da cÔng nghỆ lỌc dẦu

7/31/2019 DA CNG NGH LC DU

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MC LC

CHNG I : TNG QUAN V DU TH V SN PHM..................................................................... 41.1. Tng quan v du th ...................................................................................................................... 4

1.1.1. Tng quan. ................................................................................................................................ 4

1.1.2. Thnh phn ha l ................................................................................................................... 4

1.1.3. Cc c trng ha l ................................................................................................................ 5

1.2. Tng quan v sn phm du m ..................................................................................................... 7

1.2.1. Cc sn phm nng lng ....................................................................................................... 7

1.2.2. Cc sn phm phi nng lng .............................................................................................. 10

1.3. Nhim v ca nh my lc du ..................................................................................................... 12

1.4. Nhim v ca n v hng gii quyt ..................................................................................... 13

CHNG 2 : CN BNG VT CHT CHO TNG PHN XNG................................................... 15

2.1. Phn xng chng ct kh quyn ................................................................................................. 15

2.1.1. Tnh phn trm th tch, phn trm khi lng cho cc phn on : .............................. 15

2.1.4. Hm lng S trong cc phn on (%S) ............................................................................. 21

2.1.5. Nhit si trung bnh thtch cc phn on................................................................... 23

2.1.6. Ch sOctan ca xng khng pha ch: RON Clair ...................................................................... 28

2.1.7. Hm lng hp cht thm .................................................................................................... 29

2.1.8. Khi lng ng nh ca phn on PM ............................................................................. 30

2.1.9. nht.................................................................................................................................... 32

2.1.10. p sut hi bo ha Reid TVR............................................................................................. 33

2.1.11. im chp chy ...................................................................................................................... 33

2.1.13. im chy (Pour Point) ......................................................................................................... 34

2.2. Phn xng chng ct chn khng .............................................................................................. 37

2.2.1. Tnh cn bng vt cht .......................................................................................................... 37

2.2.2. T trng v lu lng th tch ca phn on .................................................................... 38

2.2.3. Nhit si trung bnh th tch ca phn on DSV ......................................................... 38

2.2.4. Cc tnh cht ca phn on................................................................................................. 39

2.3. Phn xng gim nht .................................................................................................................. 40


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2.4. Phn xng HDS............................................................................................................................ 41

2.4.1. Tng quan vphn xng HDS............................................................................................ 42

2.4.2. Nguyn liu ............................................................................................................................. 43

2.4.3. Tnh ton lng hydro tiu th............................................................................................. 44

2.4.4. Tnh ton lng kh v xng thu c................................................................................. 47

2.4.5. Sn phm chnh sau HDS ...................................................................................................... 48

2.5. Phn xng cracking xc tc ....................................................................................................... 50

2.5.1. Tng quan vphn xng FCC............................................................................................ 50

2.5.2. Nguyn liu ............................................................................................................................. 51

2.5.3. Tnh cn bng vt cht .......................................................................................................... 51

2.5.4. n nh p sut hi bo ha ca xng FCC ........................................................................ 52

2.5.5. Bng cn bng chung FCC.................................................................................................... 532.6. Phn xng reforming xc tc ..................................................................................................... 54

2.6.1. Tng quan vphn xng RC .............................................................................................. 54

2.6.2. Nguyn liu ............................................................................................................................. 55

2.6.3. Tnh cn bng vt cht .......................................................................................................... 56

2.7. Cn bng vt cht chung cho nh my ........................................................................................ 57

CNG 3: PHI TRN SN PHM THNG PHM ........................................................................ 58

3.1. Gii thiu phng php ................................................................................................................ 58

3.2. Cc rng buc................................................................................................................................. 60

3.3. Cc bc tin hnh: ....................................................................................................................... 61

3.4. Phi trn cc sn phm ................................................................................................................. 62

3.4.1. Propane thng mi v Butane thng mi ....................................................................... 62

3.4.2. Xng SUPER 95 ..................................................................................................................... 63

3.4.3. Xng 92 ................................................................................................................................... 64

3.4.4. Nguyn liu ha du............................................................................................................... 66

3.4.5. Nhin liu phn lc Jet A1 .................................................................................................... 66

3.4.6. Nhin liu Diesel ..................................................................................................................... 67

3.4.8. Du t dn dng (FO No1)................................................................................................... 69

3.4.9. Du t cng nghip (FO No2) .............................................................................................. 70

CHNG 4 : CN BNG NNG LNG NH MY........................................................................... 72

KT LUN..................................................................................................................................................... 75


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TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................................................... 76

MT S TVIT TT ................................................................................................................................. 77


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CHNG I : TNG QUAN V DU TH V SN PHM

1.1. Tng quan v du th

1.1.1.Tng quan.

Du th l loi nhin liu ha thch, c hnh thnh qua mt qu trnh bin i rtlu di, cng vi nhng hot ng kin to v bin i ha hc di lng t hay lng bin.

Hin cn tn ti hai quan im l gii ngun gc hnh thnh du th : l thuyt ngun gc v

c v ngun gc hu c. Tuy nhin, quan im l thuyt hu c c chp nhn nhiu hn

c, v n gii thch ph hp thnh phn ha hc ca du th v cho thy r rng s hnh

thnh du th gn lin vi cc qu trnh vn ng a cht.

Du th l mt cht lng nht c mu thay i, txanh (nh du MonieAustralia)

n nu en (du GhawarSaudi Arabia), c mi ca H2S, nha thng hay n gin ca

hydrocacbon. Cc tnh cht c trng ca du th thay i trong gii hn rt rng : chng

thay i theo tng m v theo cc v tr khc nhau trong cng mt m. Du th thng tn

ti trng thi lng iu kin thng, gm mt lng nh cc git nc l lng trng

thi h phn tn keo. Mt strng hp ngoi l l du th tn ti trng thi rn nhit

thng nh du Minas (Indonesia) hay du Bachaquero (Venuezela).

hiu hn vc im ca loi nhin liu ha thch ny, chng ta hy xem xt

tng quan v thnh phn ha l v cc c trng c bn ca n.

1.1.2.Thnh phn ha l

Xt v thnh phn nguyn t, ngi ta nhn thy rng du th c to thnh ch

yu t cacbon v hydro, ngoi ra cn mt s nguyn tc xem l d tnh : S, N, O v

cc kim loi, ch yu l V v Ni. Thnh phn chung ca cc nguyn tc cho bng

di y :

Nguyn t C H S O NMe

% khi lng 80 - 90 10 - 14 0,05 - 5 0 - 1 0 - 1 00,15

Cc tnh cht c trng ca du th c quan h mt thit vi thnh phn ha hc ca

n. Du th l mt hn hp phc tp ca nhiu loi hydrocacbon v cc hp cht phi


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hydrocacbon, bao gm cc hp cht dvng, khong v c, hp cht hu c i phn t

nh : nha, asphaltene. Ba loi hydrocacbon n thun c bn ca du th l : paraffine,

naphtene, aromatic ; ngoi ra cn c cc hydrocacbon lai hp to nn t ba h hydrocacbon

trn. Mt khc, cc hp cht phi hydrocacbon cha cc d t O, N, S, Me tuy chim mtlng rt nhnhng cng quyt nh tnh cht v cht lng ca du th. Da vo thnh

phn tng i ca cc loi hydrocacbon m ngi ta c th phn chia tn cc loi du th

theo h hydrocacbon chim ch yu, chng hn nh du parafinic, naphtenic, aromatic,

hoc loi lai hp nh napteno-parafinic, parafino-naphtenic,Tuy nhin, vic phn chia

ny chcho php tin on tnh cht ca du th, v v tnh phc tp ca n m ngi ta t

khi phn loi theo phng php ny.

1.1.3.Cc c trng ha lCc c trng ha l ca du th ph thuc ch yu vo thnh phn nguyn t v

thnh phn ha hc ca n. Mt vi c trng c bn ca du th nh sau :

T trng :

y l c trng ni bt nht ca du th. T trng ca du th khc nhau trong

cc m khc nhau, v k c gia va ny v va khc ca mt m. T trng ca du th cng

nh khi t s H/C cng ln. T trng ca du th c th nm trong khong t 0,71. Vic

hiu bit t trng ca mt loi du th ng vai tr quan trng trong mua bn du th v

nh hng cng ngh ch bin, lu tr, vn chuyn.

T trng ca du th c thc th hin bng t trng d15/4, t trng tiu chun

(Specific Gravity) hay API. Cng thc tnh API theo t trng tiu chun nh sau :

5,1315,141

60

60

S

API

im vn c v im chy :

Khi du th c a v trng thi lnh, ngi ta khng quan st thy hin tng

chuyn tip r nt t trng thi lng sang trng thi rn nh mt cht lng tinh khit m xy

ra hin tng nh sau: u tin xut hin sgia tng v nht, sau nu nhit tip

tc h xung th cc tinh th nh bt u xut hin. Trong trng hp du trong sut, ta s

quan st c s vn c ca m my. Nhit vo thi im xut hin m my gi


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l nhit vn c (Cloud Point) ca du th. Nu ta vn tip tc h nhit th cc tinh

th s tip tc gia tng kch thc, du trnn c hn v n mt lc no khng cn

khnng lu cht na. Nhit ti thi im du th khng cn khnng lu cht gi l

im chy (Pour point). S to thnh cc tinh th trong du th ch yu do cc hp cht n-paraffine d kt tinh khi h nhit .

im chy ca du th thng nm trong khong t -30 n 60oC. Vic xc nh

im vn c v im chy scho php iu kin vn hnh, tn cha, vn chuyn, cng

sut bm.

nht :

Vic o nht nhng nhit khc nhau rt quan trng v n cho php tnh

ton hao ht nguyn liu trong ng ng, h thng ng trong nh my lc du, tnh toncng sut bm v h thng trao i nhit.

S bin i nht theo nhit ca cc loi du th khng ging nhau. nht

ca du parafinic s tng nhanh khi h nhit . nht ng hc ca du th c xc

nh bng php o thi gian chy ca du trong mt ng mao qun c di bit trc nhn

vi ch s nht k, ph thuc vo tng loi nht kkhc nhau. n v nht ng hc l

cSt hay mm2/s.

p sut hi v im chp chy :

Ngi ta nh gi p sut hi ca du th theo phng php p sut hi Reid

(RVP). Du th khi ra khi ging c p sut hi c tht ti 20 bars, rt kh khn cho iu

kin tn cha v vn chuyn. Do , du th phi c a qua thit bphn ly tch mt

phn cc cu t nh trong du th, gim p sut xung cn 1 bar.

im chp chy c lin quan cht chn p sut hi ca du th. N quyt nh

iu kin lm vic, tn tr, vn chuyn v vn hnh thit b. im chp chy cng thp

chng thm lng hydrocacbon nh trong du th cng ln.

Thnh phn phn on :

Biu din thnh phn phn on ca du th bng ng cong chng ct TBP, y

l th th hin phn trm chng ct c theo nhit . Xc nh c ng cong TBP


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scho php ta nh gi hiu sut thu hi cc phn on sn phm, t hoch nh nng

sut thu hi theo tng loi du th.

1.2. Tng quan v sn phm du m

Cc sn phm ca qu trnh lc du ni chung c chia thnh 2 loi : cc sn phms dng cho mc ch nng lng v sn phm s dng cho mc ch phi nng lng.

1.2.1.Cc sn phm nng lng

1.2.1.1.Kh du m ha lng LPG

Hin nay, LPG c s dng cho 3 mc ch : lm cht t, nhin liu cho ng c,

v l nguyn liu cho cng nghip ha du. Trong , vai tr ch yu ca LPG vn l cht

t, chim ti 70%, v LPG l mt cht t c cht lng tt, chy gn nh hon ton, t tp

cht v kh thi nhim. Gn y, LPG c pht hin c ch s octane cao, nn n ,ang v sc nghin cu lm nhin liu cho ng c chy cng bc. Nhc im ch

yu ca nhin liu LPG l ha hi qu ln v nhit tr chy th tch thp hn xng v

diesel.

LPG c chia lm 2 loi sn phm : propane thng mi v butane thng mi ;

c lu trtrng thi lng di p sut 13 bars, nhit mi trng. Hai dng sn phm

ny khc nhau v thnh phn cu t v t trng.

Cc ngun sn xut LPG ch yu trong nh my lc du : phn on kh tch C2-t phn xng chng ct kh quyn, v phn kh thu c trong phn xng FCC giu cc

hydrocacbon C3, C4 loi olefine. Ngoi ra, LPG cn thu c t cc qu trnh cracking

nhit, gim nht, HDS,

1.2.1.2. Xng

Ngi ta phn bit ch yu 2 loi xng thng v xng SUPER, ty thuc vo tr s

octane ca n, trong xng SUPER c RON ln hn nhiu.

Xng ng c khng phi n thun l mt sn phm ca mt qu trnh, m n

c phi trn t nhiu ngun khc nhau, c ly ra t cc qu trnh khc nhau. Ty thuc

cht lng ca xng, yu cu v c tnh ca du th m cc nh my lc du s thit k cc

qu trnh nng cao cht lng ngun phi liu c scho xng. Xng l sn phm thng

chim mt lng ln trong nh my, ch yu l xng thu c tphn xng FCC vi cht


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lng trung bnh, xng to thnh t qu trnh reforming vi RON ln, ngoi ra cn c xng

ankylate, isomerate, xng nh tphn xng chng ct kh quyn. Ngi ta c th kt hp

thm mt s ph gia nhm mc ch nng cao cht lng ca xng hoc cho qu trnh tn

cha, hot ng ca ng c nh : ph gia tng RON (ph gia oxygene hay ph gia ckim), ph gia n nh chng oxy ha

1.2.1.3. Nhin liu phn lc

Nhin liu phn lc ch yu c ly tphn on Kerosene ca thp chng ct

kh quyn, c khong nhit si t 180 230oC. Phn on Kerosene c trch ra t

thp chng ct kh quyn qua mt stripper dng thit bun si li. Yu cu quan trng

nht ca loi nhin liu ny l khnng lm vic nhit thp, lin quan n im kt

tinh (Freezing point) v hm lng nc c trong nhin liu.Ni chung, phn on Kerosene i ra tthp chng ct kh quyn c cht lng

p ng tiu chun ca nhin liu Jet A1. Hiu sut thu hi phn on ny ph thuc vo

im ct v bn cht ca du th, nhng thng hiu sut ny ln hn so vi nhu cu th

trng. Ngoi ra, cc phn on trung bnh thu c t qu trnh Hydrocracking cng rt

thch hp cho vic phi trn nhin liu phn lc.

m bo cho qu trnh hot ng tt ca ng c, ngi ta cn thm vo mt

s phgia nh : ph gia chng oxy ha, phgia tnh in, ph gia chng n mn, ph giachng ng,

1.2.1.4.Nhin liu diesel

Diesel l loi nhin liu nng hn xng v nhin liu phn lc, dng cho ng c

chy kch n. Hn hp nhin liu v khng kh t bc chy khi bnn di p sut cao.

Loi ng c ny tng i ph bin v a dng chng loi, t cc loi xe c bit, xe

chuyn dng n cc loi phng tin ti trng ln nhkhc nhau nh t, tu thy, tu

ha,

Mt sc trng quan trng ca nhin liu diesel nh: nht, khnng lm

vic nhit thp, ch scetane, hm lng lu hunh. Trong cc yu cu trn, kh

nng lm vic nhit thp v nht c ch hn c, v ch s cetane l yu cu d


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t c m khng phi qua cc qu trnh chuyn ha phc tp. C thhn, khi phi trn

gasoil cn ch n cc tnh cht nh: im vn c, im chy, nht,

Trong nh my lc du, diesel c phi trn t nhiu ngun khc nhau nh :

Phn on gasoil ca qu trnh chng ct kh quyn. Hiu sut thu hi cng nh

tnh cht ca phn on ny phthuc vo im ct v bn cht ca du th. Ty thuc vo

lng phi trn v hm lng S i hi trong diesel m c th xl lu hunh mt phn

hay hon ton cc phn on gasoil tthp chng ct kh quyn.

Phn on gasoil thu c t qu trnh FCC (LCO Light Cycle Oil), phn

on ny c hn ch l ch s cetane rt thp, khong 20, hm lng aromatic v lu hunh

ln. C th nng cao cht lng ca phn on ny bng qu trnh x l hydro, gim hm

lng S, Aromatic, tng ch scetane. Tuy nhin, qu trnh ny khng thay i ln chtlng ca LCO, do n c phi trn hn chvo diesel v nh hng phi trn cho

du t dn dng.

Phn on gasoil t qu trnh hydrocracking c cht lng rt tt. Tuy nhin,

qu trnh ny vn cn s dng hn ch do chi ph qu ln.

Ngoi ra c th phi trn mt lng nh gasoil t qu trnh gim nht hoc

lng Kerosene cn d sau khi phi trn nhin liu phn lc.

1.2.1.5. Du t dn dng

Hin nay, nhu cu v sn phm ny ang dn b thu hp li do s pht trin ca

nng lng ht nhn, nng lng in v ngun kh tnhin. Tuy nhin, cho n nay, n

vn cn ng vai tr quan trng trong cuc sng ; c bit cc nc chu u, loi sn

phm ny ch yu dng trong cc l si.

So vi Diesel, yu cu v tiu chun ca FOD t khc khe hn nhiu. Do , vic

phi trn n khng gp nhiu kh khn.

1.2.1.6. Du t cng nghip

Loi nhin liu ny ch yu p dng cho cc qu trnh t chy trong cng nghip

(nh my in, l t), v mt phn c th cung cp cho cc tu thy cng sut ln, s

dng ng c diesel. ng dng lm nhin liu cho ng c diesel ca du t cng nghip


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ngy cng gim, trong khi nhu cu p dng cho cc lnh vc nh: l t ca cc nh

my xi mng, sy v ch bin thc phm vn ng vai tr quan trng v kh thay th.

Trong nh my lc du, du t cng nghip c phi trn t cc ngun khc

nhau nh : cn mazut, cn gim nht, cn chng ct chn khng, LCO, HCO,Cc rng buc i vi loi nhin liu ny ngy cng khc khe hn, ch yu l hm

lng S v nht. Do vy, vic la chn cc ngun phi liu c sng vai tr nht nh :

LCO v HCO c nht nhhn nhiu so vi cc ngun phi liu l cn, cn chng ct

chn khng v cn gim nht li c hm lng S kh cao.

1.2.2.Cc sn phm phi nng lng

1.2.2.1. Dung mi hydrocacbon

Cc dung mi hydrocacbon l cc phn on du m tng i nh, nm trongkhong tC4 n C14 vi ng dng a dng t cng nghip cho n nng nghip. Ngi ta

s dng c tnh bc hi nhanh v phn chia dung mi hydrocacbon theo nhit si.

Xng c bit : phn b trong khong 30 n 205oC

White-spirits : 135205oC, hm lng aromatic thp, ch yu dng lm dung

mi pha sn.

Lamp oils : tC10 n C14, khong si t 160 300oC, ch yu lm dung

mi cho cc loi mc in.

Cc sn phm aromatic tinh khit (BTX) : lm dung mi cho keo dn, nguyn

liu sn xut thuc trsu, lm mi trng cho phn ng polymer ha,

Cc tnh cht cn thit cho dung mi hydrocacbon nh :

bc hi: c trng bng ng cong chng ct hay p sut hi, nh hng

n thi gian sy kh sn phm.

ha tan : dung mi phi c ha tan chn lc.

tinh khit : cn phi kim tra nng cc cht ha tan nh cc hp cht

ca lu hunh, olefine, aromatic,

Mi : khng kh chu


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An ton v tnh c : lin quan n nguy c chy n, c thnh gi bng

im chp chy, v hm lng benzene c trong dung mi.

1.2.2.2. Naphtha

Naphta l mt nhm c bit ca dung mi hydrocacbon, c c tnh bc hitng tnh White-spirits. y l sn phm c bn ca cng nghip ha du, c s dng

ch yu cho qu trnh cracking hi, sn xut cc olefine c gi tr cao nh propylene,

butene. Khng c tiu chun chnh thc cho loi sn phm ny m ch c tiu chun thng

mi c tha thun theo hp ng.

C hai yu cu c bn i vi naphta :

Thnh phn : din tqua ng cong chng ct, c thi km vi t trng v

p sut hi. tinh khit : c xc nh thng qua mu sc hoc bng phng php test

thng dng nh n mn l ng, kim tra nng ru, ether, mercaptane,

1.2.2.3. Du nhn

Ngi ta phn loi du nhn ch yu theo nht. Tt c cc loi du nhn u

c to nn t 2 loi : du gc v ph gia. Du gc c th l du gc khong hay du gc

tng hp. S c mt ca phgia cho php iu chnh cc tnh cht ca du gc. Cc loi

phgia thng dng : phgia tng ch s nht, gim im chy, chng mi mn, chng oxy

ha, chng to bt,

1.2.2.4. Sp v paraffine

Trong qu trnh sn xut du gc khong, phn n-paraffine loi trra c chia

thnh 2 loi :paraffine thu c t distilate nh, cn cire thu c t distilate nng v trung

bnh.

Cc sn phm ny c c tnh hon ton khng cha hydrocacbon thm, chng

thng c dng sn xut bao b thc phm, nn, m phm, xi

1.2.2.5. Bitume

y l loi sn phm d kt dnh, gm cc loi sau :

Bitume nguyn cht thu trc tip t qu trnh lc du.


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Bitume lng : l hn hp bitume vi mt dung mi, thng l phn on

kerosene c cht lng thp, c tc dng lm gim nht ca bitume.

Bitume pha long : hn hp vi mt loi du c nht thp, thng thng l

du than hay du c ngun gc du m. Sn phm ny thng c nht caohn bitume lng.

Bitume thng c s dng lm ng giao thng, lm tm lp, bc ng,

cch in, cch m,

1.3. Nhim v ca nh my lc du

Du th khi khai thc ln c gi tr s dng rt hn ch, do , n phi tri qua cc qu

trnh ch bin trong nh my lc du, to ra cc sn phm c cht lng tt hn, gi tr

s dng cao hn. Qu trnh ch bin ny c thc chia thnh 2 loi : cc qu trnh lctch vt l v qu trnh chuyn ha ha hc.

Cc qu trnh lc tch vt l (chng ct, trch ly, hp ph,) v cc qu trnh chuyn

ha ha hc (cc qu trnh bin i cu trc ha hc ca hydrocacbon) lun lun kt hp

lun phin trong nh my lc du, nhm bin i du th thnh cc sn phm c cht lng.

Cc qu trnh lc tch vt l c vai tr phn tch du th thnh cc sn phm trung gian

hoc phn tch mt bn sn phm trung gian, lm nguyn liu cho cc qu trnh chuyn ha.

Ngc li, cc qu trnh chuyn ha ha hc c vai tr quan trng trong vic to ra cc sn

phm cht lng hoc tng hiu sut chuyn ha cc phn on nng thnh cc phn on

nhhn. Trong cc qu trnh chuyn ha, qu trnh FCC cung cp mt ngun phi liu xng

c sch yu, qu trnh reforming xc tc (CR), ankyl ha, isome ha, ether ha t o ra

ngun phi liu xng c cht lng tt : tr soctane cao v hm lng lu hunh thp.

Ngoi ra, cc qu trnh chuyn ha nh cracking nhit, gim nht, cc ha lm tng gi tr

s dng ca cc phn on cn, b gy cc phn t hydrocacbon mch di thnh cc

hydrocacbon mch ngn hn. Qu trnh hydrocracking c tc dng to ra phn on trung

bnh c cht lng tt phi trn nhin liu iesel vi ch s cetane cao. Cc qu trnh

chuyn ha nh CR, ankyl ha, isome ha,c th c hoc khng ty vo nng lc ca

mi nh my.


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Xt s cng ngh ca nh my lc du Dung Qut hiu r hn nhng im

chung ca cc quy trnh cng ngh trong nh my lc du :

1.4. Nhim v ca n v hng gii quyt


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Ngun nguyn liu l du th Arabe nh. Cc s liu ban u l Assay du th, cht

lng v yu cu ca tng loi sn phm cng vi nhu cu thtrng c cho sn. Nhim

v ca n l phn blu lng tng loi sn phm, tnh ton phi trn tng sn phm

ph hp vi tiu chun cht lng, ng thi tnh ton ti u vnng lng cung cp chonh my v chi ph u t thit b, t rt ra mt s cng ngh ti u cho nh my.

Cc phn xng c mt trong nh my :

Phn xng chng ct kh quyn x l ngun nguyn liu du th.

Phn xng chng ct chn khng x l hon ton hay mt phn nguyn liu cn

chng ct kh quyn, nhm thu c 2 loi sn phm lm nguyn liu cho phn xng tip

theo : phn ct chn khng nhm lm nguyn liu cho phn xng cracking xc tc FCC,

phn cn chng ct chn khng lm nguyn liu cho phn xng gim nht v sn xutbitume.

Phn xng FCC x l phn ct chn khng.

Phn xng reforming xc tc vi ngun nguyn liu l xng nng chng ct kh

quyn v xng gim nht.

Phn xng gim nht x l phn cn chng ct chn khng, nhm to ngun

phi liu ch yu phi trn du t cng nghip.

Phn xng HDS nhm tch loi lu hunh cc ngun phi liu c snh gasoil

nh, gasoil nng hoc kh S cho cc bn sn phm lm nguyn liu cho qu trnh x l tip

theo, nhm m bo tiu chun vhm lng S cho sn phm thng phm.


15/77

CHNG 2 : CN BNG VT CHT CHO TNG PHN XNGTrong phn ny, chng ta tnh cn bng vt cht cho mi phn xng theo nng

sut ti a, v tnh ton tnh cht ca cc phn on sn phm.

2.1. Phn xng chng ct kh quyn

y l phn xng x l mt lng nguyn liu ln nht trong nh my, l ton

b ngun du th khai thc ln, v y l qu trnh lc tch s bu tin nhm phn

tch du th thnh cc phn on theo nhit si : kh (GAZ), xng nh (GAS),

xng nng (BZN), kerosene (KER), gasoil nh (LGO), gasoil nng (HGO) v cn

chng ct kh quyn (RA). Cc phn on ny c th c dng phi liu sn

phm thng phm hoc lm nguyn liu cho cc qu trnh x l tip theo.

Ngun nguyn liu l du th trc khi vo thp chng ct kh quyn phi tri

qua qu trnh tin xl tch mui, nc v cc tp cht c hc, ngoi ra cn i

qua cc h thng thu hi nhit ca cc dng sn phm ra khi thp v i vo l t.

Nhit ca du th khi vo thp phi t t 350oC n 370oC.

2.1.1.Tnh phn trm th tch, phn trm khi lng cho cc phn on :

im ct phn on ca cc phn on sn phm c cho bng sau :

Phn on GAZ GAS BZN KER LGO HGO RA

Ti - Tf < 2020 -

70

70 -

180180 - 230 230 - 310 310 - 380 >380

Tim si u v cui ca mi phn on trong bng trn, bng phng php

ni suy, ta tnh c phn trm chng ct (theo phn trm khi lng v th tch) ti

im ct xc nh. Sau tnh phn trm th tch v khi lng ca mi phn on.


16/77

Cc gi tr v % th tch (%V) v % khi lng (%m) tng phn on c tnh

theo cng thc :

%V = %VTf- %VTi

%m = % mTf- % mTiTrong : %VTf v % mTf l % th tch v khi lng ng vi im si cui.

%VTi v % mTi l % th tch v khi lng ng vi im si u.

Cc quy tc ni suy c p dng :

%V = %V1 + (%V2-%V1).12

1

TT

TT

%m = %m1 + (%m2-%m1). 121

TT

TT

Trong T l nhit cn ni suy gia 2 gi tr nhit T1 v T2. Tra bng

ARABIAN LIGHT DATA c :

Bng 1 :Khong th tch v phn trm thtch cc phn on thu c (%V)

GAZ GAS BZN KER LGO HGO RA

Ti-Tf 380

%V0-

2,222,22-6.96

6.96-24.9324,93-33,23

33.23-47.947.9-60.33

60.33-100

%Vol 2,22 4.74 17.97 8.3 14.66 12.44 39.67

Bng 2 : Khong % khi lng v phn khi lng cc phn on thu c%m)

GAZ GAS BZN KER LGO HGO RATi-Tf 380

Khong%m

0-1,5 1,5-5.14 5.14-20,7920,79-28.5

28.5-42.6642.66-55.48

55.48-100

%m 1,5 3.64 15.65 7.71 14.16 12.83 44.52


17/77

2.1.2.Tnh t trng cho tng phn on.

T phn trm khi lng c tnh trn, tra bng Assay du th, tra c gi

tr ca t trng.

T trng ca mi phn on c tnh theo phng php cng tnh th tch :

ii dVdV ..

Da vo Assay du th, tnh c t trng ca mi phn on theo phng php

cng tnh th tch (hoc c thtra th ri t cng thc cng tnh th tch suy ra

t trng).

V

dV

V

dVd

iiii

%

.%.

Phn on kh GAZ :

Da vo Assay du ARABIAN LIGHT ta c :

Phn on %m d 0/60 d15/4

C2 0.01 0.374 0.373

C3 0.21 0.508 0.507

I-C4 0.14 0.563 0.562

n-C4 0.74 0.584 0.583

nC4- 20oC 0.4 0.613 0.612

Phn on xng nh GAS :

T hiu sut thu khi lng xng nh l 3.64%, tra th quan h gia hiusut thu xng v t trng d15/4 ca du ARABIAN LIGHT .

Ta c : d15/4 (GAS) = 0,647

Cc phn on sau cng dng th hiu sut thu xng v t trng d15/4 ca

du ARABIAN LIGHT.


18/77

Phn on xng nng BZN :

T hiu sut tng thu xng nhv xng nng l 19,29% khi lng, tra th

quan h gia hiu sut thu xng v t trng ta c d15/4 (GAS + BZN) = 0,722

T bng phng php cng tnh thtch tnh c t trng ca phn onxng nng :

d154(BZN) =

BZN

GAS

V

VdVd

%

.%.% 15415

4 742,097,17

74.4.647,071,22.722,0

Phn on kerosene KER :

T hiu sut tng thu GAS, BZN v KER l 27% khi lng, tra th quan

h gia hiu sut thu xng v t trng ta c d15/4 (GAS + BZN +KER) = 0,741

T bng phng php cng tnh thtch tnh c t trng ca phn on

kerosene : d154(KER) = 0,793

Phn on gasoil nh LGO :

Tng tnh phng php tnh i vi KER v BZN.

Ta c:

d15/4 (GAS + BZN +KER +LGO) = 0,769 theo hiu sut tng l 41.16%wt

Tnh c: d154(LGO) = 0,847

Phn on gasoil nng HGO :

Tng tnh phng php tnh i vi KER v LGO. Ta c:

d15/4 (GAS + BZN +KER +LGO+ HGO) = 0,786 theo hiu sut tng l 53.98

%wt

Tnh c: d154(HGO) = 0,848

Phn on cn RA :Tra th theo hiu sut thu khi lng cn l 44,52%, ta c d154(RA) = 0,959

Bng 3 : T trng ca cc phn on.


19/77

Phn on %m %v d15/4

Kh 1.50 2.22 0.574

GAS 3.64 4.74 0.647

BZN 15.65 17.97 0.742

KER 7.71 8.30 0.793

LGO 14.16 14.66 0.847

HGO 12.83 12.44 0.848

RA 44.52 39.67 0.959

2.1.3.Tnh cn bng vt cht cho phn xng.

Tnh lu lng khi lng v lu lng th tch ca cc phn on :

Nng sut ca nh my : F = 7600 (kt/nm)

Lu lng khi lng mi phn on c tnh t phn trm khi lng ng viphn on khi c nng sut du th cn x l theo cng thc : mi= %mi.F

Trong mil lu lng th tch ca phn on thi (kt/nm).

T t trng tnh c, ta tnh lu lng th tch ca mi phn on theo cng

thc : Vi = mi/di

Phn on kh GAZ :

Kt qu tnh ton cho bng sau :


20/77

Phn on %m d15/4 (kg/l) m (kt/nm) V (km3/nm)

C2 0.01 0.373 0.76 2.04

C3 0.21 0.507 15.96 31.49

I-C4 0.14 0.562 10.64 18.93

n-C4 0.74 0.583 56.24 96.50

nC420oC 0.4 0.612 30.4 49.97

Phn on xng nh GAS :

Khi lng xng nh GAS :

mGAS = %m GAS * F= 3.64* 7600 = 276.64

Tnh c th tch xng nh GAS:

VGAS =

=

= 427.57

Tnh ton tng tcho cc phn on khc ta c:

Bng 3 : Tm tt cn bng vt cht phn xng chng ct kh quyn


21/77

Phn on %m m(kt/nm) %v v(km3/nm) d15/4

C2 0,01 0,76 0,02 2.04 0,373

C3 0,21 15.96 0,36 31.49 0,507

I-C4 0,14 10.64 0,21 18.93 0,562n-C4 0,74 56.24 1,08 96.50 0,583

nC4-20oC 0,40 30.40 0,55 49.67 0,612

TOTAL gaz 1,50 114.00 2,220 198.62 0,574

GAS 3.64 276.64 4.74 427.57 0,647

BZN 15.65 1189.15 17.97 1603.10 0,742

KER 7.71 586.21 8.30 739.24 0,793

LGO 14.16 1075.85 14.66 1270.31 0,847HGO 12.83 974.88 12.44 1149.05 0,848

RA 44.52 3383.27 39.67 3527.91 0,959

TOTAL liq 98,50 7486 97.78 8717.18 0,859TOTAL

brut100.00 7600 100.00 8915.81 0,852

2.1.4.Hm lng S trong cc phn on (%S)

Hm lng S trong mi phn on c tnh theo phng php cng tnh khi

lng: ii mSmS ..

Do :

m

mSS

ii.

=

m

mS ii

%

.%

Tnh ton chi tit cho tng phn on nh sau :

Phn on GAS :Xem nh hm lng S trong phn on kh l v cng nh. T gin quan h

gia hiu sut thu xng v %S, ta tra c %S cho phn on xng nh :

%mGAS = 3.64 % suy ra %SGAS = 0,024 %m (tra th d15/4 v % S ca du

ARABIAN LIGHT )


22/77

Phn on BZN :

Tnh theo phng php cng tnh khi lng : ban u, tra %S tng ng vi

nhit si cui ca cc phn on nhvo gin quan h %m - %S (%S ny l

%S tng) ; sau t %S tng, cng tnh khi lng c %S cc phn on.Ta c %m BZN= 19.29 % . Tra thta c %SBZN = 0.033

V %mGAS = 3.64 % , %SGAS = 0,024

BZN

GASGASBZNBZN

m

SmSmBZNS

%

.%%.%%)(%

035.065,15

024,0.64,3033,0.29,19)(%

BZNS

Phn on KER :Tnh tng tnh xng nng BZN.

Ta c %m KER= 27 % . Tra thta ,c %SKER= 0.053

V %mBNZ= 19,29 % , %SBNZ = 0,033

KER

GASGASBZNBZNKERKER

m

SmSmSmKERS

%

.%%.%%.%%)(%

KER

BZNBZNKERKER

m

SmSm

%

.%%.%%

103,071,7

033,0.29,19053,0.27

Phn on LGO

Hm lng S trong LGO v HGO c tnh theo cng tnh khi lng :

Tnh cho phn on LGO, tnh tng tnh trn.

Ta c %m LGO= 41,16% . Tra thta c %SLGO = 0,288

%S (LGO) =

=

= 0,736

Phn on HGO


23/77

Hm lng S trong LGO v HGO c tnh theo cng tnh khi lng :

Tnh cho phn on HGO, tnh tng tnh trn.

Ta c %m HGO = 53,98% . Ni suy ta c %SHGO = 0,501

%S (HGO) = =

= 1,184

Phn on RA :

Hm lng S ca phn on RA c tra trc tip t gin quan h gia

hiu sut thu cn (%m) v hm lng S. T %m(RA) = 44.52 suy ra %S (RA) = 3,22

%m

Bng 4 : Hm lng S trong cc phn on thu c tphn xng CDU

Phn on %m %S

GAS 3,64 0,024

BNZ 15,65 0,035

KER 7,71 0,103

LGO 14,16 0,736

HGO 12,83 1,184

RA 44,52 3,22

2.1.5.Nhit si trung bnh thtch cc phn on

Tnh Tmav theo cng thc: Tmav = Tv+ Tv

Trong :4

2 905010 TTTTv

Tv l chnh lch hiu chnh tra theo dc S (Slope) v gi tr Tv

Cc gi tr T10, T50 v T90 l nhit tng ng vi 10, 50, 90% chng ct trn

ng ASTM;

dc S =60

1070 TT

tnh cc gi tr Tmavtrn ng ASTM, tin hnh theo 3 bc sau:


24/77

Bc 1: Chuyn i tng TBP du th sang ng TBP cc phn on,

bng cch ly 2 gi trim u v im cui ca phn on trn ng TBP du th

di v 2 gi tr IP (0%) v FP (100%) trn ng TBP phn on. V d tnh cho

phn on GAS nh sau:im u 20oC trn ng TBP du th tng ng vi 2,22% c chuyn v

0%; im cui 80oC trn ng TBP du th tng ng vi 8,05% c chuyn v

100%, t suy ra cc gi tr nm gia. Ta c bng sau:

Nhit

, oC20 28 29,33 32,22 36,07 43,02 53,81 64,60 70

%CC,%vol

2,22 2,44 - - 3,98 - - - 6,96

GTC,

%vol0 3,77 10 30 37,13 50 70 90 100

Tng tcho cc phn on tip theo. Ta c bng sau:

Bng 6 : Chuyn i tTBP du th sang TBP phn on

Phn on d154 T10 T30 T50 T70 T90 T95

GAS 0,647 29,33 32,22 43,02 53,81 64,6

BZN 0,742 84,42 111,80 133,11 152,32 170,86

KER 0,793 166,64 199,75 205,04 227,63 229,21 229,61

LGO 0,847 238,46 255,53 271,54 286,40 302,13 306,07

HGO 0,896 314,60 323,80 344,49 358,47 372,82 376,41

RA 0,959 404,29 454,56 510,49 553,18 561,06


25/77

Bc 2: Chuyn i t TBP cc phn on sang ng ASTM cc phn

on, bng cch s dng cng thc chuyn i RiaziDaubert:

15,273)15,273.( bTBPASTM TaT

Trong : TASTM v TTBP tnh bng oC; cc h s thc nghim a, b nh sau:

a b

T10 1,71243 0,91743

T30 1,29838 0,95923

T50 1,10755 0,9827

T70 1,13047 0,9779

T90 1,04643 0,98912

Tra bng 4.16atr 165- TECHNIC I

Kt qutnh c tng hp trong bng sau:

Phn on GAS.

Dng cng thc bin i trn, ta c.

T10 = 1,71243.(29,33 + 273,15)

0.91743

-273,15= 50,06.

T30 = 1,29838.(32,22 + 273,15)0.95923-273,15

= 40,8.

T50 = 1,10755.(43,02 + 273,15)0.9827-273,15

= 43,28.

T70 = 1,13047.(53,81 + 273,15)0.9779-273,15

= 52,07.

T90 = 1,04643.(64,90 + 273,15)0.98912-273,15

= 58,59.

Tng tcho cc phn on khc ta c bng sau.


26/77

Bng 7 : Chuyn i tTBP phn on sang ASTM phn on

Phnon

IP - FP T10 T30 T50 T70 T90

GAS 20 - 70 50,06 40,8 43.28 52,07 58,59BZN 70 - 180 103,67 119 132.39 147,61 161,66

KER 180 - 240 182.48 202,3 202,85 220,30 218,14

LGO 240 - 330 250.30 270,3 267,82 276,86 288,63

HGO 330 - 380 321.35 337,6 338,95 346,04 356,86

RA 380 + 404.08 441,4 500,26 532,12 538,12

Bc 3: Tnh cc gi tr Tmav ca cc phn on:

Tnh Tmav theo cng thc: Tmav = Tv+ Tv

Gi trTv c tra theo dc v gi tr Tv, nu Tv ln hn 300oC hay nh

hn 100 oC th xem nh Tv = 0

Phn on GAS.

dc ca phn on slope S =

= 0.03

Tv =

=

=49,08 oC 100 oC

Nn ta tra th vi ng cong ASTM theo dc v gi tr Tv, cho Tv =

- 6,5

Vy Tmav = Tv+ Tv = 132,536,5 = 126,03oC


27/77

Phn on KER.


= 0.63

Tv =

=

=201,58 oC >100 oC

Nn ta tra th vi ng cong ASTM theo dc v gi tr Tv, cho Tv =

2,5

Vy Tmav = Tv+ Tv = 201,58 +2,5= 204,08oC

Phn on LGO.


= 0.44

Tv =

=

=268,64

o

C >100

o

CNn ta tra th vi ng cong ASTM theo dc v gi tr Tv, cho

Tv = 4.00

Vy Tmav = Tv+ Tv = 268,64+4.00 = 272,64 oC

Phn on HGO


= 0.41

Tv = = =339,03 oC >300 oC

Nn ta tra th vi ng cong ASTM theo dc v gi tr Tv, cho

Tv = 0

Vy Tmav = Tv+ Tv = 339,03+0= 339,03oC

Phn on RA.


= 2,13

Tv =

=

=485,70 oC >300 oC

Nn ta tra th vi ng cong ASTM theo dc v gi tr Tv, cho

Tv = 0

Vy Tmav = Tv+ Tv = 485,70 +0= 485,70oC


28/77

Bng 8 : Nhit si trung bnh thtch cc phn on

Phnon

IP - FP T10 T50 T90 Tv (oC) slope S

Tv(oC)

Tmav (oC)

GAS 20 - 70 50,6 43,83 58,59 49,08 0,03 - 49,08BZN 70 - 180 103,67 132,39 161,66 132,53 0,73 -6.50 126.03

KER 180 -230 182,48 202,85 218,14 201,58 0,63 2.50 204.08

LGO230 -310

250,30 267,82 288,63 268,64 0,44 4.00 272,64

HGO310 -380

321,35 338,95 356,86 339,03 0,41 - 339,03

RA 380 + 404,08 500,26 538.19 485,70 2.13 - 485,70

2.1.6. Ch s Octan ca xng khng pha ch: RON ClairCh sOctan c xc nh cng tnh theo th tch.

- Phn on GAS

Xc nh RON Clair da vo gin ESSENCES DEBUTANISEES RM.etNO.

GAS

Vol (%) Mass (%) RON Clair

4.74 3.64 64

- Phn on BZN

Tnng sut tng ca phn on GAS v BZN l 19.29% mass th theo gin5 xc nh c.

Vy, vi phn trm th tch ca cc phn on cho:

Mass (%) RON ClairTotal 19.29 32


29/77

ii RONVRONV ..

RONBZN =BEZ

GASGAS

V

RONVRONV ..

Ta c: RONBZN Clair =22,71*32 4,74*64

22,71 4,74 = 23,56

2.1.7. Hm lng hp cht thm

Hm lng hp cht thm c xc nh cng tnh theo th tch.

ArAV .%Vr.% i

%Ari =i

ii

V

ArVArV.%.%

Xc nh theo gin ESSENCES DEBUTANISEES T.V.R et % AROMATIQUES

Phn on GAS

GAS %m % vol Ar

3,64 1,1

Phn on BZN

GAS BZN Total

%Vol 4.74 17,97 22.71

%Mass 3.64 15.65 19.29

Vi nng sut tng ca phn on GAS v BNZ l 19.29 %mass th theo gin

ta c: Ar% 8,3

Vy: %ArBZN =BZN

GASGAS

V

ArVArV 1.. =22.71*8,3 4.74*1,1

17,97

= 10,2

Phn on KER


30/77

GAS BNZ KER Total

%Vol 4,74 17,97 8,3 31,01

%Mass 3,64 15.65 7,71 27

Vi nng sut tng ca phn on GAS, BNZ v KER l 29.36 % mass th theo gin c: Ar% 11,8

Vy: %ArKER =KER

BZNBZNGASGAS

V

AVAVAV ... 1

=31,01*11,8 4.74*1,1 17,97*10,2

8,3

= 21,38

Bng 9: Hm lng hp cht thm trong cc phn on.

Phn on GAS BZN KER

%Aro (%vol) 1,1 10,2 21,38

2.1.8. hi lng trung bnh ca phn on PM Tnh cho phn on nh:

S dng gin 15/35(ESSENCES DEBUTANISEES P.M et NO ARABIAN

LIGHT), ta c thtra c khi lng phn t trung bnh ca cc phn an nhnhsau:

- Vi phn on GAS: tra theo %m (%m GAS = 3.64) ta c:

PMGAS = 77,5

- Vi cc phn on BZN, KER: ta xc nh theo phng php cng tnh vphn mol.

GAS BNZ KER

%m 3,64 15,65 7,71

%mon crude 3,64 19.29 27


31/77

Cng thc tng qut:

j

j

i

j

j

i

i

PM

m

PM

m

m

PM

m

PM

m

mPM

%%

%

i vi BZNVi m% 19.29 ta c: PM 107

15,65

19.29 3.64

107 77, 5

BZNPM

= 117,39

i vi phn on KERVi m% 27, ta c: PM 118

7,71158,8627 19.29

118 107

KERPM

Tnh cho cc phn on nng:Khi lng trung bnh ca phn on c tnh theo cng thc 4.13 Trang 98 -

T1 - Petrole Brut.

PM=42.965.[exp(2.097*10-4*Tb7.78712*S+2.08476*10-3*Tb*S)].(Tb

1.26007*S4.98308)Trong : Tb: nhit si ca phn on (K).

S: dc (o

C / %)- Phn on LGO

PM = 42.965[exp(2.097*10-4*545,79-7.78712*0.849+2.08476*10-3*545,79*0.849)].(545,791.26007*0.8494.98308)= 211,762- Phn on HGO

PM = 42.965[exp(2.097*10-4*612,18-7.78712*0.85+2.08476*10-3*612,18*0.85)](612,181.26007.0.854.98308) = 278,8

Bng 10 : Khi lng trung bnh cc phn on.


32/77

Phn on %m %m cum M

GAS 3.64 3.64 77,5

BZN 15.65 19.29 117,39

KER 7,71 27 158,86

LGO 14,16 41.16 221,76

HGO 12.83 53.99 278,80

2.1.9. nht

Tnh nht ti 100oF v 210oF theo cng thc (4.11/97 [3]) v (4.12/97

[3]):

log 100 = 4,393711,94733.Kw + 0,12769.K2

w + 3,2629.10-4 A2 -

1,18246Kw.A +

WW

KA

AKAK

.78231,43642,50

..860218,0.10.50663,99943,10.171617,0 222

log210 = - 0,4633640,166532.A + 5,13447.10-4.A2 -8,48995.10-3.KW .A

+

KwAAAKw

.6296,2786,26

.19768,0.24899,1.10.0325,8 222

Vi Kw l hng s Watson tnh theo cng thc (4.8/99[3]):S

TK bw

3/1).8,1(

A l API, xc nh theo (4.10/96[3]): A = 5,1315,141 S

Tb l nhit si trung bnh th tch ca phn on (K)

Sau khi tnh ton nht 100oF v 210oF, bng cch tra biu tiu

chun ASTM nhtNhit , ta suy ra nht 20, 50, 100oC

Bng 11 : nht ca cc phn on


33/77

Phn

onKw A

Fo100

(cSt)

Fo

210

(cSt)

Co

20

(cSt)

Co

50

(cSt)

Co

100

(cSt)

KER 11,96 46,58 1,334 0,643 1,75 1,13 0,61

LGO 11,71 35,24 3,22 1,268 5 2,55 1,12

HGO 12,15 34,95 7,193 2,203 15 5,5 1,98

2.1.10. p sut hi bo ha Reid TVR

Gi trny c xc nh theo gin ph thuc gia hiu sut thu phn on

(%m) v TVR. Gi tr p sut hi bo ha thc TVV = R.TVR, vi R l hng sc

tra theo TVR.

Vi phn on GAS: T hiu sut thu GAS l 3,64% khi lng, ta tra c

TVR bng 0,8 bar. Khi : TVV = R.TVR = 1,06.0,8 = 0,848 (bars).

Vi phn on BZN:

Xc nh theo phng php cng tnh phn mol. Vi nng sut tng ca GAS

v BZN l 19,29% khi lng, ta tra c TVR = 0,26 bars

T, ta c:BZN

BZNGAS

GAS

GASBZN

m

MTVR

M

mTVR

M

mTVR

%*

%*

%

Tnh c TVRBZN = 0,07 bars

Suy ra p sut hi bo ha thc TVVBZN = 0,07.1,02 = 0,071 bars

2.1.11.im chp chy

im chp chy ca cc phn on c tnh theo cng thc (4.102/164[3]):

PE =10

10

ln.0034254.084947.2

02421.0

1

TT

Vi: T10 l nhit tng ng vi 10% chng ct trn ng ASTM, K

Bng 12: im chp chy cho cc phn on.


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Phn on BZN KER LGO HGO RA

T10,oC 103.67 182.48 250.3 321.35 404.08

PE,oC 52.2 108.1 199.18 280.47 294.62

2.1.12.Ch s cetane

p dng cng thc sau: (3.129/138 - [2]) cho phn on KER, LGO, HGO:2

5050

2 ).(log083,97.554,0.74,774.416,164174,454 TTIC

Trong : l khi lng ring 15oC (kg/l)

T50 l nhit ng vi 50% chng ct trn ng ASTM D86,oC

Vi phn on KER:

= 0,794 (kg/l) v T50 = 202,85oC ICKER = 44,28

Vi phn on LGO:

= 0,836 (kg/l) v T50 = 267,82oC ICLGO = 47,85

Vi phn on HGO:

= 0,882 (kg/l) v T50 = 338,95oC ICHGO = 43,41

Bng 13 : Ch s cetane ca phn on KER, LGO, HGO

Phn on KER LGO HGO

(kg/l) 0,794 0,836 0,882

T50,oC 202,85 267,82 338,95

IC 44,28 47,85 43,41

2.1.13.im chy (Pour Point)

im chy ca phn on KER c tnh theo cng thc (4.113/132[3]):)333,031,0(

100

).474,0612,0(971,2...47,130

SSMSPP

Vi: S l t trng tiu chun


35/77

M l khi lng phn t trung bnh ca phn on, g/mol

100 l nht 100oF, cSt

PP l im chy tnh bng K

Phn on KER : S = 0,793, M = 158.83 g/mol,100 = 1,351 cSt PPKER = -53,38

oC

Phn on LGO: S = 0,847, M = 212,67 g/mol,100 = 3,258 cSt

PPLGO = -18,85oC

Phn on HGO: S = 0,896, M = 268,23 g/mol,100 = 9,492 cSt

PPHGO = 3,55oC

Bng 14: im chy cc phn onPhn on KER LGO HGO

im chy, oC -53,38 -18,85 3,55

BNG TNG KT TNH CHT CC PHN ON.


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BNG TNH CHT CC PHN ON

GAZ GAS BZN KER LGO HGO RA

Ti-Tf 380

Khong %m 0-1,5 1,5-5.14 5.14-20,79 20,79-28.5 28.5-42.66 42.66-55.48 55.48-100

%m 1.50 3.64 15.65 7.71 14.16 12.83 44.52

Khong %V 0-2,22 2,22-6.96 6.96-24,93 24,93-33.23 33.23-47.9 47.9-60.33 60.33-100

%Vol 2.220 4.74 17.97 8.30 14.66 12.44 39.67

d15/4 0.574 0.647 0.742 0.793 0.847 0.848 0.959

SG 0.575 0.648 0.743 0.795 0.849 0.850 0.961

API 114.572 86.765 58.877 46.581 35.243 34.946 15.755

%S - 0.024 0.035 0.103 0.736 1.184 3.220

RON 64 23.56

%ARO (vol) 1.1 12.47 20,94

TVR(bars) 0.8 0.070

TVV (bars) 0.848 0.071

M 77.5 117.396 158.827 211.762 278.798 431.144

IC - - 44.693 44.170 52.953 -

Vis 20(cst) 1.750 5.000 15.000 4000

Vis 50 (Cst) 1.130 2.550 5.500 365

Vis 100 0.610 1.120 1.980 25

Pt Ecoul - - - -53.10 -19.20 5.00 10

Kw 12.86 12.05 11.96 11.71 12.15 11.55

Pt eclair -45.84 -0.71 58.73 100.24 132.77 157.08

Tmav ASTM(C) - 49.1 126.0 204.079 272.643 339.028 485.7

RC 8.3


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2.2. Phn xng chng ct chn khng

2.2.1.Tnh cn bng vt cht

Ty thuc iu kin vn hnh ca thp chng ct chn khng, im ct ca phn ctchn khng v cn chng ct chn khng c thiu chnh c. y, ta ly im ct

bng 550oC. Da vo Assay du th, ta lp c bng sau:

Phnon

Ti-TfKhong

%wt% wt %wt vs RA

Khong%vol

% vol % vol vs RA

DSV 380-550 55,48 - 82 26.52 59.6 60,33-84,9 24.57 61.9

RSV >550 80,74-100 18.00 40.4 84,9-100 15.10 38.1

RA 380+ 55,48-100 44.52 100.0 60,33-100 39.67 100

Lu lng RA thu c tphn xng chng ct kh quyn:

mRA = 27,33837600.100

52,44 (kt/nm)

Gi x l phn RA c x l ti phn xng VDU. y, ta s dng lng RA em

i phi trn cc sn phm v sau v lm nhin liu cho nh my l 550 kt/nm.

Khi : %74,83%100.27,3383

55027,3383 x

Lng RA c x l ti phn xng VDU: 3383,27550 = 2833,27 (kt/nm)

Bng c im nguyn liu cho phn xng VDU:


38/77

Khi lng RA ban u, kt/nm 3383,27

Lng RA c x l, kt/nm 2833,27

Phn trm RA cx l, %wt 83,74

Lng RA dng phi liu, kt/nm 550

T trng, d /4 0,959

Th tch RA c x l, km3/nm 2954,4

Hm lng S, %wt 3,23

nht 100oC, cSt 25

nht 20oC, cSt 4000

Tnng sut ca RA, ta tnh c nng sut ca DSV v RSV:

mDSV = 0,596. 2833,27= 1687,66 (kt/nm)

mRSV = 0,404. 2833,27= 1145,61 (kt/nm)

2.2.2.T trng v lu lng th tch ca phn on

Ta tnh t trng ca DSV theo phng php cng tnh th tch, da vo Assay du

th (bng ph lc I), ta tnh c d15/4 DSV = 0,922

T tnh c VDSV = 59,1829922,0

1687,66 (km3/nm)

T trng ca RSV c thc tra theo hiu sut thu cn. T hiu sut thu cn ta tra

c d15/4RSV = 1,018

T tnh c: VRSV = 80,1124018,1

61,1145 (km3/nm)

2.2.3.Nhit si trung bnh th tch ca phn on DSV

Tng tnh phng php tnh nhit si trung bnh thtch cho cc phn on

phn xng CDU, ta tnh Tmav ca phn on DSV theo 3 bc: chuyn i t TBP du th

sang TBP phn on DSV, chuyn TBP phn on DSV sang ASTM phn on bng cng

thc RiaziDaubert, cui cng tnh Tv theo cng thc:

4

2 905010 TTTTv

Gi tr Tmav = Tv+ Tv

Kt qu tnh ton c cho bng sau:

Bng 15:


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DSV T10 T30 T50 T70 T90 Tv Tmav

TBP 385.06 417.44 450.83 486.66 527.50 - -

ASTM 386.42 413.71 442.36 468.67 505.90 444.26 444.26

2.2.4.Cc tnh cht ca phn on

Hm lng lu hunh:

Hm lng lu hunh trong phn on DSV c tnh theo phng php cng tnh

khi lng, da vo Assay du th (bng ph lc I), ta tnh c %SDSV = 2,45% khi

lng.

Hm lng lu hunh trong RA bng 3,23% khi lng.

T tnh c hm lng S trong phn on RSV:%26,4

61,1145

66,1687.45,227,2833.23,3.%.%%

RSV

DSVDSVRARA

RSV

m

mSmSS

nht:

Tnh nht 100oF v 210oF theo cng thc (4.11/97[3]) v (4.12/97[3]). Cc gi

tr Kwv API c tnh nh sau:

78,11

002,1.922,0

15,27326,444.8,1).8,1(3/13/1

S

TK bw

API = 59,215,131002,1.922,0

5,141

T ta tnh c100oF = 74,58 cSt v210oF = 8,36 cSt

Da vo bng tiu chun ASTM nhtNhit , ta suy ra nht ti cc nhit

cn thit:20oC = 187 cSt;50oC = 40 cSt;100oC = 7,3 cSt

im chp chy:im chp chy ca cc phn on c tnh theo cng thc (4.102/164[3]):

PE =

10

10

ln.0034254.084947.2

02421.0

1

TT

Vi: T10 l nhit tng ng vi 10% chng ct trn ng ASTM, K


40/77

T10 = 386,42K ( tnh phn trn) PEDSV = 153,02oC

Ch s cetane:

Gi tr ch scetane c tnh theo cng thc (3.129/138[2]):

2

5050

2

).(log083,97.554,0.74,774.416,164174,454 TTIC Vi = 0,914 kg/l v T50 = 422,36

oC IC = 36,23

Khi lng phn t :

Tnh theo cng thc Riazi nh i vi phn on LGO v HGO ca phn xng chng

ct kh quyn. Ta c gi tr PMDSV = 399,077(kg/kmol)

im chy (PP) :

Tnh theo cng thc API nh i vi phn on RA, ta c gi tr PPDSV = 22,22oC

Bng 5 :Cn bng vt cht phn xng VDU

Phn on %wt/RA m(kt/an) v(km3/an) d15/4 %S wt

DSV 59.57 1687.66 1829.59 0.922 2.450

RSV 40.43 1145.61 1124.80 1.019 4.260

Bng 6 : Tnh cht ca phn on DSV

Tmav vis 20oC Vis 50oC Vis 100oC Kw Flash Point API PM Pour Point

444.26 187 40 7.3 11.78 153.02 21.59 399.08 22.22

2.3. Phn xng gim nht

Phn xng gim nht VBU hot ng vi ngun nguyn liu l cn chng ct chnkhng (mt phn hay hon ton). Mc ch ch yu ca phn xng ny l nng cao gi tr

s dng ca phn on cn chng ct chn khng, to ra cn gim nht l ngun phi liu

cho du t cng nghip v c th cho du t dn dng.

Cc c im v nguyn liu nh sau:


41/77

Lng RSV tphn xng VDU: 1145,611(kt/nm)

T trng RSV: 1,019

Hm lng lu hunh: 4,26 % khi lng

Chn phn trm RSV x l: 48% Lng RSV x l ti VBU: 444,29 (kt/nm)

Lng RSV lm bitumen (theo nhu cu): 220 kt/nm

Lng RSV cn li: 481,32 (kt/nm)

Thtch RSV c x l: 436,22 (km3/nm)

Qu trnh gim nht to ra cc sn phm l: kh C2-, C3, C4, xng gim nht, v ch

yu l cn gim nht. Hiu sut thu cc sn phm c ly theo s liu thc nghim.

Bng 7 : Cn bng vt cht phn xng gim nht

Phn on %m %v m(kt/nm) v(km3/nm) d15/4 %S

C2- 0,927 2,393 4,12 11,03 0,373

C3 0,816 1,551 3,63 7,15 0,507

I,n-C4 0,4 0,673 1,78 3,11 0,572

ESS VB 5,878 7,306 26,12 33,68 0,776 1,948

RVB 91,979 88,076 408,66 406,06 1,000 4,507

Total 100 100 444,29 618,72

Cc c im ca xng gim nht v cn gim nht:

p sut hi bo ha thc ca xng gim nht: 0,517 bars

Khi lng phn t ca xng gim nht: 89,014 g/mol

im chp chy ca cn RVB: 70oC

nht 100oC ca RVB: 163,689cSt

nht 50oC ca RVB: 40,5 cSt

2.4. Phn xng HDS


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2.4.1.Tng quan vphn xng HDS

Chc nng ca phn xng:

-Xl lu hunh cc phn on sn phm trung gian (bn sn phm) m bo hm

lng S trong sn phm thng phm di mc tiu chun quy nh.-Xl lu hunh trong cc phn on l nguyn liu ca cc qu trnh chuyn ha,

nhm trnh hin tng ngc xc tc, n mn thit bv m bo tiu chun hm lng S

trong cc sn phm ca qu trnh chuyn ha. V dnh xl HDS cho phn on DSV

trc khi lm nguyn liu cho phn xng FCC, x l tp cht bng Hydro cho phn on

xng nng v xng gim nht trc khi lm nguyn liu cho phn xng reforming xc tc.

Ngun nguyn liu ca phn xng HDS l cc phn on t cc qu trnh lc tch vt

l v cc qu trnh chuyn ha. Nguyn liu c thl cc phn on Kerosene, Gasoil nh,Gasoil nng, cc sn phm ca qu trnh chuyn ha nh LCO tFCC, xng v gasoil gim

nht,Do , v tr ca phn xng HDS c thc minh ha trong s sau:

iu kin tin hnh qu trnh: p sut thay i t 10200 bar, nhit 250450 oC


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Xc tc ca qu trnh x l bng H2c hp thnh t cht mang -Al2O3 v pha

hot ng di dng sunfua Molipen hay Vonfram(W) c tng cng bi Ni, Co. Hm

lng kim loi: 12-15%, cht tng cng 3-5%. Ty theo mc ch ca tng qu trnh m

thnh phn ca cht xc tc s khc nhau:- Co + Mo: mc ch chnh HDS

- Ni + Mo: mc ch chnh HDN, HDO, HDAr

- Ni + W: mc ch chnh HDN, HAD, HDOx

2.4.2.Nguyn liu

Ta s dng 4 ngun nguyn liu c x l HDS l: KER,LGO, HGO, v LCO. tnh

ton trn Excel, lng ti u ca mi loi nguyn liu l: 0% KER, 45% LGO, 32,5 %

HGO, v 0% LCO.Cc s liu v 4 loi nguyn liu trn c tng hp trong bng sau:

S liu c bn ca nguyn liu: KER LGO HGO LCO

Lng nguyn liu, kt/nm 586.213 1080.720 970.013 234.285

Lng x l, kt/nm 0.000 486.324 315.254 0.000

Nng sut x l, % 0.000 45.000 32.500 0.000

Lng cn li, kt/nm 586.213 594.396 654.759 234.285

Lng x l, 1000m3/nm 0.000 574.228 371.575 0.000

d 15/4 , g/cm3 0.793 0.847 0.848 0.961

% S nguyn liu 0.103 0.723 1.680 0.210

T cui phn on 230.000 310.000 380.000 376.412

Tf (oC) (theo ASTM) 220.590 296.207 362.078 358.708

S 0.795 0.849 0.850 0.963

KLPT 158.827 211.762 278.798 182.000

Ch s Ctane 44.693 44.170 52.953 18.200


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Cc tnh ton chi tit nh sau :

i vi phn on LGO (230310oC) v HGO (310380oC)

- Cc s liu vlu lng, t trng, hm lng lu hunh , ch s cetane, khi lng

phn tc ly kt qu tphn xng CDU.- Nhit cui phn on ASTM c tnh theo cng thc RiaziDaubert, vi cc h

sa,b c ly theo T95, a = 1,2146 v b = 0,9657

CT

CT

o

fGOH

o

fGOL

02,36215,273)15,273380.(2146,1

16,29615,273)15,273310.(2146,1

9657,0

9657,0

i vi phn on DSV:

- Cc s liu vlu lng, t trng, hm lng lu hunh , ch scetane c ly kt

qu tphn xng CDU.- Nhit cui phn on ASTM c tnh theo cng thc RiaziDaubert, vi cc h

sa,b c ly theo T95, a = 1,2146 v b = 0,9657

CT ofDSV 09.52115,273)15,273550.(2146,19657,0

- Khi lng phn t ca DSV c tnh theo cng thc LeeKesler (tr14[1])

)3354,17

32284,0).(02226,080882,01.(10

)466,222

7465,0(

).02058,077084,01.(10

)9917,53741,8.(4,94866,12272

2

3

12

27

bbb

b

b

TSS

TT

SST

STSM

Vi: M l khi lng phn t, kg/kmol

Tb l nhit si trung bnh tiu chun ca phn on, K

S l t trng tiu chun ca phn on

T, ta tnh c M = 391,81 kg/kmol

2.4.3.Tnh ton lng hydro tiu th

2.4.3.1. Lng H2 khS:

Lng H2 kh S ph thuc vo iu kin tin hnh qu trnh, c thhn l hiu

sut chuyn ha ca qu trnh. T hiu sut chuyn ha ca qu trnh c gi thit, tra biu

1 trong phn HDS, ta c th tch H2 tiu thng vi 1% lu hunh b kh.

i vi LGO:


45/77

Chn hiu sut khS l 97%. Hm lng S ban u bng 0,7226%, ta tnh c

hm lng S cn li v hm lng S b kh:

%S (cn li) = 2%.0,7226 = 0,022%

%S (b kh) = 0,7226% - 0,022% = 0,7006%T hiu sut chuyn ha ta tra c th tch H2 tiu thng vi 1% S b kh l

13,69 Sm3/m3 nguyn liu/1%S b kh. T, th tch H2tng ng trn 1 m3 nguyn liu:

13,69.0,7006 = 9,59 (Sm3/m3 nguyn liu).

Th tch H2 kh S tnh trn tn nguyn liu: 012,1847,0.4,22

2.59,9

i vi HGO v DSV, tng tnh i vi LGO, kt qu cho bng sau:

Nguyn liu KER LGO HGO LCO

Hiu sut kh S 98 97 96 97

%S ban u (%wt) 0.1030 0.7226 1.6798 0.2100

%S cn li trong sn phm (%wt) 0.002 0.022 0.067 0.006

% Sb kh (%wt) 0.1009 0.7009 1.6126 0.2037

T trng 0.7930 0.8469 0.8484 0.9610

V H2tiu th / 1% S (Sm3 H2/m

3 charge) 13 13.69 13.71 15.203

V H2 kh S (Sm3 H2/m

3nguyn liu) 1.312 9.596 22.108 3.097

Lng H2kh S (tn H2/tn nguyn liu) 0.148 1.012 2.327 0.288

2.4.3.2. Lng H2 no ha Aromatic:

Lng H2 no ha Aromatic tnh cho 1 m3 nguyn liu c tra vo gin , da

vo im cui trn ng ASTM ca cc phn on. Kt qu cho bng sau:


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Nguyn liu KER LGO HGO LCO

Tf (oC) (theo ASTM) 220.59 296.21 362.08 358.71

Lng H2 no ha vng thm m3/ m3charge 3.87 6.3 8.57 8.46

Lng H2 no ha vng thm ( /tn ngl) 0.436 0.664 0.902 0.786

2.4.3.3. Lng H2 no ha olefin:

i vi cc phn on nh LGO, HGO v DSV, v cc qu trnh trc khng c

mc ch l b gy mch phn t, do c thxem l hm lng olefin trong cc phn

on ny bng 0, tc l khng cn H2 no ha olefin.

2.4.3.4. Tng lng H2 tiu th:

Nh vy, lng H2 tiu th tng cho mi loi nguyn liu bng lng H2 kh S v

H2 no ha aromatic, olefin.

V dtnh cho trng hp LGO:

- Tng lng H2 tiu th trn 1 m3 nguyn liu: 9,596 + 6,3 = 15,896

- Lng H2 tiu thtrn nm: 15,896.574,228 = 9127,762 (km3/nm)

- Lng H2 tiu th: 9127,762.2/22400 = 0,815 (kt/nm)

- Lng H2S to ra: (0,745.486,324)/100 = 3,62 (kt/nm)

Tnh ton tng t cho HGO v DSV ta c bng sau:

Nguyn liu KER LGO HGO DSV

Tng H2 tiu th m3/m3 charge 5.182 15.896 30.678 47,53

Tng H2 tiu th km3/nm 0.000 9127.762 11399.290 36520,54

Tng H2 tiu th kt/nm 0.0000 0.8150 1.0178 3,26

% H2S to thnh 0.107 0.745 1.713 2,42

Lng H2S to thnh (kt/an) 0.000 3.622 5.401 17,16


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2.4.4.Tnh ton lng kh v xng thu c

Hiu sut thu kh: T %S b kh v phn t lng ca nguyn liu, tra th

Procedes HDS, ta c hiu sut thu cc kh (so vi phn on kh):

Kh C1 C2 C3 i-C4 n-C4 i-C5 n-C5

Hiu sut (%) 14 18,5 20 8,5 13 15,5 10,5

V hiu sut thu phn on C1C5 tra c t quan h ph thuc vo phn t

lng ca nguyn liu v %S b kh. Ta c hiu sut thu phn on C1C5 ca mi loi

nguyn liu nh sau:

Nguyn liu LGO HGO DSV LCOHiu sut, %kl 0,299 0,279 0,276 0,09

T ta tnh c hiu sut thu mi loi kh so vi nguyn liu, bng cch nhn

hiu sut thu kh so vi phn on kh C1C5 vi hiu sut thu phn on C1C5.

Hiu sut thu xng: Thm lng S b kh, tra th quan h gia %S b kh vi

hiu sut thu xng (80 150oC), ta c hiu sut thu xng 80 150oC, hiu sut thu xng

tng s bng hiu sut thu xng 80 150o

C cng vi hiu sut thu iC5 v nC5.Hiu sut thu xng 80 150oC i vi trng hp nguyn liu l LGO c tra t phn

trm S b kh, khong 0,48%.

Hiu sut thu xng 80 150oC i vi trng hp nguyn liu l HGO v DSV c

ngoi suy, i vi HGO l 1,064% , vi DSV l 1,584% v LCO l 0,097%.


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Nguyn liu LGO HGO DSV

%S b kh 0.701 Lu lng 1.613 Lu lng 2.279 Lu lng

Hiu sut thu phndon C1- C5 %m

0.334 0.000 0.345 0.000 0.276 1.959

C1 0.044 0.590 0.077 0.468 0.039 0.274

C2 0.058 0.780 0.102 0.619 0.051 0.362

C3 0.063 0.843 0.110 0.669 0.055 0.392

iC4 0.027 0.358 0.047 0.284 0.023 0.166

nC4 0.041 0.548 0.071 0.435 0.036 0.255

iC5 0.049 0.653 0.085 0.519 0.043 0.304

nC5 0.033 0.442 0.058 0.351 0.029 0.206

Hiu su t thu xng80-150oC

0.480 3.225 1.064 2.972 1.584 11.231

Tnh ton ta c bng hiu sut thu xng v kh i vi cc loi nguyn liu :

2.4.5. Sn phm chnh sau HDS

Sau qu trnh HDS, bng cc kt qu kinh nghim tra t trang 411[3], ta c c

cc tnh cht ca sn phm khS. nht 50oC ca LGO gim i 0,2 cSt v ca HGO

gim i 0,25 cSt so vi LGO v HGO cha kh S ; nht 50oC ca DSV gim 0,3 n v

so vi DSV cha kh S. Xem nh nhit chp chy ca cc sn phm khng i. Ttrng DSV v LCO gim i 0,043 n v ([3]) v ch s cetane ca DSV tng 7 n v(c

lng). Ta c bng sau:

SN PHM H S KER LGO HGO DSV

Lu lng kt/nm 0.00 480.02 308.09 681,73

d154 , g/cm3 0.783 0.834 0.838 0,91

%S cn li trong sn phm 0.002 0.022 0.067 0,172

Ch s Ctane 47.693 47.170 55.953 46,23

v50 1.130 2.350 5.250 39,70

T clair 58.73 100.24 132.77 153,02


49/77

Bng 8 : Cn bng vt cht phn xng HDS

HDS LGO m %m d V %S IC

H2 -0.815 -0.168

H2S 3.622 0.745

C2- 0.472 0.097

C3 0.291 0.060

C4 0.313 0.064

ESS 2.421 0.498

LGO_ Des 480.021 98.704 0.8339 575.62068 0.022 47.170

Charge 486.324 100.000 0.8469 574.22752 0.723 44.170

HDS HGO m %m d V %S IC

H2 -1.018 -0.323

H2S 5.401 1.713

C2- 0.285 0.091

C3 0.176 0.056

C4 0.189 0.060

ESS 2.129 0.675

HGO_Des 308.092 97.728 0.8384 367.4642113 0.067 55.953

Charge 315.254 100.000 0.8484 371.5753062 0.850 52.953

HDS DSV %m m (kt/an) d V %S IC

H2 -0.460 -3.261

H2S 2.421 17.161

C2- 0.090 0.637

C3 0.055 0.392

C4 0.059 0.421

ESS 1.656 11.740

DSV_Des 96.178 681.726 0.9104 748.80 0.172 -

Charge 100.000 708.815 0.9224 768.43 2.450 -


50/77

2.5. Phn xng cracking xc tc

2.5.1.Tng quan vphn xng FCC

- Mc ch: chuyn ha cc phn on nng di tc dng ca cht xc tc, nhmtng hiu sut thu hi xng v LPG.

- Nguyn liu: ngun nguyn liu in hnh l DSV (Vacuum Distilate gasoil

chn khng) vi im si u t 350-380oC v im si cui khong 550-560oC. Ngoi ra,

ngi ta cn c th trn thm cc ngun distillate nh ca chng ct kh quyn, qu trnh

gim nht, cc ha, hoc cn chn khng tch asphalt (> 550oC) v t 1050% khi

lng cn chng ct kh quyn. Nguyn liu c t trng khong 0,90,98.

- Sn phm: Fuel gas: 3 5% khi lng, gm C2-, H2S, ra ngc chiu bng DEA hay

TEA loi b H2S.

Kh du m ha lng (LPG): 720% khi lng, lm nguyn liu cho ha du,

phn on C4 giu iso-olefin dng sn xut MTBE v C4= lm nguyn liu cho phn xng

ankyl ha.

Xng: 40 60% khi lng, c RON cao (9095) nhng nhy ln (khong

12).

LCO (Light Cycle Oil): khong phn on 220380oC, chim 10 20% khi

lng, giu cc hp cht thm nn ch s cetane thp.

HCO (Heavy Cycle Oil): 380 550oC, chim 5 10% khi lng, nhiu hp

cht thm a vng, ch yu phi liu cho FO.

Cn (Slury): > 550oC, chim t 5 20% khi lng, l sn phm rt nng

dng huyn ph cha nhng thnh phn nng nht cha chuyn ha v nhng ht rn nh

cc ht xc tc b ko theo. Phn huyn ph rn c tch ra v phi trn FO.

Cc: chim t 3 7% khi lng, lm nhin liu t trc tip cung cp cho

ton b qu trnh.


51/77

- c im: hiu sut chuyn ha c tnh bng tng hiu sut thu kh, xng, cc,

ph thuc vo loi nguyn liu. Nguyn liu c Kuop cng ln th chuyn ha cng ln.

nghim ngt ca qu trnh cng ln th hiu sut thu xng gim nhng xng thu c c

RON ln.2.5.2. Nguyn liu

2.5.3. y, ta s dng nguyn liu l ngun DSV cha qua HDS kt hp vi mt

phn ln DSV x l HDS.

Lng DSV khng x l HDS: 1687,56708,82 = 978,84 (kt/nm)

Lng DSV HDS lm nguyn liu FCC l: 681,73 (kt/nm)

Bng c im nguyn liu FCC:

C IM NGUYN LIU CA FCC

DSV x l HDS DSV th Total

m (kt/nm) 681,73 978,84 1660,57

d15/4 0,91 0,922 0,917

V (km3/nm) 748,80 1061,17 1809,89

%S (wt) 0,172 2,450 1,515API - 21,595 22,417

Kw - 11,78 -


T API v Kuop ca nguyn liu DSV ta tm c hiu sut chuyn ha theo th l

66,4% th tch, hiu sut ny tnh bng tng hiu sut thu kh, xng, cc.

T phn trm chuyn ha l 66,4% th tch v RON ca xng thu c chn l 92, ta

tra c hiu sut thu kh kh l 6,71% khi lng.

Hiu sut thu (khi lng hay th tch) ca cc kh C2-, C3=, C3, C4=, i,nC4c tra

theo hiu sut thu kh kh C2-. Hiu sut thu xng (theo th tch) c tra theo Ron ca

xng, y ta chn RON = 92 th hiu sut thu xng l 55,1% th tch.


52/77

Hiu sut thu LCO (% thtch) c tra theo API v Kw ca nguyn liu, y ta

tra c hiu sut thu LCO l 13,47% th tch. Hiu sut thu HCO + slurry bng:

%V (HCO +Slury) = 100 - %V (LCO)CONV

M CONV l hiu sut chuyn ha ca qu trnh, bng 66,4% th tch.%V (HCO +Slury)= 100-13,47-66,4 = 20,1 % khi lng.

Phn trm lu hunh trong cc phn on xng FCC, LCO, HCO + Slury c tra

theo phn trm S trong nguyn liu. Ta c bng sau:

phn on %m %v m (kt/nm v(km3/nm d15/4

C2- 1.60 3.936 26.569 71.23 0.373

C3= 3.68 6.456 61.109 116.84 0.523

C3- 1.31 2.366 21.753 42.82 0.508

C4= 2.74 4.190 45.577 75.83 0.601

I, n-C4 5.79 9.310 96.214 168.50 0.571

tng 15.13 26.26 251.22 475.23 0.529

Phn on %m %v m(kt/an) v(km3/an) d15/4 %s RON

GAZ 15.13 - 251.22 475.23 0.529

ESS 42.32 55.1 702.82 997.25 0.705 0.123 92

LCO 14.11 13.47 234.28 243.79 0.961 0.21

HCO+SLU 22.49 20.1 373.44 364.33 1.025 3.25

COKE 5.95 98.80

2.5.5.n nh p sut hi bo ha ca xng FCC


53/77

Da theo ti liu thc nghim, ta c p sut hi thc TVV ca xng thu c (cha

k C4 ha tan) l 0,33bars. Trong khi , xng thu c l xng 10 RVP. TVV ca xng 10

RVP c gi tr l: TVV = 0,69.1,06 = 0,731 bars.

Do , cn phi n nh p sut hi bo ha cho xng FCC, tc l kn vic hatrn thm C4vo t c xng 10 RVP. Theo thc nghim, c thm 1% th tch C4 vo

th p sut tng ln 50 mbars. Do vy, phn trm th tch C4 cn thm vo:

%C4 (thm vo) = %028,850

3304,731

(so vi xng)

Lng th tch C4 thm vo nguyn liu:

C4 (thm vo) l :

= 80,06 km3/nm

Lng C4thm vo xng c phn bu cho 3 loi C4=, iC4 v nC4.Tnh ra khi lng: 80,06.0,58 = 46,43 (kt/nm)

Nh vy, lng C4= thm vo bng: 15,48 (kt/nm) v iC4 + nC4 bng 30,96 (kt/nm)

T, ta tnh li lng C4=, i,nC4 cn li v lng xng 10 RVP thu c.

2.5.6.Bng cn bng chung FCC

Sau khi n nh p sut hi bo ha thc TVV ca xng FCC, ta xc nh li cn

bng vt cht nh sau:

Bng 9 : Cn bng vt cht phn xng FCC


54/77

Thnh phn %m %V d154Nng sut m

(kt/nm)Nng sut V(103m3/nm)

%S

C2- 1.60 - 0.373 26.57 71.23

C3= 3.68 - 0.523 61.11 116.84

C3 1.31 - 0.508 21.75 42.82

C4= 2.74 - 0.601 30.10 50.08

iC4+nC4 5.79 9.3 0.571 65.26 114.29

Tng kh 15.13 - 0.518 204.79 395.26

Xng 10 RVP 42.32 55.10 0.705 749.25 997.25 0.1230

LCO 14.11 13.47 0.961 234.28 243.79 0.2100

HCO+slurry 22.49 20.13 1.025 373.44 364.33 3.2500

Cc 5.95 98.80

Tng SP 100.00 1660.57

c im cc sn phm c ly t thc nghim:

Bng 10 : c im cc phn on sn phm ca FCC

Phn on RONTVV(bar)

Flashpoint, oC

KLPT,g/mol

20, cSt 50, cSt 100, cSt IC

Xng 10 RVP 92 0,731 97

LCO 73 4,8 2,79 1,2 18,2

HCO + slurry 120 380 48 7 19

2.6. Phn xng reforming xc tc

2.6.1.Tng quan vphn xng RC


55/77

-Mc ch: nhm bin i thnh phn ca cc phn on nh xng c s nguyn t

cacbon t 6 n 10, m ch yu l C7 n C9. Trong hydrocacbon b bin i l

paraffine, naphten vi s c mt ca xc tc, to thnh cc hydrocacbon thm c s nguyn

tCacbon tng ng.-Nguyn liu in hnh l phn on xng nng ca qu trnh chng ct trc tip,

ngoi ra cn phi trn thm xng gim nht.

-Sn phm:

Kh H2: (2 4% khi lng) vi mt lng nh hi lu ti sinh cn mt

lng ln dng cho cc qu trnh HDT, HDC. Kh H2y r, ch bng 1/101/15 so vi

H2thu c tphng php iu ch.

Kh kh: (1-4% khi lng): l kh t cung cp nng lng cho nh my.LPG: (5-14% khi lng).

Reformate : t 80 90% khi lng, c RON cao (98 100), nhng c nhc

im l nhy v hm lng aromatic ln, c bit l hm lng benzene cao. Do ,

ngun xng ny khng c s dng trc tip m phi trn vi cc loi khc to xng

thng phm.

-c im: Vi cng nguyn liu, nu tng nghim ngt ca qu trnh th hiu sut

thu xng gim, hiu sut thu kh tng, nhng b li RON ca xng cao. Mt khc, vi cng

nghim ngt, nguyn liu c Kw cng ln th hiu sut thu xng cng gim.

2.6.2.Nguyn liu

Ton bxng nng tchng ct kh quyn v xng gim nht c a qua phn

xng RC. Cc c im v nguyn liu c cho di y:

Nguyn liu BZN Xng VB Tng

m (kt/nm) 1189,15 26,12 1215,26

v (km3/an) 1603,10 33,68 1636,78

d15/4 (kg/l) 0,742 0,78 0,74

Kw 12,05 - 12,05


56/77


Hiu sut thu kh H2c tnh theo cng thc:

%m (H2) = 4,90,2.Kw = 4,90,2.12,05 = 2,49 %

Ta chn RON cho reformate thu c bng 98, khi da vo th, ta tra chiu sut thu reformate (% th tch) theo Kw ca nguyn liu v RON thu c. Gi tr ny

bng 78,3 % th tch.

Hiu sut thu kh C1, C2, C3, i,nC4 (% khi lng) tra theo hiu sut thu xng.

Gi tr p sut hi bo ha RVP ca reformate c ly theo thc nghim (trang 380

[3]). Gi tr ny bng 0,3 bar. Suy ra TVV = 0,3.1,045 = 0,3135 bars

Ta c bng cn bng vt cht cho phn xng RC:

Bng 11 : Cn bng vt cht phn xng CR

Snphm %m %Vm(kt/nm)

V (km3/an) d15/4 RON

H2 2,4930,26

C1 1,451,62

C2 2,755,58 33,42 89,53 0,373

C3 3,885,80 47,09 92,90 0,507

I,n-C4 5,637,47 68,42 119,82 0,571

C5+ 83,81 78,31018,45 1281,6 0,795 98

Total 100,0 1215,3


57/77

2.7. Cn bng vt cht chung cho nh my

Bng 12 : Cn bng vt cht chung nh my

Lng tiu th hoc to ra t mi phn xng, lu lng khi lng (kt/an)

CDU VDU CR FCC HDS LGO HDS HGO HDS LCO HDS DSV VB TOTAL

Du th -7600.00 -7600.00

H2 30.26 -0.81 -1.02 0.00 -3.261 25.17

H2S 3.62 5.40 0.00 17.161 26.18

C2- 0.76 51.04 26.57 0.47 0.29 0.00 0.637 4.12 83.88C3 15.96 47.09 82.86 0.29 0.18 0.00 0.392 3.63 150.40

C4 97.28 68.42 95.36 0.31 0.19 0.00 0.421 1.78 263.76

ESS NH DA 276.64 276.64

ESS NNG DA 1189.15 -1189.15 0.00

REFORMAT 1018.45 1018.45

ESS FCC 749.25 749.25

ESS HDS 2.42 2.13 0.00 11.740 16.29

ESS VB -26.12 26.12 0.00

KER CHA KH S 586.21 586.21

KER KH S 0.00

LGO CHA KH S 1080.72 -486.32 594.40

LGO KH S 480.02 480.02

HGO CHA KH S 970.01 -315.25 654.76

HGO KH S 308.09 308.09LCO CHA KH S 234.28 0.00 234.28

LCO KH S 0.00 0.00

HCO 373.44 373.44

RA 3383.27 -2833.27 550.00

DSV KH S -681.73 681.73 0.00

DSV CHA KH S 1687.66 -978.84 -708.82 0.00

RSV 1145.61 -444.29 701.32

RVB 408.66 408.66

COKE 98.80 98.80


58/77


59/77

%Sil hm lng lu hunh trong phn i em phi liu

mi: phn trm khi lng ca phn i em phi liu

Ch soctan: tnh theo phng php cng tnh th tch

i

ii

v

vRONRON

.

Vi : RONi l ch s octan ca phn i em phi liu

Vi l th tch phn i tham gia phi liu

RON l ch s octan ca sn phm

p sut hi bo ho: tnh theo phng php cng tnh phn mol

i

ii

mol

molTVVTVV

.

Vi : TVV l p sut hi bo ho ca sn phm

TVVi l p sut hi bo ho ca phn th i tham gia phi liu

moli l phn mol ca phn i tham gia phi liu

Ch s cetan : Tnh theo phng php cng tnh th tch

i

ii

v

vICIC

.

Vi : IC l ch s cetan ca sn phm

ICi l ch s cetan ca phn i tham gia phi liu

Vi: phn th tch th i tham gia phi liu

Ch s trn ln ca im chp chy: Tnh theo phng php cng tnh khi lng

i

iFPi

FPm

mBIBI

.

Vi : BIFP l ch s trn ln im chp chy ca sn phm

BIFpi : ch s trn ln im chp chy phn i tham gia phi liu


60/77

mi: khi lng phn i tham gia phi liu

(BIFPFlash Point Blending Index)

Ch s trn ln ca nht:

i

ivi

vV

VBIBI

.

Vi : BIv l ch s trn ln nht ca sn phm

BIvi l ch s trn ln ca nht ca phn th i tham gia phi liu

Vi: th tch phn i tham gia phi liu

Ch s trn ln ca im chy: Tnh theophng php cng tnh khi lng

i

iPPi

PPm

mBIBI

.

Vi : BIPP l ch s trn ln im chy ca sn phmBIPpi : ch s trn ln im chy phn i tham gia phi liu

mi: khi lng phn i tham gia phi liu

3.2. Cc rng buc

Mi loi sn phm s chu mt s 60hem buc v ch tiu cht lng khc nhau. Do ta phi phi trn cc bn sn phm thu c t cc qu trnh xl t c yu cu tra.

Gi mi v Vil lu lng khi lng v th tch ca bn thnh phm thi em i phi

liu. Ta lp cc rng buc nh sau:

Rng buc v t trng: m axm in d

d

m

md

i

i

i

Rng buc vhm lng S: ma xmin.

Sm

mSS

i

ii

Rng buc v ch s octan:

i

i

ii

i

d

m

RONd

m

RON

.

min


61/77

Rng buc v p sut hi bo ha thc TVV: ma xmin

.

TVV

PM

m

PM

TVVm

TVV

i

i

i

ii

Vi PMi l phn tlng ca thnh phn th i tham gia gia phi liu.

Rng buc v ch s cetan : m in

.

IC

d

m

d

ICm

i

i

i

ii

Cc rng buc lin quan n ch s trn ln

im chp chy, im chy, nht ca sn phm c tnh ton phi liu t cc bn

thnh phm thng qua ch s chp chy hn hp, ch sim chy hn hp, ch s nhthn hp (BI Blending Index). Do , t cc s liu vim chp chy, im chy,

nht, tra th quan h gia ch sim chp chy vi ch s chp chy; im chy vi ch

s im chy; nht vi ch s nht ta s c c cc ch s chp chy, ch s

imchy, ch s nht ca tng ngun phi liu c s. Sau , s dng phng php

cng tnh (th tch hay khi lng) tnh c ch s hn hp ca sn phm, v t tra

ngc li gi trim chp chy, im chy, nht tng ng ca sn phm.

Nh vy, rng buc v cc tnh cht im chp chy, im chy v nht c thhin thng qua rng buc v ch s hn hp tng ng.

Rng buc: BIm(min) BIm BIm(max)

Trong , BIm(min) v BIm(max)c tra thng qua tiu chun min v/hoc max ca cc

tnh cht tng ng.

Qu trnh phi liu c thc hin nhtrnh tnh ton ti u ho Solver ca Excel.

3.3. Cc bc tin hnh:

Mc ch: m bo cc ch tiu v cht lng v slng sn phm tha mn yu

cu thtrng.

Nguyn tc: T cc tnh cht k thut ca cc phn on nh: ch s octan, p sut hi,

hm lng lu hunh, nht, ch s Ctane, t trng, im chy, nhit chp chy, hm


62/77

lng Aromatic.ta phi phi trn sao cho tiu chun k thut phi nhhn (i vi gi tr

max) hay ln hn (i vi gi tr min) cc ch tiu cn t c ca sn phm thng phm.

Cc bc tin hnh:

- Ti a cng sut ca cc phn xng DSV, RC, FCC, HDS, VB- Tin hnh phi liu cho tng phn xng: gm cc bc tnh cc tiu chun k thut ca

sn phm theo nguyn tc cng tnh khi lng hay thtch (nh ni phn 3.1)

- nht, im chy, nhit chp chy c xc nh thng qua ch s hn hp. i

vi nht v im chy th ch s hn hp ca n t l thun vi nht, cn nhit

chp chy th t l nghch vi ch s hn hp ca n (v dnh nhit chp chy ca FO2

ln hn 70oC th ch s hn hp ca n phi nhhn 20 chng hn).

- Lp cc phng trnh, bt phng trnh biu din cc rng buc v slng cng nhcht lng sn phm

- Gii hcc phng trnh v bt phng trnh bng Solver

- Sau khi phi liu xong, kim tra xem bn sn phm no tha, bn sn phm no thiu so

vi nhu cu th trng tin hnh cc bc iu chnh cng sut ca cc phn xng:

phn xng chng ct chn khng, phn xng FCC, phn xng reforming xc tc, phn

xng HDS, phn xng gim nht.

- Kim tra cn bng nng lng ca nh my: phi m bo nng lng thu c t qutrnh t chy nhin liu trong nh my l ln hn hoc bng 10% tiu thnng lng ni

b ca ton nh my.

3.4. Phi trn cc sn phm

3.4.1. Propane thng mi v Butane thng mi

S liu ban u:

Ngun C3

C4

m (kt/nm) 150,40 263,76

V(km3/nm) 296,71 444,96

d15/4 0,51 0,593

Tiu chun k thut:


63/77

Tiu chun k thut

Thnh phn, %vol C3 C4

min C3+ C3= 90

max C3+ C3=

19

Propane thng phm

Bng 13 : Phi trn Propane thng phm

Ngun Phi liu Sn phm

C3 C4 C3 C3

m (kt/nm) 150,40 263,76 110 110

v (km

3

/nm)296,71 444,96 217,01 217,01

d15/4 0,51 0,59 0,51 0,507

%v - - 100%Butane thng phm

Bng 14 : Phi trn Butane thng phm

Ngun Phi liu Sn phm

C3 C4 C4 BUTANE

m (kt/nm) 150,04 263,76 160 160

v (km3/nm) 296,71 444,96 269,93 269,93

d15/4 0,51 0,59 0,59 0,59

%v - - 100Lng d: Propane: 40,40 (kt/nm) v Butane: 103,76 (kt/nm)

3.4.2. Xng SUPER 95

Xng SUPER 95 c phi trn t 4 ngun:, xng nh, xng FCC, xng Reformat, C4.

Trong , xng Reformat l ngun phi trn ch yu, do c RON cao (98) v hm lng S

rt nh (xem bng 0). Xng nhc a vo m bo hm lng Aromatic cn C4c dng tng p sut hi bo ho v mt phn ci thin ch s Octan.

S liu ban u:

Ngun Xngnh Xng FCC REFORMAT C4


64/77

m (kt/nm) 276,64 749,25 1018,45 103,76

Yu cu k thut: c ly theo tiu chun TCVN 67762005

Tiu chun k thut

Min Maxd15/4 Bo co Bo co

%S, %kl 0,05

RON 95

TVV 0,43 0,75

Phi trn

Bng 15 : Phi trn xng Super 95 thng phmPhi liu

SU95 phi liuXngnh Xng FCC REFORMAT C4

m (kt/nm) 10,86 440,61 606,55 41,99 1100

v (km3/nm) 16,78 625,19 763,27 70,83 1476,08

d15/4 0,647 0,705 0,795 0,59 0,745

%S (m) 0,024 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,05

RON 64 92 98 96,5 95TVV (bars) 0,76 0,73 0,31 4,27 0,75

PM (g/mol) 77,5 97 107 57,80

N (kmol/nm) 0,14 4,54 5,67 0,73 11,8

%vol 1,14 42,35 51,71 4,8 100

Phn d sau phi trn:

D Xngnh Xng FCC REFORMAT C4

m(kt/nm) 265,78 308,64 411,90 61,77

3.4.3. Xng 92


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Xng t (CA92) thng c phi trn t 4 ngun: xng nh, xng FCC, xng

Reformat, C4.

Ngun phi trn ch yu l xng FCC, xng nh. Xng nh nhm m bo hm lng S

do xng ny c hm lng S thp. Xng Reformat thm vo nhm ci thin ch s Octan vhm lng S do xng Reformat c tr sOctan cao v hm lng S kh thp.

Yu cu k thut:

Tiu chun k thut

Min Max

d /4 Bo co Bo co

%S, %kl 0,05

RON 92 92TVV (bars) 0,43 0,75

S liu ban u:

D Xngnh Xng FCC REFORMAT C4

m(kt/an) 265,78 308,64 411,90 61,77Phi trn:

Bng 16 : Phi trn xng 92 thng phm

Phi liuCA92Xngnh Xng FCC REFORMAT C4

m (kt/nm) 73 308,64 411,90 6,46 800

V (km3/nm) 112,82 437,95 518,33 10,89 1080

d15/4 0,65 0,70 0,79 0,59 0,741

%S (m) 0,024 0,123 0 0 0,05

RON 64 92 98,00 96,50 92

TVV(bars) 0,76 0,73 0,31 4,27 0,585

PM (g/mol) 77,5 97 107 57,8N (Kmol/nm) 0,94 3,18 3,85 0,11 8,085

%vol 10,45 40,55 47,99 1,01

Phn d:


66/77

Phn d Xngnh Xng FCC REFORMAT C4

m(kt/nm) 192,79 0,00 0,00 55,312

3.4.4. Nguyn liu ha duy, ngun phi trn cho nguyn liu ha du gm xng nh, xng HDS v Butane

cn d sau khi phi trn Butane thng mi, CA92 v SU95.

S liu ban u:

Ngun Xng nh Xng HDS C3 C4

m (kt/nm) 192,79 16,29 40,40 55,31

d15

/4 0,647V (km3/nm) 297,97

Phi trn :

Phi trn Xngnh Xng HDS

m(kt/nm) 183,71 16,29

Phn d :

Ngun Xng nh C3 C4

m (kt/nm) 9,075 40,40 55,31

3.4.5. Nhin liu phn lc Jet A1

Phn on Kerosne ca qu trnh chng ct trc tip m bo c cc tiu chun k

thut (hm lng lu hunh, nhit chp chy, im chy, ch s Xtan, t trng) canhin liu phn lc nn ta s dng trc tip phn on ny lm nhin liu cho ng c phn

lc.

Tiu chun k thut v cht lng phn on Kerosene


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Tiu chun k thut (TCVN 6776 2005) Tnh cht ca phn on KER

t phn xng DAMax

d15/4 0,82 0,793

%S (%wt) 0,3 0,103

% Aro, (%wt) 22 20,94

im chy, oC -47 -53,10

im chp chy, oC 38 58,73

nht -20

o

C, cSt 81,99

Yu cu slng JetA1 : 240 kt/nm

Phn d : 586,21240 = 346,21 (kt/nm)

3.4.6. Nhin liu Diesel

V hm lng lu hunh ti a trong Diesel thng phm l 0,05% nn ta khng

th s dng trc tip phn on Gasoil ca qu trnh chng kh quyn c m phi khlu

hunh cho phn on Gasoil (ty thuc vo nng sut sn phm thu c m chn lng %

Gasoil vo cc phn xng HDS). y, ta ch s dng 2 ngun phi trn cho Diesel

thng phm l LGO khS v HGO kh S. S liu ban u :

Ngun LGO kh S HGO kh S KER th

m(kt/nm) 480,02 308,09 346.21

Yu cu k thut :

Theo TCVN 56892005 c 6 yu cu ch yu cn phi tun thi vi diesel

thng phm :


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Tnh chtYu cu k thut

Min Max

T trng d15

/4 0,82 0,86%S, (%kl) 0,05

Ch s cetane IC 46

im chp chy, oC 55

nht 40oC, cSt 2 4,5

im chy, oC 6

Phi trn :

Bng 17 : Phi trn Diesel thng phm

Phi liu GO sn phm

LGO kh S HGO kh S KER th

m (kt/nm) 480,02 306,766 163,21 950

V (km3/nm) 575,62 365,88 205,82 1147,32

d15/4 0,834 0,838 0,793 0,828

%S (%m) 0,022 0,067 0,103 0,05

IC 47,17 55,95 44,69 49,52

Flash Point, oC 100,24 132,77 58,73 72

BIf 0,4 5,8 0 2,075

nht 40oC 2,8 6,75 1,3 3,2

BIv 53 43 66 52,143

Pour point, oC -19,2 5 -53,1 -9

BIp 22 44 10,6 27,15

Ch thch : nht 40oC ca LGO v HGO c tra theo gin tiu chun

ASTM nhtnhit , da vo nht 20oC v 100oC. Sau , xem qu trnh


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HDS ci thin nht khong 0,2 0,3 n v. Xem im chy ca LGO HDS v

HGO HDS khng i sau khi qua qu trnh HDS (thc t gim khong 13 n v).

Phn d :

D LGO kh S HGO kh S KER thm (kt/nm) 0 1,326 183

3.4.7. Phi trn Bitume

Sn phm Bitume c phi trn t ngun phi liu l RSV, vi nng sut : 220 kt/nm.

Vy, lng RSV cn li i phi trn FO No1, FO No2 l 288,86 kt/nm.

3.4.8. Du t dn dng (FO No1)

Cc ngun phi liu nh sau:

KER HGO kh S LCO HCO LGO HGO RVB

m 183.000 1.33 234.28 333.44 294.40 364.90 288.66

Cc tiu chun k thut

Tiu chun FO No1

FO No1 Min MaxNhu cu (kt/nm) 1700 1700

d15/4 - 0,995

%S (%m) - 2

IC 40 -

FLASH POINT, oC 66 -

POUR POINT, oC - 12

vis 50, cSt - 87 Phi trn :

Bng 18 : Phi trn du t dn dng


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KER

HGO

kh SLCO HCO LGO HGO RVB FO No1

m 183.000 1.33 234.28 333.44 294.40 364.90 288.66 1700.000

v 230.77 1.58 243.79 325.31 347.61 430.09 286.82 1865.97

d15/4 0.793 0.838 0.961 1.025 0.847 0.848 1.006 0.911

%S (%m) 0.122 0.067 0.210 3.250 0.723 1.680 4.507 1.93

FLASH

POINT58.73 132.77 73.00 120.00 100.24 132.77 70.00 79

BIf 5.80 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.40 0.00 2.50 1.39

POUR

POINT-53.10 5.00 -14.00 16.00 -19.20 5.00 25.00 4

BIp 10.60 44.00 25.00 64.00 22.00 22.00 90.00 40.988

vis 50 1.13 5.25 2.49 48.00 2.55 5.50 40.50 9

BIv 72.00 32.00 53.00 4.00 55.00 41.00 30.00 40.86

Phn d :

DKERth

HGO khS

LCO HCO LGO HGO RVB RSV RA

m(kt/an) 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 300.00 289.86 120.00 481.32 550.00

3.4.9. Du t cng nghip (FO No2)

Tiu chun k thut :

FO No2TCVN 6239:2002min max

m (kt/nm) 1750 1750d /4 0,991%S (m) 3,5Flash Point, oC 66Pour Point, oC 24Bip 82vis 50, cSt 180

Ngun phi liu :


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Ngun LGO HGO HCO RA RVB RSV

m(kt/an) 300.00 289.86 40.000 550.000 120.000 481.318

Phi trn :

Bng 19 : Phi trn du t cng nghip :

LGO HGO HCO RA RVB RSV

m 300.00 289.86 40.00 550.00 120.00 450.14 1750.00

d15/4 0.847 0.848 1.025 0.959 1.006 1.0185 0.936

v 354.225 341.647 39.024 573.514 119.237 441.962 1869.61

%S(m) 0.723 1.680 3.250 3.230 4.507 4.26 2.90

FlashPoint

100.24 132.77 120.00 157.08 70.00 >>> 107.00

Bip 0.4 0 0.000 0.000 2.50 0 0.240

vis 50 2.55 5.5 48.00 365.00 40.50 >> 55.0

Biv 55 41 29.50 21.00 30.50 8.15 28.84

Phn d :

D LGO HGO HCO RA RVB RSV

m(kt/an) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.180


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CHNG 4 : CN BNG NNG LNG NH MY

4 . 1 NNG LNG TIU THCHO CC PHN XNG

Bng 20 : Nng lng yu cu cung cp cho nh my

Phn xng Nguyn liuLng FO quy i

(tn/ kt nguyn liu)Nng lng tiu th quy

i ra kt FO

DA 7600 19 144.400

VDU 2833.27 18 50.999

VB 444.29 23 10.219

FCC 1660.57 2 3.321

RC 1215.26 67 81.423

HDS LGO 486.32 18 8.754

HDS HGO 315.25 18 5.675

HDS DSV 708.82 18 12.759

HDS LCO 0.00 18 0.000

Total 15263.78 317.55

4 .2 NNG LNG THU C TQU TRNH T CHY NHIN

LIU :

Bng 21 : Nng lng do phn d cung cp

Nhin liuLng d so vi nhu

cu (kt/an)T l quy i thnh

FO (kt/kt)Nng lng cung cp (kt

FO)

H2 25.165 2.750 69.205

C2- 83.883 1.230 103.176

C3 40.397 1.180 47.669

C4 55.312 1.160 64.162

HCO 0.000 1.000 0.000

RA 0.000 1.000 0.000

RSV 31.180 1.000 31.180

GAS 9.075 1.110 10.073

LGO 0.000 1.000 0.000

RVB 0.00 0.850 0.000

Total 245.012 325.464


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So snh gi trnng lng cn cung cp v nng lng do qu trnh t chy cc bn sn

phm trung gian, ta thy nng lng d 2,493% so vi nng lng cn cung cp (hp l).

4.3. Cn bng phi trn sn phmBng 22


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CN BNG SN PHM TRUNG GIAN V PHI TRNlu

lngC3 C4 PC SU95 CA92 JETA1 GOM FOD FO2 BITUM NL Tng

H2 25.2 -25.2 0.0

H2S 26.2 0.0 26.2

C2- 83.9 -83.9 0.0

C3 150.4 -110.0 0.0 0.0 -40.4 0.0

C4 263.8 0.0 -160.0 0.0 -42.0 -6.5 -55.3 0.0

ESS NH DA 276.6 -183.7 -10.9 -73.0 -9.1 0.0

ESS NNG DA 0.0 0.0 0.0

REFORMAT 1018.5 -606.5 -411.9 0.0 0.0

ESS FCC 749.3 -440.6 -308.6 0.0 0.0

ESS HDS 16.3 -16.3 0.0 0.0

ESS VB 0.0 0.0 0.0

KER CHA KH S 586.2 -240.0 -163.2 -183.0 0.0 0.0

KER KH S 0.0 0.0 0.0

LGO CHA KH S 594.4 -294.4 -300.0 0.0 0.0

LGO KH S 480.0 -480.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

HGO CHA KH S 654.8 0.0 -364.9 -289.9 0.0 0.0

HGO KH S 308.1 -306.8 -1.3 0.0 0.0

LCO CHA KH S 234.3 0.0 -234.3 0.0 0.0

LCO KH S 0.0 0.0 0.0

HCO 373.4 -333.4 -40.0 0.0 0.0

RA 550.0 -550.0 0.0 0.0

DSV KH S 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

DSV CHA KH S 0.0 0.0 0.0

RSV 701.3 -450.1 -220.0 -31.2 0.0

RVB 408.7 -288.7 -120.0 0.0 0.0

COKE 98.8 98.8

TNG 7600.0 -110 -160 -200 -1100 -800 -240 -950 -1700 -1750 -220 -245 -7600.0

NHU CU 110.0 160.0 200.0 1100.0 800.0 240.0 950.0 1700.0 1750.0 220.0 7230.0


75/77

KT LUN

Sau khi on thnh n cng ngh 1, chng em nhn thy:

tnhton c cn bng vt liu ph hp vi nng sut cc phn xng.

phi liu hon chnh cc sn phm theo yu cu v slng v cc tiu chun t

ra.

Sau khi ti u nng sut ca cc phn xng chuyn ha p ng nhng tiu

chun ca cc sn phm, phn nng lng d kh nh 2,493 % so vi phn nng lng

dng cung cp cho nh my.Nh my lc du theo n ny thit kc nng sut 7,6 triu tn/nm. Mc tiu ca

bi ton l x l nguyn liu mt cch ti u sao cho nh my vn t hiu qu cao v li

nhun kinh t m cn c khnng p ng y cc nhu cu v sn phm du m cho th

trng hin nay.

Vic thc hin n ny cho php chng em nm li cc kin thc c bn ca chuyn

nghnh. Cc khi nim c th ca du th v cc sn phm du m, cc ch tiu no l

quan trng, cn thit phi c i vi tng loi sn phm, hc c cch tnh ton cc thngs t cc cng thc v s dng th.

Vi sgip tn tnh ca gio vin hng dn, chng em hon thnh n ng

vi thi hn quy nh. Tuy nhin khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, chng em rt mong

nhn c s gp ca cc thy c c th hc tp c nhiu kin thc hn.

Cui cng chng em xin chn thnh cm n c gio TS. ng Kim Hong v cc thy

c gio trong khoa nhit tnh hng dn v gip chng em hon thnh tt n ny.


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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Hng dn n Cng ngh I , ThS L ThNh , i hc Bch Khoa Nng.

[2] Characterization and propeties of Petroleum Fractions, M.R Riazi, Professor ofChemical Engineering, Kuwait University.

[3] Ptrole Brut Produits Ptroliers Jean Pierre Wauquier, Institut Francais duPtrole, 1994.

[4] Procds de tran

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