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LAMPIRAN
14
Lampiran 1. Kuesioner Penelitian
KUESIONER
Kajian Pemulung di TPA Basirih
Nama pewawancara: Nomor:
Tanggal:
1. DATA PRIBADI
Nama : 1.1 ___________________________
Jenis kelamin : 1.2 Laki-laki Perempuan
Umur : 1.3 ___________________________
Status : 1.4 Menikah Belum menikah Janda/duda
Jumlah anggota keluarga di rumah : 1.5 _______________________
Pendidikan : 1.6 ___________________________
Asal daerah : 1.7 ___________________________
Jam kerja : 1.8 ___________________________
2. DESKRIPSI KEGIATAN PEKERJAAN
Sejak kapan memulung di TPA? 1.9
Kenapa memulung di TPA Basirih?Kenapa tidak di tempat lain? 1.10
Peralatan apa saja yang digunakan saat memungut sampah?
Alat pelindung diri apa yang digunakan saat memulung?
Apakah sering mengalami sakit ringan seperti batuk, flu, pusing, demam? ( YA / TIDAK)
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3. PEKERJAAN/PENDAPATAN
Apa pekerjaan utama anda? 2.1 Memungut sampah Yang lain
_____________________
Berapa pendapatan anda dari hasil memulung sampah (per minggu/per hari)? 2.3
Minggu ini/hari ini: ____________________Saat pendapatan baik: _________________
Minggu lalu/kemarin: ___________________Saat pendapatan rendah: _____________
Jenis/harga/berat dari sampah yang dikumpulkan: Tabel 2.5
Jenis sampah Harga Berat (dalam
gr/kg)
Kepada siapa
menjual
Plastik
Logam
Kertas
Kaca
Yang lain
Berapa jam dalam sehari anda bekerja? 2.6
Dari pukul ___________ sampai ___________
16
2. HUBUNGAN DENGAN LAPAK/PENGEPUL
Kepada siapa anda menjual sampah? 2.7
Nama dan alamat Sampah apa yang dijual? Seberapa sering?
Kenapa anda menjual kepada lapak tersebut? pernahkah anda mengganti lapak langganan
anda? 2.8
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Apakah setiap orang diperbolehkan untuk mengambil sampah di TPA ini? 2.9
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. TAMBAHAN
Kesulitan apa saja yang ditemui saat memulung di TPA? 3.2
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Bagaimana hubungan anda dengan pengelola TPA? 3.3
17
Lampiran 2. Hasil Dokumentasi Penelitian
Gambar 1. Kantor UPT TPA Basirih
Gambar 2. Aktivitas truk pengangkut TPA Basirih
18
Gambar 3. Zona aktif sampah
19
Gambar 4. Kondisi zona sampah yang sudah diurug dengan tanah
20
Gambar 5. Air lindi di TPA Basirih
21
Gambar 6. Proses penimbangan dan pemilahan untuk pengukuran komposisi sampah
22
Gambar 7. Jenis sampah kertas pada proses pengambilan sampel komposisi sampah
Gambar 8. Jenis sampah plastik HDPE pada proses pengambilan sampel komposisi
sampah
23
Gambar 9. Jenis sampah plastik PET pada proses pengambilan sampel komposisi sampah
Gambar 10. Jenis sampah organik dedaunan/sampah halaman (a) dan sampah sisa makanan
(b) pada proses pengambilan sampel komposisi sampah
a b
24
Gambar 11. Aktivitas pemulung di TPA Basirih
25
Gambar 12. Bangunan sederhana yang didirikan pemulung untuk berteduh
Gambar 13. Jenis kaleng dan kantong plastik yang dikumpulkan pemulung
26
Lampiran 3.
PERHITUNGAN RECOVERY RATE
Jumlah sampah per hari yang masuk ke TPA = 394.907 kg
Jumlah pemulung di TPA (berdasar data dinas kebersihan tahun 2014) = 170 orang
Rata-rata jumlah sampah yang diambil pemulung/hari :
Plastik (putihan dan kresek) = (32,2 kg + 27,7 kg) x 170 orang = 10.183 kg/hari
PET + HDPE = 16,1 kg x 170 orang = 2737 kg
Logam campuran = 3 kg x 170 orang = 510 kg
Karet = 20 kg x 28 orang (diasumsikan hanya 16 % pemulung yang mengambil karet) =
560 kg
Jenis material
Jumlah sampah yang
dapat dikurangi oleh
pemulung per hari
Jumlah sampah yang ada di
TPA berdasar persentase
komposisi
Recovery
rate
Plastik 10.183 kg 35699,6 kg 28,5%
PET dan HDPE 2737 kg 4462,45 kg 61,33%
Logam 510 kg 3633,1 kg 0,14%
Karet (sendal,
sepatu, jenis karet
lain)
560 kg 28.433,3 kg 2%
27
Lampiran 4.
PERHITUNGAN PERSENTASE REDUKSI
Jumlah sampah per hari yang masuk ke TPA = 394.907 kg
Jumlah sampah anorganik yang masuk ke TPA = 40% x 394.907 kg = 157.962 kg
Jumlah pemulung di TPA (berdasar data dinas kebersihan tahun 2014) = 170 orang
Rata-rata jumlah sampah yang diambil pemulung/hari :
Plastik (putihan dan kresek) = (32,2 kg + 27,7 kg) x 170 orang = 10.183 kg/hari
PET + HDPE = 16,1 kg x 170 orang = 2737 kg
Logam campuran = 3 kg x 170 orang = 510 kg
Karet = 20 kg x 28 orang (diasumsikan hanya 16 % pemulung yang mengambil karet) =
560 kg
PERHITUNGAN PERSENTASE REDUKSI
Jenis material
Jumlah sampah yang
dapat dikurangi oleh
pemulung per hari
Persentase reduksi
dibanding dengan
total sampah yang
masuk
Persentase reduksi
dibanding dengan
total sampah
anorganik yang
masuk
Plastik 10.183 kg 2,53% 6,45%
PET dan HDPE 2737 kg 0,69% 1,73%
Logam 510 kg 0,13% 0,32%
Karet (sendal,
sepatu, jenis karet
lain)
560 kg 0,14% 0,35%
28
Lampiran 5.
PERHITUNGAN POTENSI EKONOMI
Jumlah sampah per hari yang masuk ke TPA = 394.907 kg
Jumlah pemulung di TPA (berdasar data dinas kebersihan tahun 2014) = 170 orang
Rata-rata jumlah sampah yang diambil pemulung/hari :
Plastik (putihan dan kresek) = (32,2 kg + 27,7 kg) x 170 orang = 10.183 kg/hari
PET + HDPE = 16,1 kg x 170 orang = 2737 kg
Logam campuran = 3 kg x 170 orang = 510 kg
Karet = 20 kg x 28 orang (diasumsikan hanya 16 % pemulung yang mengambil karet) =
560 kg
Jenis material
Jumlah sampah yang
dapat dikurangi oleh
pemulung per hari
Nilai ekonomi sampah per
hari
Plastik putihan 5.474 kg Rp. 2.189.600
Plastik kresek 4.709 kg Rp. 1.412.700
PET dan HDPE 2737 kg Rp. 2.737.000
Logam 510 kg Rp. 1.020.000
Karet (sendal,
sepatu, jenis karet
lain)
560 kg Rp. 280.000
Total Rp. 7.639.300
29
Lampiran 6. Hasil analisis korelasi dan regresi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan pemulung
Tabel hasil korelasi
Correlations
Pendapatan
perhari
Jenis
kelamin
responden
Umur
responden
Tingkat
pendidikan
responden
Jam
kerja
Hari
kerja
Pengalaman
memulung
Penggunaan
alat
Frekuensi
sakit
Prioritas
pekerjaan
Jenis
sampah
yang paling
banyak
didapat
Pearson
Correlation
Pendapatan
perhari
1,000 -,860 -,423 ,235 ,575 ,018 ,086 ,374 -,273 -,145 ,284
Jenis kelamin
responden
-,860 1,000 ,472 -,351 -,401 ,019 -,042 -,416 ,266 ,203 -,091
Umur
responden
-,423 ,472 1,000 -,389 ,063 ,055 -,081 -,232 ,167 ,006 -,210
Tingkat
pendidikan
responden
,235 -,351 -,389 1,000 -,079 -,015 ,051 -,020 -,296 -,045 -,042
Jam kerja ,575 -,401 ,063 -,079 1,000 ,067 -,011 ,165 ,044 -,151 ,212
Hari kerja ,018 ,019 ,055 -,015 ,067 1,000 -,085 -,101 ,089 -,383 -,070
Pengalaman
memulung
,086 -,042 -,081 ,051 -,011 -,085 1,000 ,093 ,111 ,430 -,067
30
Penggunaan
alat
,374 -,416 -,232 -,020 ,165 -,101 ,093 1,000 -,084 ,142 ,102
Frekuensi sakit -,273 ,266 ,167 -,296 ,044 ,089 ,111 -,084 1,000 ,101 -,163
Prioritas
pekerjaan
-,145 ,203 ,006 -,045 -,151 -,383 ,430 ,142 ,101 1,000 ,189
Jenis sampah
yang paling
banyak didapat
,284 -,091 -,210 -,042 ,212 -,070 -,067 ,102 -,163 ,189 1,000
Sig. (1-
tailed)
Pendapatan
perhari
. ,000 ,000 ,031 ,000 ,443 ,250 ,001 ,014 ,127 ,011
Jenis kelamin
responden
,000 . ,000 ,002 ,001 ,441 ,370 ,000 ,017 ,054 ,236
Umur
responden
,000 ,000 . ,001 ,309 ,334 ,263 ,033 ,094 ,483 ,048
Tingkat
pendidikan
responden
,031 ,002 ,001 . ,267 ,454 ,343 ,438 ,009 ,362 ,372
Jam kerja ,000 ,001 ,309 ,267 . ,298 ,466 ,096 ,366 ,117 ,046
Hari kerja ,443 ,441 ,334 ,454 ,298 . ,253 ,214 ,243 ,001 ,291
Pengalaman
memulung
,250 ,370 ,263 ,343 ,466 ,253 . ,233 ,191 ,000 ,298
Penggunaan
alat
,001 ,000 ,033 ,438 ,096 ,214 ,233 . ,255 ,132 ,212
Frekuensi sakit ,014 ,017 ,094 ,009 ,366 ,243 ,191 ,255 . ,213 ,099
31
Prioritas
pekerjaan
,127 ,054 ,483 ,362 ,117 ,001 ,000 ,132 ,213 . ,067
Jenis sampah
yang paling
banyak didapat
,011 ,236 ,048 ,372 ,046 ,291 ,298 ,212 ,099 ,067 .
N Pendapatan
perhari
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
Jenis kelamin
responden
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
Umur
responden
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
Tingkat
pendidikan
responden
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
Jam kerja 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
Hari kerja 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
Pengalaman
memulung
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
Penggunaan
alat
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
Frekuensi sakit 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
Prioritas
pekerjaan
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
32
Jenis sampah
yang paling
banyak didapat
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
Hasil analisis regresi
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
dimension0
1 ,919a ,845 ,816 ,477
a. Predictors: (Constant), Jenis sampah yang paling banyak didapat, Tingkat pendidikan responden, Hari kerja, Pengalaman memulung, Penggunaan alat, Jam kerja,
Frekuensi sakit, Umur responden, Prioritas pekerjaan, Jenis kelamin responden
b. Dependent Variable: Pendapatan perhari
ANOVAb
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 65,694 10 6,569 28,919 ,000a
Residual 12,040 53 ,227
Total 77,734 63
a. Predictors: (Constant), Jenis sampah yang paling banyak didapat, Tingkat pendidikan responden, Hari kerja, Pengalaman memulung, Penggunaan alat,
Jam kerja, Frekuensi sakit, Umur responden, Prioritas pekerjaan, Jenis kelamin responden
b. Dependent Variable: Pendapatan perhari
33
Koefisien Regresi
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) 4,667 ,764 6,111 ,000
Jenis kelamin responden -1,562 ,189 -,686 -8,245 ,000
Umur responden -,088 ,072 -,085 -1,217 ,229
Tingkat pendidikan
responden
-,103 ,159 -,042 -,648 ,520
Jam kerja ,193 ,047 ,275 4,105 ,000
Hari kerja ,042 ,062 ,041 ,683 ,498
Pengalaman memulung ,151 ,121 ,078 1,249 ,217
Penggunaan alat -,003 ,101 -,002 -,031 ,975
Frekuensi sakit -,213 ,142 -,091 -1,502 ,139
Prioritas pekerjaan ,000 ,161 ,000 ,003 ,998
Jenis sampah yang paling
banyak didapat
,104 ,047 ,137 2,212 ,031
a. Dependent Variable: Pendapatan perhari
34
Lampiran 7. Skenario Pengelolaan Sampah dengan Waste Reduction Model EPA
Skenario 1 (skenario dasar)
GHG Emissions from Baseline Waste Management (MTCO2E): 2.733
Commodity Tons Recycled Tons Landfilled Tons Combusted Tons Composted Total MTCO2E
Copper Wire - 15,0 - NA 1
Glass - 258,0 - NA 10
HDPE - 56,0 - NA 2
PET - 78,0 - NA 3
Corrugated Containers - 134,0 - NA (59)
Magazines/third-class mail - 1,0 - NA (1)
Newspaper - 162,0 - NA (183)
Textbooks - 41,0 - NA 24
Food Scraps NA 357,0 - - 260
Yard Trimmings NA 102,0 - - (10)
Mixed Paper (general) - 153,0 - NA (54)
Mixed Paper (primarily residential) - 104,0 - NA (42)
Mixed Metals - 109,0 - NA 4
Mixed Plastics - 1.071,0 - NA 42
Mixed Recyclables - 24,0 - NA (9)
Mixed Organics NA 6.608,0 - - 2.187
Mixed MSW NA 939,0 - NA 512
Carpet - 12,0 - NA 0
Personal Computers - 274,0 - NA 11
Clay Bricks NA 30,0 NA NA 1
Tires - 853,0 - NA 33
35
Skenario 2
GHG Emissions from Alternative Waste Management Scenario (MTCO2E): 2.293
Commodity Tons Source
Reduced Tons Recycled Tons Landfilled Tons Combusted Tons Composted Total MTCO2E
Copper Wire - - 15,0 - NA 1
Glass - - 258,0 - NA 10
HDPE - 32,0 24,0 - NA (26)
PET - 50,0 28,0 - NA (54)
Corrugated Containers - - 134,0 - NA (59)
Magazines/third-class mail - - 1,0 - NA (1)
Newspaper - - 162,0 - NA (183)
Textbooks - - 41,0 - NA 24
Food Scraps - NA 357,0 - - 260
Yard Trimmings - NA 102,0 - - (10)
Mixed Paper (general) NA - 153,0 - NA (54)
Mixed Paper (primarily residential) NA - 104,0 - NA (42)
Mixed Metals NA 10,0 99,0 - NA (36)
Mixed Plastics NA 300,0 771,0 - NA (265)
Mixed Recyclables NA - 24,0 - NA (9)
Mixed Organics NA NA 6.608,0 - - 2.187
Mixed MSW NA NA 939,0 - NA 512
Carpet - - 12,0 - NA 0
Personal Computers - - 274,0 - NA 11
Clay Bricks - NA 30,0 NA NA 1
Tires - 16,6 836,4 - NA 26
36
Total GHG Emissions from Baseline MSW Generation and Management (MTCO2E): 2.733
Total GHG Emissions from Alternative MSW Generation and Management (MTCO2E): 2.293
Incremental GHG Emissions (MTCO2E): (432)
This is equivalent to…
Removing annual emissions from 85 Passenger Vehicles
Conserving 48.463 Gallons of Gasoline
Conserving 18.012
Cylinders of Propane Used for Home Barbeques
Conserving 2 Railway Cars of Coal
0,00003% Annual CO2 emissions from the U.S. transportation sector
0,00002% Annual CO2 emissions from the U.S. electricity sector
37
Skenario 3
GHG Emissions from Alternative Waste Management Scenario (MTCO2E): 61
Commodity Tons Source
Reduced Tons
Recycled Tons Landfilled Tons Combusted Tons
Composted Total MTCO2E
Change (Alt - Base)
MTCO2E
Copper Wire - 15,0 - - NA (73) (74)
Glass - 258,0 - - NA (72) (82)
HDPE - 56,0 - - NA (48) (50)
PET - 78,0 - - NA (86) (89)
Corrugated Containers - - 134,0 - NA (6) 0
Magazines/third-class mail - - 1,0 - NA (0) 0
Newspaper - - 162,0 - NA (164) 0
Textbooks - - 41,0 - NA 48 0
Food Scraps - NA 357,0 - - 247 0
Yard Trimmings - NA 102,0 - - (16) 0
Mixed Paper (general) NA - 153,0 - NA (10) 0
Mixed Paper (primarily residential) NA - 104,0 - NA (15) 0
Mixed Metals NA 109,0 - - NA (433) (437)
Mixed Plastics NA 1.071,0 - - NA (1.051) (1.093)
Mixed Recyclables NA - 24,0 - NA (3) 0
Mixed Organics NA NA 6.608,0 - - 1.825 0
Mixed MSW NA NA 939,0 - NA 924 0
Carpet - 12,0 - - NA (28) (29)
Personal Computers - 274,0 - - NA (643) (654)
Clay Bricks - NA 30,0 NA NA 1 0
Tires - 853,0 - - NA (333) (366)
38
Total GHG Emissions from Baseline MSW Generation and Management (MTCO2E): 2.936
Total GHG Emissions from Alternative MSW Generation and Management (MTCO2E): 61
Incremental GHG Emissions (MTCO2E): (2.875)
This is equivalent to…
Removing annual emissions from
564 Passenger Vehicles
Conserving 322.258 Gallons of Gasoline
Conserving 119.773
Cylinders of Propane Used for Home Barbeques
Conserving 16 Railway Cars of Coal
0,00017% Annual CO2 emissions from the U.S. transportation sector
0,00013% Annual CO2 emissions from the U.S. electricity sector
39
Skenario 4
GHG Emissions from Alternative Waste Management Scenario (MTCO2E): (1.665)
Commodity Tons Source
Reduced Tons
Recycled Tons Landfilled Tons Combusted Tons
Composted Total MTCO2E
Change (Alt - Base)
MTCO2E
Copper Wire - 15,0 - - NA (73) (74)
Glass - 258,0 - - NA (72) (82)
HDPE - 56,0 - - NA (48) (50)
PET - 78,0 - - NA (86) (89)
Corrugated Containers - - 134,0 - NA (6) 0
Magazines/third-class mail - - 1,0 - NA (0) 0
Newspaper - - 162,0 - NA (164) 0
Textbooks - - 41,0 - NA 48 0
Food Scraps - NA 178,5 - 178,5 88 (159)
Yard Trimmings - NA 51,0 - 51,0 (18) (2)
Mixed Paper (general) NA - 153,0 - NA (10) 0
Mixed Paper (primarily residential) NA - 104,0 - NA (15) 0
Mixed Metals NA 109,0 - - NA (433) (437)
Mixed Plastics NA 1.071,0 - - NA (1.051) (1.093)
Mixed Recyclables NA - 24,0 - NA (3) 0
Mixed Organics NA NA 3.304,0 - 3.304,0 259 (1.565)
Mixed MSW NA NA 939,0 - NA 924 0
Carpet - 12,0 - - NA (28) (29)
Personal Computers - 274,0 - - NA (643) (654)
Clay Bricks - NA 30,0 NA NA 1 0
Tires - 853,0 - - NA (333) (366)
40
Total GHG Emissions from Baseline MSW Generation and Management (MTCO2E): 2.936
Total GHG Emissions from Alternative MSW Generation and Management (MTCO2E): (1.665)
Incremental GHG Emissions (MTCO2E): (4.601)
This is equivalent to…
Removing annual emissions from
902 Passenger Vehicles
Conserving 515.779 Gallons of Gasoline
Conserving 191.698
Cylinders of Propane Used for Home Barbeques
Conserving 25 Railway Cars of Coal
0,00027% Annual CO2 emissions from the U.S. transportation sector
0,00021% Annual CO2 emissions from the U.S. electricity sector
41
Lampiran 8. Peta Citra Satelit TPA Basirih Kota Banjarmasin
42
Lampiran 9. Perbandingan perkiraan jumlah luasan dan masa Layan TPA dengan keberadaan pemulung
Proyeksi Jumlah Penduduk dan Jumlah Sampah di Kota Banjarmasin Tahun 2014-2024
Sumber Data Proyeksi Jumlah Penduduk: Laporan Antara RISPAM Kota BanjarmasinTahun 2014
No
Kecamatan
Satuan
TahunProyeksi
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
1 Banjarmasin Selatan Jiwa 155.457 157.762 160.068 162.373 164.679 166.984 169.290 171.595 173.901 176.206 178.512
2 Banjarmasin Timur Jiwa 118.449 120.196 121.942 123.689 125.435 127.182 128.929 130.675 132.422 134.169 135.915
3 Banjarmasin Tengah Jiwa 95.764 97.141 98.518 99.896 101.273 102.651 104.028 105.406 106.783 108.161 109.538
4 Banjarmasin Utara Jiwa 145.510 147.794 150.079 152.364 154.648 156.933 159.218 161.502 163.787 166.072 168.356
5 Banjarmasin Barat Jiwa 149.539 151.597 153.654 155.712 157.769 159.827 161.884 163.942 165.999 168.056 170.114
TOTAL Jiwa 664.719 674.490 684.261 694.034 703.804 713.577 723.349 733.120 742.892 752.664 762.435
Proyeksi jumlah sampah
Kg/hari 332.359,5 337.245 342.130,5 347.017 351.902 356.788,5 361.674,5 366.560 371.446 376.332 381.217,5
No
Kecamatan
Satuan
TahunProyeksi
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
1 Banjarmasin Selatan Jiwa 180.817 183.123 185.428 187.734 190.039 192.345 194.650 196.956 199.261 201.567
2 Banjarmasin Timur Jiwa 137.662 139.408 141.902 142.902 144.648 146.395 148.141 149.888 151.635 153.381
3 Banjarmasin Tengah Jiwa 110.916 112.293 113.671 115.048 116.426 117.803 119.180 120.558 121.935 123.313
4 Banjarmasin Utara Jiwa 170.641 172.926 175.210 177.495 179.779 182.064 184.349 186.633 188.918 191.203
5 Banjarmasin Barat Jiwa 172.171 174.229 176.286 178.344 180.401 182.459 184.516 186.574 188.631 190.688
TOTAL Jiwa 772.207 781.979 792.497 801.523 811.293 821.066 830.836 840.609 850.380 860.152
Proyeksi jumlah sampah Kg/hari 386.103,5 390.989,5 396.248,5 400.761,5 405.646,5 410.533 415.418 420.304,5 425.190 430.076
43
Perhitungan proyeksi jumlah sampah didapatkan dengan menggunakan data proyeksi jumlah penduduk yang dikalikan dengan nilai timbulan sampah.
Menurut SNI 19-3964-1994, bila data pengamatan lapangan belum tersedia, maka untuk menghitung besaran timbulan sampah dapat digunakan nilai
timbulan sampah sebagai berikut:
• Satuan timbulan sampah kota besar = 2–2,5 Liter/orang/hari, atau 0,4-0,5 kg/orang/hari.
• Satuan timbulan sampah kota sedang/kecil = 1,5–2 Liter/orang/hari, atau 0,3 – 0,4 kg/orang/hari, pada penelitian ini satuan yang digunakan adalah
satuan dalam kg.
Untuk kota yang memiliki jumlah penduduk < 100.000 jiwa tergolong pada kota kecil, sedangkan antara 100.000 sampai 500.000 jiwa tergolong kota
sedang, dan > 500.000 jiwa tergolong kota besar. Kota Banjarmasin tergolong kota besar.
Perhitungan Umur Teknis TPA
Untuk menghitung umur teknis atau luasan TPA yang diperlukan dilakukan dengan penyederhanaan permasalahan atau yang dikenal dengan
permodelan. Untuk itu diperlukan asumsi-asumsi dasar sebagai berikut:
1. Bentuk tumpukan dimodelkan dalam bentuk persegi (Nuryani, 2003).
2. Sampah yang masuk ke TPA diambil oleh pemulung, diasumsikan dengan jumlah tetap yaitu berdasarkan perhitungan jumlah reduksi sampah oleh
pemulung di TPA Basirih (yaitu 414 ton/bulan atau sama dengan 4.968 ton/tahun).
3. Tinggi sampah harian mengalami penyusutan sebesar 0,002 m per hari (Nuryani, 2003).
4. Sampah yang terdapat di landfill dilakukan dengan pemadatan 250 kg/m3. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi banyaknya sampah yang masuk ke
TPA adalah kepadatan sampah. Kepadatan sampah dipengaruhi oleh komposisi sampah. Pada negara industri maju seperti Amerika Serikat, kepadatan
sampah berkisar antara 100 – 150 kg/m3. Di Indonesia, kepadatan sampahnya bervariasi dari 250-500 kg/m3 (Lembaga Penelitian ITB, 1989 dalam
Nuryani et al, 2003. Sedangkan kepadatan sampah di Jakarta adalah 259 kg/m3 (Cointreau, 1982 dalam Nuryani, 2003). Untuk kepadatan sampah kota
Banjarmasin belum ada penelitian yang mengkaji satuan kepadatan sampah. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan satuan kepadatan sampah menurut kisaran
250-500 kg/m3 menurut Lembaga Penelitian ITB (1989) dimana diambil kisaran terendah yaitu 250 kg/m3 dengan pertimbangan nilai yang mendekati
kepadatan sampah di kota Jakarta.
5. Tinggi penimbunan sampah 15 m (Murtudo, 1996).
6. Dengan asumsi bahwa faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi dianggap tetap.
Luas lahan TPA, kebutuhan tanah penutup dan zone penyangga dihitung dengan persamaan yang dirumuskan oleh Murtudo (1996), seperti berikut
:
Luas TPA = T
SCV
Luas Penyangga = 25% x LTPA
Keterangan :
44
LTPA
= Luas areal TPA (m2)
Lpenyangga
= Luas zone penyangga dan fasilitas pendukung TPA (m2)
V = Volume sampah (m3)
SC = Soil cover / lapisan tanah penutup (m3)
= 15 % dari volume sampah
T = Tinggi penimbunan sampah dan lapisan penutup (m)
= Di Indonesia antara 10 – 15 m
Perkiraan jumlah luasan dan masa layan TPA dengan adanya pemulung
Tahun
Proyeksi jumlah penduduk (jiwa)
Proyeksi jumlah sampah (kg/tahun)
Jumlah sampah setelah direduksi pemulung (kg/tahun)
Volume sampah (m3/tahun)
Soil cover (m3/tahun)
Volume sampah +soil cover
Luas lahan yang diperlukan (m2)
Luas lahan yang diperlukan (hektar)
2016 684.261 124877632,5 119909632,5 479638,53 71945,7795 551584,3 36772,287 3,67722873
2017 694.034 126661205 121693205 486772,82 73015,923 559788,7 37319,25 3,731924953
Perkiraan jumlah luasan dan masa layan TPA tanpa adanya pemulung
Tahun
Proyeksi jumlah penduduk (jiwa)
Proyeksi jumlah sampah (kg/tahun)
Volume sampah masuk TPA (m3/tahun) Soil cover (m3/tahun)
Volume sampah+soil cover
Luas lahan TPA (m2)
Luas lahan TPA (ha)
2016 684.261 124877632,5 499510,53 74926,5795 574437,1 38295,81 3,829581
2017 694.034 126661205 506644,82 75996,723 582641,5 38842,77 3,884277
Zona sampah sudah terisi 71,4% (dari total 20 ha)
Sisa zona sampah = 20 ha - 14,28 ha = 5,72 ha
Diperkirakan masa layan TPA dengan adanya pemulung adalah sampai pertengahan
tahun 2017 Selisih luasan akibat adanya pemulung (ha) = 0,152352 ha
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