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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Design
2013
V.D MICROWAVE LOS DESIGN(SITE C to REPEATER 2)ANGELES CITY HALL SITE C
The name Angeles is derived from El Pueblo de los ngeles (The Town of the Angels, in Spanish) in honor of its patron saints, Los Santos ngeles de los Custodios(Holy Guardian Angels), and the name of its founder, Don ngel Pantalen de Miranda.
Site Coordinates: Lat Long : 15 9'55.61"N : 12036'32.05"E
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Designa) Map View GOOGLE MAP VIEW
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b) Site Description Angeles City (Filipino: Lungsod ng Angeles; Kapampangan: Ciudad ning
Angeles/Lakanbalen ning Angeles), located within the province of Pampanga in thePhilippines is locally classified as a first-class, highly-urbanized city. It is bordered by Mabalacat City to the north; Mexico to the east; San Fernando to the
southeast; Bacolor to the south; and Porac to the southwest and west. The city administers itself autonomously from Pampanga and, as of the 2010 census, it has a population of 326,336.
c) Power Availability ANGELES ELECTRIC CORP.
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System DesignCLARK ELECTRIC DITRIBUTION CORP.
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d) Geological and Seismic Data
On June 15, 1991, Angeles was affected by the cataclysmic eruption of nearby Mount Pinatubo, with up to 60,000 people being evacuated from the city. It was the second-largest volcanic eruption of the twentieth century and, by far, the largest eruption to affect a densely populated area. The province of Pampanga, Clark specifically, were badly hit and the agricultural lands, as well as other businesses, were covered by tons of lahar. There were no casualties reported inside Clark two days from the initial eruption because the 18,000 personnel and their families were transported to Guam and the Subic Naval Base in Zambales.
The eruption of Mount Pinatubo forced the leadership of the U.S. to prematurely abandon its military installation at Clark Air Base. This is in addition to the voting by the Philippine Senate in 1991 to no longer extend the LaurelLangley Agreement, which allows the presence of U.S. military forces on Philippine territory, thus ending the long chapter of Filipino-American relations in the history of Angeles. The U.S. military never returned to Clark, turning over the damaged base to the Philippine government on November 26, 1991
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Designe) Weather Data AVERAGE CLIMATE
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AVERAGE RAINFALL
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Designf) Local Zoning Restrictions CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
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The Clark International Airport (CRK) is located at the heart of Central Luzon, making it the most viable and convenient airport of choice for travellers from NorthCentral Luzon and the northern Metro Manila area who wants to avoid the hustle and bustle of the city streets. It is easily accessible by shuttle bus from various points of Metro Manila and North Luzon.
g) List of EMI
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System DesignPATH PROFILE (SITE C to REPEATER 2) a) Path
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Site C to Repeater 2 has a distance of 8 miles apart with each other. The elevation of site C is 259 (ft) while Repeater 2 has an elevation of 72 (ft). GOOGLE MAP VIEW
PATH ELEVATION
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Designb) Path Profile
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Frequency 14.4 =
Ant. Height E = Ant. Height F =
80.00 140.00
Path Obstacle Location d1 (mi)
Elevation (ft) d2 (mi)8.00 7.50 7.20 6.50 6.00 5.50 5.20 5.00 4.21 4.00 3.30 2.80 2.30 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 259 256 243 225 223 205 199 190 176 170 154 140 140 123 108 93 78 72
EC (ft)
T&G
F1
Fresnel Zone
Total Height
Site D a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Repeater 2
0.00 0.50 0.80 1.50 2.00 2.50 2.80 3.00 3.79 4.00 4.70 5.20 5.70 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00
0.00 1.88 2.88 4.88 6.00 6.88 7.28 7.50 7.98 8.00 7.76 7.28 6.56 6.00 4.88 3.50 1.88 0.00
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
0.00 13.01 16.12 20.98 23.27 24.91 25.63 26.02 26.83 26.87 26.46 25.63 24.32 23.27 20.98 17.77 13.01 0.00
10.00 17.81 19.67 22.59 23.96 24.95 25.38 25.61 26.10 26.12 25.87 25.38 24.59 23.96 22.59 20.66 17.81 10.00
319.00 325.68 315.55 302.46 302.97 286.82 281.66 273.11 260.08 254.13 237.63 222.66 221.15 202.97 185.46 167.17 147.68 132.00
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Designc) Graph350.00 300.00 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00
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EC (ft) Elevation T&G Fresnel
d) LOS Obstacle d1 (mi)0.00 0.50 0.80 1.50 2.00 2.50 2.80 3.00 3.79 4.00 4.70 5.20 5.70
Location
Yi127.00 119.06 114.30 103.19 95.25 87.31 82.55 79.38 66.83 63.50 52.39 44.45 36.51
LOSi339.00 331.06 326.30 315.19 307.25 299.31 294.55 291.38 278.83 275.50 264.39 256.45 248.51
HE - HF127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127
HD339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00
HE212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00
LOSi + F339.00 344.07 342.42 336.16 330.52 324.22 320.18 317.39 305.67 302.37 290.84 282.08 272.84
LOS - F339.00 318.05 310.18 294.21 283.98 274.40 268.92 265.36 252.00 248.63 237.93 230.82 224.19
LOSi + FZ349.00 348.87 345.97 337.77 331.21 324.26 319.93 316.99 304.93 301.62 290.26 281.83 273.11
LOS FZ329.00 313.26 306.63 292.60 283.29 274.37 269.17 265.76 252.73 249.38 238.51 231.07 223.92
Site D a b c d e f g h i j k l
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Design m n o p Repeater 26.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 31.75 23.81 15.88 7.94 0.00 243.75 235.81 227.88 219.94 212.00 127 127 127 127 127 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 339.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 212.00 267.02 256.79 245.65 232.95 212.00 220.48 214.84 210.10 206.93 212.00
2013267.71 258.40 248.54 237.74 222.00 219.79 213.23 207.21 202.13 202.00
e) LOS Graph
400.00 350.00 300.00 EC (ft) 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 Elevation T&G LOSi LOSi + F LOS - F LOSi + FZ LOS - FZ 329.00
2.00
6.50
0.00
0.50
0.80
1.50
2.50
2.80
3.00
3.79
4.00
4.70
5.20
5.70
6.00
7.00
7.50
f) ComputationsCOMPUTATION: Earths Curvature ( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Design( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
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COMPUTATION: Fresnel Zone [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )( )( ) )( )( ) )( )( ) )( )( ) )( )( ) )( )( ) )( )( ) )( )( ) )
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Design[ ( ( )( )( ) )
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COMPUTATION: Line of Sight [ ( ) ( ) ( )] ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )] ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )] ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )] ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )] ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )] ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )] ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )] ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST CALOOCAN CAMPUS
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System DesignREFLECTION AREA Site B (Moncada Municipal Hall) to Site C (Repeater 1) Ant. Height Site B = 90 ft Ant. Height Site C = 100 ft
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Computation
0.45 (15) = 6.75 miles 0.41 (15) = 6.15 miles
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Design
2013
PATH ANALYSIS UNFADED C/NSITE C (ANGELES CITY HALL) to REPEATER 2 1. Site Angeles City Hall to site Repeater 2 2. Latitude / Longitude: 15 9'55.61"N / 12036'32.05"E to Latitude / Longitude: 15 3'56.52"N / 12040'21.50"E 3. Path Length: 8 miles 4. Site D Elevation: 259 ft Antenna Height: 80 ft 5. Site E Elevation: 33 ft Antenna Height: 140 ft 6. Azimuth from True North (Site A): 148.70 Angle of Inclination: 7. Azimuth from True North (Site B): 328.93 328.93 - 148.70 = 180.23 8. Signal Type: Digital 9. Frequency Band: 14.4 GHz - 14.88 GHz Frequency: 14.43 GHz 14.85 GHz 10. FDM Channel: 8 Channels 11. Type of Transmitter Equipment: Model FLR 15 Transmitter Output Power: Po = 1 Watt Po = 30 dBm 12. Tx Transmission Line Losses a) Waveguide Type: EWP132 - 144 Length: 80 + 50 = 130 Ft b) Waveguide Loss/Length: 4.70 dB / 100 Ft Waveguide Loss: 6.11 dB c) Flex Guide Loss: 0 dB d) Connector / Transition Loss: 0.04 dB e) Directional Coupler Loss: 0 dB f) Circulator / Hybrid Loss: 0 dB g) Other Losses: 0 dB h) Total Transition Losses: 6.11 dB + 0.04 dB TLL(Tx): 6.15 dB 13. Tx Antenna Type: High Performance Antenna / Dual Polarized (HS10-144) Diameter: 10 Ft Computed Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log(10 Ft) + 20log(14.43 GHz) = 50.69 dB 14. Radome Loss = 50.69 50.8 Antenna Gain = 50.8 dB Radome Loss = 0.11 dB 15. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power: EIRP = Po(dBm) + G(Tx) - TLL(Tx) UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST CALOOCAN CAMPUS 126 | P a g e ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System DesignEIRP = 30 dBm + 50.8 dB 6.15 dB EIRP = 74.65 dBm Free Space Loss: 96.6 + 20log(8 miles) + 20log(14.79 GHz) FSL = 138.06 dB Unfaded IRL = EIRP FSL = 74.65 dBm 138.06 dB Unfaded IRL = -63.41 dBm Rx Antenna Type: High Performance Antenna / Dual Polarized (HS10-144) Diameter: 10 Ft Computed Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log(10 Ft) + 20log(14.43 GHz) = 50.69 dB Rx Transmission Line Losses a) Waveguide Type: EWP132 - 144 Length: 140 + 50 = 190 Ft b) Waveguide Loss/Length: 4.70 dB / 100 Ft Waveguide Loss: 8.93 dB c) Flex Guide Loss: 0 dB d) Connector / Transition Loss: 0.04 dB e) Directional Coupler Loss: 0 dB f) Circulator / Hybrid Loss: 0 dB g) Other Losses: 0 dB h) Total Transition Losses: 8.93 dB + 0.04 dB TLL(Rx) = 8.97 dB Unfaded RSL = Unfaded IRL + G(Rx) TLL(Rx) = -63.41 dBm + 50.8 dB 8.97 dB Unfaded RSL = -21.58 Type of Receiver Equipment: Model FLR 15 Rx Noise Figure: 4dB Rx IFBW: 70 MHz Rx Thermal Noise Threshold: - 84 dBm Unfaded C/N = -21.58 dBm (-84 dBm) Unfaded C/N = 62.42 dB
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Design
2013
FADED C/NSITE C (ANGELES CITY HALL) to REPEATER 2 o System Availability: 99.99% o Required Availability:
o
Reliability per Link : 99.998% Time Availability 90 % 99 % 99.9 % 99.99% 99.999 % Fade Margin (dB) 8 18 28 38 48
o
Rayleigh Method: 48 x 38 99.99 99.998 99.999
Required Availability: 99.99% Fade Margin: 46.87 dB o Siemens Method: Radio Link Type: Type B Required Availability: 99.99% Unavailability (W): 0.002% Frequency (f): 14.85 GHz Path Length (d): 12.87 km 128 | P a g e ECE DEPARTMENT
UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST CALOOCAN CAMPUS
ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System DesignFading Depth in dB (A): W = 8x10-7 fd2.5 x 10-A/10 0.00002 = (8x10-7) (14.85 GHz) (12.87)2.5 x 10-A/10 A = 25.47 dB o ITU-R METHOD C (Lat) = 0 C (Long) = 0 = 20 Geo-climatic factor (k): ( ) k= -6.5 1.5 = 10 (20 ) = 28.28 x 10-6 Frequency (f) = 14.85 GHz Path Length (d) = 12.87 km Required Availability = 99.99% Unavailability (w) = 0.002% Height: Site D = 259ft + 80ft = 339 (ft) 103.33 (m) Repeater 2 = 33ft + 140ft = 173 (ft) 53.73 (m) Path Inclination in mrad: | | | | | | Fade Margin (A): ( ( )( ) ( | |) ) ( | |) ( ) | |
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A = 22.27 dB Attenuation Losses o Due to Atmospheric Absorption: Path Length (miles) 2.4 6 GHz 20 0.2 40 0.4 60 0.6 80 0.8 Y 0.38 0 12 14.4 129 | P a g e ECE DEPARTMENT Attenuation in dB 8 GHz 10 GHz 0.26 0.32 0.52 0.64 0.78 0.96 1.04 1.28
12 GHz 0.38 0.76 1.14 1.52
UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST CALOOCAN CAMPUS
ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Design0.47 x 0 o 8 20
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Due to Atmospheric Gases: Frequency 2 GHz 8 GHz 14 GHz
Losses(dB)/mile 0.0002 0.002 0.01
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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST CALOOCAN CAMPUS
130 | P a g e ECE DEPARTMENT
ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Designo Due to Fog Frequency: 14.4 GHz Attenuation in fog or cloud: 0.032 gm/m3 (F) Attenuation: 0 dB / km o Due to Rainfall Rate Frequency: 14.4 GHz Soln Attenuation in rainfall intensity of: 4.0 mm/hr (moderate rain 0.16 Attenuation: 0 dB / km o Atmospheric Losses Atmospheric Losses = A + B + C + D + E + F = 0.19 + 0.08 + 0.10 + 0.24 + 0 + 0 = 0.61 dB o o Diffraction Loss = 0 dB FM
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in/hr (F)
Since the computation of Rayleigh Method is greater than the other two computations. Therefore. FM = 46.87 dB o Total Faded Loss FADED IRL = EIRP FSL FM ATM DIFF LOSS = 74.65 138.06 46.87 0.61 - 0 = -110.89 dBm FADED RSL = FADED IRL + GRx TLLRx = -102.02 + 50.8 8.97 = -69.06 dBm FADED C/N = FADED RSL Rx(Threshold) = -69.06 (-84) = 14.94 dB
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Design
2013
Adjusted C/N & ReliabilityReqd: C/N = 56 dB
For 6 Links: Avail / Link = 99.998 % Computed: Faded C/N = 17.62 dB Soln Set C/N Link = 56 dB = RSL faded Pn (dBm) RSL (faded) = 56 + (-84 dBm) RSL (faded) = - 28 dBm RSL (faded) = IRL (faded) + G (Rx) TLL (Rx) IRL (faded) = -28 dBm 50.8 + 8.97 IRL (faded) = -69.83 dBm IRL (faded) = EIRP FSL all Atm. losses FM FM = 74.65 138.06 0.61 + 69.83 FM = 5.81 dB Solve for FM (or A) = dB
Next: comp. for the availability / unit a) Rayleigh 99
90X 5.81 8 18
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Designb) Siemens Method W = 8x10-7 fd2.5 x 10-A/10 W = (8x10-7) (14.85 GHz) (12.87)2.5 x 10-5.81/10 W = 0.00185 Availability = 1 Unavailability Availability = 1 0.00185 Availability = 99.81% c) ITU-R Method ( ( )( ) ( | |) ) ( | |) ( )
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Availability = 1 Unavailability Availability = 1 0.0008867 Availability = 99.91%
Improving C/N using diversityLet F1 = 14.43 GHz Let F2 = 14.67 GHz
Fade Margin = 25 dB C/N (Improved) = EIRP FSL Atm. Losses Diff. Loss FM (Improved) Pn TLL(Rx) + G(Rx) C/N (Improved) = 74.65 138.06 0.61 0 25 + 84 8.97 + 50.8 C/N (Improved) = 31.81 dBm
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Design
2013
Space DiversityFormula: ( )( )( )(
)
where: f = frequency in GHz. s = vertical antenna spacing in ft. FM = fade margin in dB associated to the 2nd antenna. Soln ( )( )( )(
)
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Design
2013
SPECIFICATIONSa) Antenna Specifications
b) Transceiver and Receiver Specifications
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ECE 525N 1ECF Microwave LOS Communication System Designc) Waveguide Specifications
2013
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136 | P a g e ECE DEPARTMENT