i

R o

A V d

V o


Op-Amp

• Rules of Op-Amps– Voltage supplied at “+” appears at “-”– No current applied to inputs– Has “infinite” gain… in no feedback

configuration


Op-AmpInverting Op-Amp

If Rf = Ri Then AV = Vout = -Vin


Ideal Op-Amp


Feedback Connection


Op-Amp Circuits


Op-Amp CircuitsIntegrator Circuit

Vout either ground or smaller than rail

Vin between ground and Vout


D/A and A/D conversion


Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)

n=4, G=-0.5


Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)and the Process of Sampling


Analog to Digital Converter using a DAC


Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)Sample and Hold Circuit


Texas Instruments MSP430 LaunchPad

• The LaunchPad development board features:

– 14-/20-pin DIP (N) socket – Built-in flash emulation for

debugging and programming – 2 programmable LEDs – 1 power LED – 1 programmable button – 1 reset button

• Includes one mini USB cable to interface with a PC.

• MSP430G2553IN20 – 16kB Flash, 512B RAM, interruptible GPIOs (capacitive sense-capable), 16-bit timers, 8ch 10-bit ADC, Comparator, Serial Communication (USCI – I2C, SPI & UART) & more

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Programming Constructs

Data Types-Primitives (Integer, Float, etc)-Const, Var, Pointer-Complex (Lists, arrays, etc.)-Register values (tied to hardware)-Timer (clocks, tied to hardware)

Operations on data-+, - , =, etc.

Control Statements

- If, case (conditional)

- While, For (loops)

Function calls-User defined-Main ()-MSP 430 specific: ex. ConfigureADC


TI’s Embedded Processor PortfolioMicrocontrollers (MCU) Application (MPU)

MSP430 C2000 Tiva Hercules Sitara DSP Multicore16-bit 32-bit 32-bit 32-bit 32-bit 16/32-bit 32-bit

Ultra Low Power & Cost Real-time All-around

MCU Safety LinuxAndroid

All-around DSP

Massive Performance

MSP430 ULP RISC

MCU

• Real-time C28x MCU

• ARM M3+C28

ARM

Cortex-M3Cortex-M4F

ARM

Cortex-M3 Cortex-R4

ARM

Cortex-A8Cortex-A9

DSPC5000C6000

• C66 + C66• A15 + C66• A8 + C64• ARM9 + C674

• Low Pwr Mode0.1 µA0.5 µA (RTC)

• Analog I/F• RF430

• Motor Control• Digital Power• Precision

Timers/PWM

• 32-bit Float• Nested Vector

Int Ctrl (NVIC)• Ethernet

(MAC+PHY)

• Lock step Dual-core R4

• ECC Memory• SIL3 Certified

• $5 Linux CPU• 3D Graphics• PRU-ICSS

industrial subsys

• C5000 Low Power DSP

• 32-bit fix/float C6000 DSP

• Fix or Float• Up to 12 cores

4 A15 + 8 C66x• DSP MMAC’s:

352,000

TI RTOS(SYS/BIOS)

TI RTOS(SYS/BIOS)

TI RTOS(SYS/BIOS)

N/ALinux, Android,

SYS/BIOSC5x: DSP/BIOSC6x: SYS/BIOS

LinuxSYS/BIOS

Flash: 512KFRAM: 64K

512KFlash

512KFlash

256K to 3MFlash

L1: 32K x 2L2: 256K

L1: 32K x 2L2: 256K

L1: 32K x 2L2: 1M + 4M

25 MHz 300 MHz 80 MHz 220 MHz 1.35 GHz 800 MHz 1.4 GHz

$0.25 to$9.00

$1.85 to$20.00

$1.00 to$8.00

$5.00 to$30.00

$5.00 to$25.00

$2.00 to $25.00

$30.00 to $225.00


Next week, robotics and control

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dan o. popa, freshman seminar spring 2015 ee 1105 : introduction to ee freshman seminar lab-lecture:...

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