dairy workers guide
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A gude for mgran dary farm workers
Living and working on a
New Zealand dairy farm
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How can hs gude help me?
The New Zealand dairy sector values migrant workers. No
matter how long you stay in New Zealand, it is important that
you enjoy your time working here.
It can take time to adjust to living and working in a new country.
It is also important to have the information and support you
and your family needs, even if you are here on a temporary visa.
This guide is to help you prepare for your new life working on a
New Zealand dairy farm. You will have a lot to learn about yournew job and how things are done in this country.
Farming in New Zealand will probably be different from what
you are used to. New Zealand farms are large and can be in
areas where not many people live. You will also have to deal
with the challenges of living in a new culture (often called
culture shock), speaking and understanding New Zealand
English, making new friends, and becoming a part of your new
community.
Even if you are already living and working in New Zealand, this
guide contains helpful advice about getting the best out of your
time here and what help is available for you and your family.
ISBN 978-0-478-39113-8
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Conens
How can this guide help me? .................................................................i
Whats in the guide? ............................................................................... 2
What is it like working on a New Zealand dairy farm? ................ 3
New Zealand employment law ............................................................. 9
Make sure you keep yourself safe ...................................................11
What is it like to live on a New Zealand dairy farm? ................. 12
How much do things cost in New Zealand? .................................. 15
Will your family come too? ..................................................................17
What about my English language skills? ........................................ 18
Does everyone work like New Zealanders? .................................. 21
What other things do I need to know?...........................................22
Support for you in New Zealand ......................................................24
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Whas n he gude?
There is inormation about:
working on a New Zealand dairy arm living on a New Zealand dairy arm
the cost o living in New Zealand
bringing amily to New Zealand
language on the arm
New Zealand arm culture
how New Zealanders work
good places to fnd more inormation.
Tips
Find as much information as you can about your new job, New Zealand
and the settlement process before you migrate. A good place to start
is the Immigration New Zealand website at www.immigration.govt.nz
and click on settlement services.
Your move to New Zealand is probably temporary. Many migrant dairy
farm workers come to New Zealand hoping they and their families will
be able to become New Zealand residents and stay in this country
permanently. This can lead to a disappointment because gaining
residence can be difcult for dairy farm workers.
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Wha s lke workng on a
New Zealand dary farm?
Milk is big business in New Zealand and it is New Zealands top
export earner. There are 4.4 million dairy cows in New Zealand:
that is the same as the number of people living in New Zealand.
The average dairy farm has 380 cows, but many farms are a lot
bigger and quite a lot of farms now have more than 1,500 cows.
If you are thinking about working on a dairy farm, here are somethings you need to know.
You need to be good with animals and more
As well as milking cows, you will have to make hay and silage, lay drains, build
and mend fences, sow grass and crops, x mechanical equipment, safely
and skilfully handle powerful machines, and drive motorbikes and quad bikes,
do welding and engineering, help cows give birth, test soil, and much more.
It requires a lot of hard work, skills, intelligence, and common sense.
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Your attitude is really important
Dairy farmers are looking for people who are keen to learn new things andwho have a can-do attitude (willing to try new and different types of work).
On a small farm you will work alongside the farm owner, and on a bigger
farm you will work as part of a team.
At the start there will be someone to supervise you while you gain skills
and work experience. Once you have been on the farm for a while, you will
be expected to make work decisions yourself, and to be able to work on
your own without being told what to do.
Early morning starts
You will be getting out of bed very early in the morning, because farms
start milking by 5am. Most farms will also milk the cows in the afternoon
around 3pm.
During the busy times of the year, like calving, you will be working longer hours.
Your employment agreement should give you a good idea of the hours youwill work and the breaks you are legally entitled to.
Dairy farming can be
hard work and its not
for everyone.
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Looking ater yoursel
As well as looking after cows, you also need to look after yourself. One
big difference especially if you come from a tropical country is New
Zealands weather. It can be difcult to get used to our cool and wet
climate. Take a close look at the table on page 7 to help you understand
how the weather changes over the year. That table also tells you about
how the types of work done on a farm change over the year.
It is very important to keep warm. Warm clothing and lots of layers
of clothing are essential. Wear the right materials, such as wool,
polypropylene, and waterproof clothing. Do not wear cotton in winter. This
is because when cotton gets wet, it stays wet for a long time, making you
cold. Eat warm meals to give you the energy you need for work, and getplenty of rest so that you can do a good job.
Your employer needs to provide protective clothing and equipment for
you. This includes wet weather gear and gumboots.
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Working outdoors all year
Most dairy farms are in the countryside and the cows live outside all year.
So, whatever the weather is like you will have to work outside all year too.
New Zealands climate might be quite different to what you are used to. Itis seasonal with a distinct summer and winter, and because we are in the
southern hemisphere our summer is between December and February and
our winter is between June and August.
The weather can be very different in different parts of the country.
The northern regions are generally warmer than the southern regions.
Temperatures can also depend on whether you are near the mountains
(where it tends to be colder) or near the sea (where it tends to bewarmer). New Zealand weather can also change very quickly, meaning you
need to be prepared for any weather changes when you leave the house in
the morning.
I found the cold a big shock.
In the winter it can be
like living in a freezer!
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A year on a dairy arm
Weather Looking ater yoursel Work
WiNt June August
Usually the wettest season. Itcan also be very cold with frost,snow and ice. Temperaturesnormally range from 5-15 C(41-59 F) during the day. Coldwinds can make it feel muchcolder. In the middle of winterthere are only 9 10 hours ofsunlight a day.
Wear layers of clothing.Wear clothes made outof materials such aswool, polypropylene, andwaterproof clothing. Dontwear cotton - once it is wetit stays wet for a long time,making you cold. Wearing awool hat helps to conservebody heat. Eat warm meals to
give you the energy you need.
July September iscalving time. Its a busytime and because it getscold, looking after thecows and their calves isvery important.
SiN September November
The temperatures start gettingwarmer and the grass starts togrow fast. There is still plentyof rain.
Although the mornings canstill be cold, the days canget quite warm. It is bestto wear layers of clothingthat can be removed as itwarms up.
October December isthe time when the cowsare giving the most milk.It is also the time whenmating and articialbreeding (AB) starts, thegrass is turned into hay
or silage, and turnips areplanted for the cows toeat later in the season.
S December - February
It gets warmer - from 20-30 C(68-86 F) in the day. It normallyrains less. The sun can be verystrong and can make your skinburn within l0 minutes. The sun is
hottest between 11am and 4pm.In mid summer there is 15 - 16hours of sunlight in the day.
The New Zealand sun canburn your skin in 10 minutesso it is very importantto wear sunscreen andlipbalm (SPF 30+) and wear
sunglasses and a sun hat.Try to wear light clothingthat covers your skin.
In summer the milkingcontinues, as doactivities such as makinghay, caring for theanimals, and planting
crops.
AtN March May
Temperatures start to getcooler and there is plenty ofrain.
Although the mornings canstill be cold, the days canget quite warm. It is best towear layers of clothing.
April May is when milkingstops (dry-off). A timefor repairs to fencing,drainage, irrigationsystems, and equipment.
Trees may be planted.
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Contact the Agriculture Industry Training Organisation (AgITO) on
0800 691 111 or take a look at their website at www.agito.ac.nz
for more information about any of your training needs.
They offer:
a National Certicate in Agriculture (General Skills) Level 2
programmes in dealing with Dairy Farm Efuent
Milk Quality Stage One (Milk Harvester)
Tips from migrants
get as much information as you can
before you come
be ready for long busy days
you will need to learn a lot very quickly.
We had to learn to safely drive tractors,
motorbikes, and quad bikes as well as
learn to build fences, understand animal
behaviour, how to grow the best grass,
and much, much more
speak to your employer if you think youneed more training in any aspect of your
work learning new skills and knowledge
is important in this industry, so ask about
attending farm courses and training.
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New Zealand employmen law
You are protected by the minimum entitlements in law.
You are entitled to a current written employment agreement, signed by your
employer and by you and a copy o the agreement or you to keep. An employment
agreement records the terms and conditions o your work with your boss.
Annual holidays
You are entitled to at least four weeks of paid annual holidays once you
have completed a year of employment. You can take at least two weeks
together if you want. You cannot be forced to cash up any leave. If your
employment is for less than one year you are entitled to be paid holiday
pay at the end of your employment calculated at 8% of your gross
earnings (that is your total income before any tax is taken or other
adjustment made).
If you have a xed-term employment agreement of less than a year you
can agree to have 8% of your gross earnings added to your regular pay
instead of receiving it when you end your employment or take holidays.
Public holidays
In addition to annual holidays, you are also entitled to public holidays.
Where a public holiday falls on a day you would normally work you are
entitled to have the day off work and be paid as if you had worked it. If
you work on a public holiday you are entitled to receive time-and-a-half
for the hours you work and if the public holiday you work on is a day you
would normally work then you are also entitled to another day off on pay.
New Zealand public holidays are:
Christmas Day 25 December
Boxing Day 26 December
New Years Day & the day after 1 and 2 January
Waitangi Day 6 February
Good Friday & Easter Monday Dates change each year
ANZAC Day 25 April
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Queens Birthday First Monday in June
Labour Day Fourth Monday in October
Provincial Anniversary Day Different provinces have public holidays on different dates
Sick leave
You are entitled to ve days paid sick leave each year after six months
continuous employment. Sick leave can be used when you are sick or
injured and also when your spouse or partner, or a person who depends on
you for care (such as a child or elderly parent) is sick or injured. If you are
sick before you have worked for six months you can ask your employer if
you can use some of your annual leave or take unpaid leave.
Bereavement leave
After six months employment you are entitled to leave if someone close
to you dies. If the person is your spouse, child, brother or sister, mother
or father, grandparent, grandchild, or parent of your spouse you are
entitled to three days leave. For other bereavements you may be entitled
to one days leave.
Wages no less than the minimum wage
The adult minimum wage rates apply for employees aged 16 or over. They
are reviewed every year. Go to www.dol.govt.nz/er/pay/minimumwage to
see the current minimum wage rates.
Deductions
In general, money cannot be deducted from your pay unless you agree to
it, in writing, although some deductions (like PAYE tax) are required by lawand do not require written consent.
Immigration New Zealand has also produced a guide to work and work rights in
New Zealand that you can nd online atwww.immigration.govt.nz/workrights.
If you have questions or need more information on employment relations, pay,
holidays, and health and safety go to the Department of Labours website
www.dol.govt.nz or contact the Department of Labours contact centre on
0800 20 90 20. Ask for Language Line if you want an interpreter.
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ake sure you keep yourself safeYour employer must provide you with a safe workplace with the right
training, supervision, and equipment. There are many hazards on the farm
and injuries are commonly caused by: animals
accidents on vehicles, such as quad bikes, motorbikes, and tractors
lifting heavy objects
slips, trips and falls, often around the dairy milking shed.
When you start work, your employer must tell you what to do in an
emergency (such as a re or chemical spill) and where emergency
equipment and/or rst aid kits are kept. Your employer must also tell you
how to report any hazard, accident or near miss.
If you dont have enough information, training or knowledge to carry out a
task, tell your employer.
The law also says you must do all you can to be sae when working.
For example, your employer must give you training to ride a quad bike
safely and you must wear a safety helmet. Employers and workers maybe prosecuted if there is an accident and the law has not been followed.
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Wha s lke o lve on a New
Zealand dary farm?
Most workers live on the farm in accommodation provided by theiremployer. This often means your family and home life, your social life and
your work life are mixed together.
Your employer must provide you with accommodation that is in good
repair, comfortable, warm, well-equipped, and suitable for the number of
people living in it.
Most houses for rent in New Zealand are unfurnished but your employer
might provide some furniture and equipment for your house on the farm.Its a good idea to check what will be provided before you leave for New
Zealand. You may have to buy:
curtains
beds, tables, chairs, sofa
pots and pans, plates, dishes, mugs, cutlery
bed sheets, towels, blankets or quilts, pillows cleaning equipment, vacuum cleaner, broom, mop
television, computer, internet access
Sometimes accommodation is shared with other workers and their
families. Check with your employer before so you know what to expect
before you arrive.
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Can you legally drive in NZ?
You need a current driving licence from your home country to drive in
New Zealand.
You may also need an international driving permit or a translation of yourlicence if its not written in English.
If you are in New Zealand for more than a year, you need to get a New
Zealand driver licence (you may need to take a written and a practical
test).
If your overseas licence is still current or expired less than 12 months ago
you can apply to convert it to a New Zealand licence.
Your vehicle also needs to be safe and have a current warrant of tness.
Tips or driving in New Zealand
New Zealand road rules and driving behaviours may be different to those
in your home country. For example:
We drive on the left side of
the road.
We have hilly, narrow and
windy roads that mean your
journey can take longer than
you expect.
We have a lot of country
roads that are made of
gravel (unsealed). You must carry your driver
licence on you at all times. If
your licence is not in English,
you must carry a translation
from an approved translator.
Seat belts and child
restraints are compulsory.
Find out more about driving in New Zealand on this website:www.nzta.govt.nz/licence/index.html
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How much do hngs cos n
New Zealand?
COST OF LIVINGMany migrants are not sure what they need to buy and some people nd
things quite expensive relative to their pay.
Rent for your accommodation will probably be deducted from your wages
as agreed in your employment agreement. You may also need to buy some
furniture and equipment for your house if they are not provided by your
employer. Out of your wages you will need to pay for:
food
heating and electricity for your
house
telephone bill, internet, mobile
phone top-up.
clothing
visits to doctors
insurance
(health, car, contents, travel)
transport and petrol
entertainment
immigration costs for you and
family members
sending money to your family in
your home country.
To give you an idea of how much things
cost in New Zealand, have a look on the
next page which shows the price of
some standard items.
HEALTH CAE
You may not be eligible for publicly
funded health care in New Zealand. To
see if you are eligible visit the Ministryof Health website
www.moh.govt.nz/eligibility.
The New Zealand Government strongly
recommends that people in New
Zealand who are not eligible for publicly
funded health services need to have
comprehensive travel insurance, including
health insurance.
ACCIDENTS
However, if you get
injured you can apply
for help from theAccident Compensation
Corporation (ACC).
It does not matter whether the injury
happened at work, during sport or
recreation, at home or on the road or if
you or someone else caused the accident.
Because of the wide range of help
available from ACC after an injury, you
cannot sue for personal injury in NewZealand. For more information about who
and what is covered, visit www.acc.co.nz.
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$18
MOVIE TICKET
$2.11
(varies
)
1 LITRE PETROL
$5.20
BIG MAC
FREE
WATER FROM A TAPFREE AND DRINKABLE!
ADIVISIONOFGENERALDISTRIBUTORSLT
D
WELCOMETOWOOLWORTHSANDERSONSB
AY
TAXINVOICEGSTINCLUSIVE
BANANAS 1kG2.70
BEEFSTEAkpORTERHOUSE 1kG 26
.14
pORkLOINCHOpS1kG 16
.55
BREADWHITESLICEDLOAF 700G 2
.03
BISCUITSCHOCOLATE 200G 3
.17
RICELONGGRAIN,WHITE 1kG 2
.50
MILk 2LITRES3.67
EGGS DOzEN
3.43
SUGAR 1.5kG3.13
pOTATOCRISpS 190G 2.
63
INSTANTCOFFEE 100G 6
.32
SOFTDRINk 1.5LITRES 2
.47
BEERBOTTLES 1DOzEN 20
.15
CIGARETTES pkOF25 16
.39
SOCkSMENS pAIR 10
.46
CLOTHESWASHINGpOWDER 1kG 3
.84
BATHROOMSOAp pACkOF4 3.97
TOILETpApER 4ROLLS 3
.11
BALANCEDUE103.82
THANkSFORSHOppINGATWOOLWORTHS
TRADINGHOURSMONDAY-SUNDAY7AM-10
pM
HAVEANICEDAY
Prices current at June 2011
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Tips
Always askquestionsif you dont
understand.
Look foropportunitiesto speak English at work andoutside work.The more youspeak Englishthe easier it willbe for others tounderstand you.
Wha abou my nglsh language
sklls?
Listening:New Zealanders have an unusual English accent and can speak very fast.
They often use informal language and a lot of slang. You may also hear
swearing and shouting on the farm. Dont be upset by this. It is very
common and not usually said as a personal insult. Many New Zealanders
have a direct and frank way of speaking.
Ask your workmates to slow down and repeat or explain any words you dont
understand. You will soon nd it much easier to follow what they are saying.
To check that you have understood, repeat instructions back to the
speaker. For example:
So I move those cows into that next-door paddock, correct?
Speaking:
Sometimes, when you rst start working with your new work colleagues, they
may nd the way you speak (your accent) a little hard to understand. You can
help them by speaking slowly, and making longer pauses between sentences.
We got active in our local
community. We improved ourEnglish and made lots of newKiwi friends!
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FARM JARGON
Here are some examples of some new words that you might hear on a NewZealand farm.
AB Articial Breeding (articial insemination)
Bike Refers usually to four-wheeler motorbike (quad bike)
Bobby calves Young calves sold for slaughter
Clover Common pasture plant eaten by cows
Cocky Farmer
Colostrum Cows rst milk - the rst 2-3 days after calving.
Condition scoreCondition of stock, particularly important before mating
and during and after pregnancy
Crook To be sick or poorly
Cross-breedsNew Zealand-style cross between Fresians and Jersey
dairy breeds
Cups Suction mechanisms on milking machines
Going to thedairy
The corner store or shop that sells milk, bread,newspapers, and groceries is known as a dairy.
Dirt road An unsealed road (also gravel road or metal road)
Drench Liquid medication given to animals
Euent Liquid animal waste
Forecast Future prediction e.g. for the weather
Grass basedsystem
Dairy farm relying largely on pastures for feed, with verylittle supplementary feed
Hairy Young dairy farm worker
Hard yakka Hard work
HeierYoung female cattle
(from birth until they become adult cows)
Herringboneshed
Automatic milking shed where cows stand in two rows on
either side of a pit from where the farm workers put on
cups
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High input
system
Dairy farm using substantial supplementary feed in
addition to the grass grown on farm
In-cal Pregnant
Irrigation System for providing water to crops or pasture
Mastitis Inammation of the udder/teats in a milking cow
Milk solidsThe solid components of milk (fats and proteins) which are
used to calculate payment. Measured in kilograms (kgs)
Pasture cover Amount of feed/grass in the paddock
Plate meter Device to measure grass cover on the farm
Post and batten Fence made of wooden posts with smaller supportingwooden battens in between the posts
RacesFenced walkways so that stock can be moved easily around
the farm
Rotary shedAutomatic milking shed where cows stand on a rotating
platform
SilageDecomposed grass, stored in plastic covered bales or
stacks that is fed to animals
SmokoA short break from work, a rest period (also known as
morning tea/afternoon tea)
Tape Tape for electric fence that divides paddocks
The shed Usually the milking shed if on a dairy farm
Two-wheeler A two-wheel motorbike
Ute Vehicle with a at platform
Windbreak Trees or fencing to stop the wind
Water trough Large container for drinking water for animals
Young stock Replacement heifers (cows)
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Does everyone work lke
New Zealanders?Everyone works in different ways. You will need to get used to the way
New Zealanders work. You may also have to work with people from other
countries. But rst, think about how you work.
Here are some things people from different cultures say about the way
they work. Which of these statements would you say?
Which of these statements do you think a New Zealander would say?A New Zealander would be more likely to say the statements in these
colours:
I show respect bynot looking theboss in the eye.
I like to know exactlywhat I have to do andthat my job is secure.I will work hard andstick by my employer.
I am usually quietin meetings until Iam asked to speak.
I like to call everyone bytheir rst name. I expectto be consulted and
want things to be fair.
I think its rudeto ask the boss
questions.
I like to know whos incharge and who the bigboss is. I dont usually callpeople who are older ormore senior than me bytheir rst name.
I often ask directquestions as I like toget things right.
I like to know exactlywhat the rules are andI will stick to them andget the job done.I dont like surprises.
I use quite a bit ofslang when I speak andoften make suggestionswithout being asked.
I dont like beingtold what to doall the time.
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Wha oher hngs do i need o know?
Beore accepting a job oer think about the ollowing:
Do you have a written job description that accurately describes the jobyou are being employed to do?
Do you know whether the employer has a good reputation for looking
after their staff and being fair?
Does the accommodation you will be living in meet the needs of you and
your family?
~ Who will you be sharing with?
~ What furniture and appliances are provided?
~ What heating does it have? Having a heat pump or a solid fuel burner
will save you money.
Do you know what hours and which days of the week you will be working?
Will you have enough time off to do the other things you and your family
would like to do while you are in New Zealand?
Is the pay going to be enough to meet your own living costs as well as
sending money home, if that is what you intend to do?
Visas
The conditions of your visa specify your position, employer, and location
of employment. As a temporary worker you can only work within the
conditions of your visa.
If you would like to change employers you will need to reapply for a
new work visa before you start any new job. You should approach your
nearest Immigration New Zealand branch if you want to change any of
the conditions stated on your visa. If you change jobs, your employer
must also advise Immigration New Zealand.
No one is allowed to threaten you if you change jobs. Nor is anyone
allowed to keep your passport or your personal documents.
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Settlement Support throughout New Zealand
Settlement Support New Zealand (SSNZ)
SSNZ is funded by Immigration New Zealand to provide a rst point of
contact for new migrants and for employers of new migrants.SSNZ coordinators can give links to local information and services that
help with settling in New Zealand and in the workplace. They provide local
information about:
Community groups
Education and training
Finding work
Learning English
Health
Housing
Recreation
Transport
Visit the website: www.ssnz.govt.nz for more information.
Call 0800 SSNZ4U (0800 776 948) and ask for settlement support. You
will be connected to your nearest SSNZ ofce.
Newcomers Networks
Newcomers Networks are local social networks set up to help anyone
settle into a new community. This includes migrants from other countriesand newcomers from other parts of New Zealand. The Networks use a
national website to provide information about activities and events in
different locations throughout the country. They are an easy way for
newcomers to tap into local activities and to meet up with locals and
others who are new to the area. Newcomers Networks are about meeting
people and having fun!
Contact us: Email: [email protected] / Phone: 03 539 0565Website: www.newcomers.co.nz
Settling In
Settling In is a community development programme that works directly
with refugee and migrant communities to help them nd solutions to
meet their own needs.
Settling In is part of Family and Community Services (Ministry of SocialDevelopment) and funds local services in various parts of New Zealand.
Email: Brigid Ryan, [email protected] / Phone: 029 650 2044
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis guide was collaboratively developed by the following organisations:
A COPY OF THIS GUIDE IS AVAILABLE IN OTHER LANGUAGES AT
www.ssnz.govt.nz/dairyarming
http://www.ssnz.govt.nz/dairyfarming/http://www.ssnz.govt.nz/dairyfarming/