d56 course goals
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D56 Course Goals. understand cultural context of international technology relationships study how culture impacts various tech. management issues identify practices and lessons learned by top firms to deal with these issues. In Order to: avoid costly mistakes build needed capacity - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
D56 Course Goals
understand cultural context of international technology relationships
study how culture impacts various tech. management issues
identify practices and lessons learned by top firms to deal with these issues
In Order to: avoid costly mistakes
build needed capacity
benefit from diversity
Culture Issues in Global TechnologyRelations - Course Structure
Regions & Countries China Japan W. Europe Israel Latin America Eastern Europe Emerging Nations
Technology Relations Technology Transfer Technology Sourcing Standards Collaborations Legal, IPR, Regulatory Negotiations
Cultural IssuesHistory Social Language Norms Etc.
Structures Values
Lectures Speakers Readings Projects
Foundations
1. Culture (old D56)
2. Technology management (D59)
3. Culture Technology Cases
4. Technology Transfer and Sourcing
5. Technology Standards; Collaborations; Roadmapping
6. Legal & regulatory issues; IPR; Negotiations Regional Experiences
7. Asia (China, Japan)
8. Western Europe/Israel and Latin America
9. East/Central Europe; Emerging/Developing economies Projects
10. Oral reports
Issues to Consider
Personal cultural self-awareness National cultural self-awareness Cross-cultural awareness Cross-cultural interaction and
relationship skills Parochialism and ethnocentrism
DEFINING CULTURE
Integrated and contextually dependent system of learned values
Decision making, behavioral and emotional patterns and artifacts are characteristic of the society
Describes social group’s total way of life, what/how they think, say, do and make
Their customs, language, material artifacts, shared systems of attitudes, values and feelings
Is learned and transmitted from generation to generation
Cultures Vary in how Members Perceive:
People- selves, ethos- others, stereotypes
World- dominance, harmony- knowledge, thought
Human Relations- individual/collective- compete/cooperate- inter-generations- gender- norms, taboos, ethics- ownership, meritocracy
Activity- do/achieve, be- control, reward/punish- risk taking- home vs work life
Time- past, present, future- linear, cyclical- time horizons- mono/poly-chronic
Space- public/private- definitions/limits
Form to Rank Order the Countries
High context
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Low context
Rank Order the Countries by Context{high (up)/low (down)}
Northern Italian
Southern Chinese
Urban Egyptian
East Coast U.S.
German
Swiss German
Parisian French
Barcelona Spanish
Japanese
Upper Class English
Southern U.S.
Scandinavian
Radnor’s Order of Countries
High context
1. Japanese
2. Southern Chinese
3. Urban Egyptian
4. Parisian French
5. Barcelona Spanish
6. Northern Italian
7. Upper Class English
8. Southern U.S.
9. Scandinavian
10. German
11. East Coast U.S.
12. Swiss German Low context
Ethnic, Linguistic
ProfessionalOccupationalOrganizational
ClassCaste
ReligiousIdeological
RuralUrban
GeographyClimateConditions
Etc.
RegionNationTribe/clanFamily
LOCUS OF CULTURAL VARIATION(SUB-CULTURES)
High-Low Context by Profession?
High Context
Human Resources
Marketing/Sales
General Management
Manufacturing
R&D
Product Development
Design
Engineering
Information Systems
Finance
Accounting
Low Context
Organization Culture
Function National Culture(s)
TechnologyDemands
UNCERTAINTY CHANGE
Cultural Dynamics
Management Practicesreflect the interplay of:
Context – market– technological– competitive– economic– political– legal
Culture– national– ethnic/religious– class– organizational– group– profession/occupation
US ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES(Values & Ideologies)
Competitive achievement (social Darwinism)
Performance-based/Scientific management
Efficiency Rationality Individualism (plus Human Relations) Egalitarianism Progress & Materialism Quality of life/Humanitarianism Ethnocentrism
Corporate US Culture Shifts
From Paternalism Male Authoritarianism Traditional family Hierarchy Old boy network
To Fraternalism Female Democracy Blended family Horizontal Team
French-German Management Issues Comparison
France Strong sense of person Individuality but rigid rules and
centralization Rigid social structure Work to enjoy the good life Privacy; little employer-
employee discussion Cartesian logic Strong government role; many
state-owned enterprises Little use of consultants Catholic majority
Germany Strong group loyalty Ingrained sense of authority
figures Movement - since WW II Industrious; proud work ethic Formal but communicative;
management-worker rapport Specialism & experience Free enterprise spirit; modest
government involvement Considerable consultant use Protestant majority
French-German Similarities
Delegation of authority Mergers Marketing and advertising Hiring and firing Industry size Planning Family
Aspects of Japanese Culture Impacting Technology
National high-context village; self-perpetuating elites An articulated commitments and obligations system;
power usually wins, is accepted but recourse possible Hierarchical, with bottom-up participation; controlled
decentralization, use of task-forces Harmony, cooperation and consensus valued over
personal achievement; relationships critical Defined, “know your place”, roles; tolerance for
subordinate failure Visionary long-term & broad obligation leadership Detail oriented processes and measures plus images
and symbolism, complex context (“ba”) critical
EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL IMPACT
• How meet• How initiate communications• How communicate - and what constitutes
communication• When you communicate (or not)• Where communicate• Who communicates, to whom• What you communicate• How decisions are made• The speed of decision making - and the speed
of implementation• What regulates business or other relationships
CULTURAL INDICATORS: WORDS WITH NO ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
LESE MAJESTEPHI, PHI BABACI
AMAE / ENRYOGIRI / NINJOSHOKAIJO
WAIWA JAI YIN (CHA YIN)
KRENG CHAI (GENG CHAI)TATEMAE / HONNEMAHARAGEI
CULTURAL INDICATORS: WORDS WITH NO ENGLISH EQUIVALENT(2)
JANTELOVENSANUK
NOMI NI IKIMASHO
SEMPAI, KOHAI (OYABUN, KOBUN)IKU, IKIMASU, IRRASHAIMASU, MAIRIMASU
RINGISHONEMIWASHIMADO GIWA ZOKUGAIJIN (GAIKOKUJIN)
INSHALLAH