Dairy IndustryDairy IndustryAn Overview of the Dairy Industry in An Overview of the Dairy Industry in

GeorgiaGeorgia

Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office

Dr. Frank Flanders and Scott RegisterApril 2006

ObjectivesObjectives

Students will be able to:Students will be able to: Explain the importance of the dairy industry Explain the importance of the dairy industry

in Georgia.in Georgia. Name 4 dairy products.Name 4 dairy products. Name 3 or more of the 6 major dairy breeds. Name 3 or more of the 6 major dairy breeds. State key facts about each breed.State key facts about each breed. Name the top three dairy producing Name the top three dairy producing

counties.counties. Rank the Dairy Industry compared to other Rank the Dairy Industry compared to other

Georgia agricultural commodities.Georgia agricultural commodities. Rank Georgia with other states in dairy Rank Georgia with other states in dairy

production.production.

Why is the dairy industry important?

Dairy products comprise a major part of our diet.

The average American consumes about 66 gallons of milk per year. This includes not only drinking milk but also products that use milk.

Milk production in Georgia totaled 1.47 billion pounds from 660 dairy farms in 2002. Production is steadily increasing each year.

Georgia currently has over 84,000 dairy cows.

Dairy ProductsDairy ProductsThere are over 30 main types of dairy products.

However, dairy products are a part of almost all recipes and foods.

Most common categories are:

Milk Yogurt

Cheese Ice Creams

Sour Cream Butter

Dairy Cow BreedsDairy Cow Breeds

There are 5 major dairy breedsThere are 5 major dairy breeds

HolsteinHolstein

Brown SwissBrown Swiss

JerseyJersey

GuernseyGuernsey

AyrshireAyrshire

Milking ShorthornMilking Shorthorn

HolsteinHolstein

Originated in Europe

Distinguished by their black and white markings (sometimes black and red, as a recessive gene)

On average 9 out of 10 dairy cows are Holstein

Produces the most milk per cow of all the breeds

This is the breed made more popular by Chick-fil-A® ads. They are not a beef breed, but the ads are clever and effective. However, a large portion of beef comes from

Holstein steers and past production cows.

Brown SwissBrown Swiss

Originated in Switzerland

Colors can range from nearly white to very dark brown

Most resilient breed, can withstand harsh elements

JerseyJersey

Originated in the Isle of Jersey, off the French coast

Second most popular breed to the Holstein

Smallest of all the dairy breeds

Milk contains the highest butterfat content

GuernseyGuernsey

Originated in Isle of Guernsey, in the English Channel

Their color is a shade of fawn with white markings

Consumes 20 to 30 percent less feed per pound of milk produced than larger dairy breeds

Total number of this breed is decreasing

Ayrshire Ayrshire

Originated in Ayr in Scotland

Their color varies from light to deep cherry red, mahogany, brown, or a combination of these colors with white. Some are all white.

Formerly used as dual-purpose breed for dairy and meat producers

Milking ShorthornMilking Shorthorn

Originated in Northeastern England in the Valley of the Tees River

Can range in colors from either red, red and white, white or roan

Most versatile of all breeds

Originally used for meat, later developed more for the milking industry

Dairy Producing Counties Dairy Producing Counties in Georgiain Georgia

In 2004 the counties with the most:

Head of dairy cattle

1 Macon9,000

2 Putnam 8,500

3 Morgan 6,200

4 Brooks6,000

5 Appling 4,500

6 Mitchell 3,820

7 Greene3,000

8 Burke2,800

9 Wilkes2,800

10 Jasper2,500

Average milk production per head of cattle – in pounds

1 Randolph 22,300

2 Laurens 22,125

3 Sumter22,100

4 Ware22,049

5 Cherokee 22,000

Georgia’s Commodity Georgia’s Commodity ValueValue

ItemRank by

sale Sales ($1000)Percent of total

sales

Poultry and eggs 1 2,780,214 56.6

Vegetables, melons, and potatoes 2 383,556 7.8

Cotton and cotton seed 3 318,013 6.5

Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture 4 315,324 6.4

Other crops and hay 5 246,936 5

Cattle and calves 6 240,070 4.9

Milk and other dairy products fromcows 7 212,720 4.3

Fruits, tree nuts and berries 8 122,151 2.5

Grains, oilseeds, dry beans, and drypeas 9 102,464 2.1

Tobacco 10 89,058 1.8

US Milk ProductionUS Milk Production

Top milk production statesTop milk production states

1 California

2 Wisconsin

3 New York

4 Pennsylvania

5 Idaho

Georgia ranks 25 in this ranking

Interesting FactsInteresting Facts It takes 2.5 gallons of milk to make one gallon of ice cream. It takes 2.5 gallons of milk to make one gallon of ice cream. It takes 10 gallons of milk to make one pound of cheese. It takes 10 gallons of milk to make one pound of cheese. It takes two gallons of water to create one gallon of milk.It takes two gallons of water to create one gallon of milk. 500 gallons of blood have to pass through the udder to produce 500 gallons of blood have to pass through the udder to produce

one gallon of milk.one gallon of milk. The average cow produces 6-8 gallons of milk per day. That The average cow produces 6-8 gallons of milk per day. That

is 96 to 128 glasses of milk per day.is 96 to 128 glasses of milk per day. You would have to eat 2.5 cups of broccoli or 1 cup of turnip You would have to eat 2.5 cups of broccoli or 1 cup of turnip

greens to equal the calcium in two servings of dairy products.greens to equal the calcium in two servings of dairy products.

AssessmentAssessment1. Name 4 dairy products. 1. Name 4 dairy products. 2. Which of the following is the most accurate about the number of dairy cattle2. Which of the following is the most accurate about the number of dairy cattle in Georgia?in Georgia?

A. 4,568A. 4,568 B. Over 1,000B. Over 1,000C. Over 84,000C. Over 84,000 D. Over 1,000,000D. Over 1,000,000

3. Name 3 of the 6 major dairy breeds.3. Name 3 of the 6 major dairy breeds.

4. Which is the most 4. Which is the most versatile dairy breed?dairy breed?

5. Which breed of dairy cattle are typically black and white?5. Which breed of dairy cattle are typically black and white?

6. Which breed of dairy cattle produces the most butterfat in their milk?6. Which breed of dairy cattle produces the most butterfat in their milk?A. Brown SwissA. Brown Swiss B. JerseyB. JerseyC. AyrshireC. Ayrshire D. HolsteinD. Holstein

Assessment ContinuedAssessment Continued

7. Name one of the top dairy counties in Georgia.7. Name one of the top dairy counties in Georgia.

8. Milk products rank _____ in Georgia’s total commodities 8. Milk products rank _____ in Georgia’s total commodities worth.worth.A. 4A. 4 B. 1B. 1C. 56C. 56 C. 7C. 7

9. What is Georgia’s ranking in the US for milk production?9. What is Georgia’s ranking in the US for milk production?A. 25A. 25 B. 2B. 2C. 10C. 10 C. 50C. 50

10. What state ranks number one in milk production?10. What state ranks number one in milk production?A. OhioA. Ohio B. KentuckyB. KentuckyC. WisconsinC. Wisconsin D. CaliforniaD. California

Quiz KeyQuiz Key

1. Milk, Yogurt, Cheese, Ice Cream, Sour 1. Milk, Yogurt, Cheese, Ice Cream, Sour Cream, Butter (and any other specifics)Cream, Butter (and any other specifics)

2. C. Over 84,0002. C. Over 84,000

3. Holstein, Brown Swiss, Jersey, 3. Holstein, Brown Swiss, Jersey, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Milking ShorthornGuernsey, Ayrshire, Milking Shorthorn

4. Milking Shorthorn4. Milking Shorthorn

5. Holstein5. Holstein

6. Jersey6. Jersey

Quiz Key ContinuedQuiz Key Continued

7. Macon, Putnam, Morgan, Brooks, 7. Macon, Putnam, Morgan, Brooks, and Appling are the top fiveand Appling are the top five

8. C. 78. C. 7

9. A. 259. A. 25

10. D. California10. D. California

ReferencesReferences

http://www.georgiastats.uga.edu/sasweb/cgi-bin/brokerhttp://www.georgiastats.uga.edu/sasweb/cgi-bin/broker http://www.georgiastats.uga.edu/sasweb/cgi-bin/brokerhttp://www.georgiastats.uga.edu/sasweb/cgi-bin/broker http://www.fmmacentral.com/PDFdata/msb200502.pdfhttp://www.fmmacentral.com/PDFdata/msb200502.pdf http://www.dailyping.com/archive/2000/05/28/http://www.dailyping.com/archive/2000/05/28/