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Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Modeling the Database Schema

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2/20Oracle Fusion Middleware 11g: Build Applications with ADF I A - 2


Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the

following:

Describe JDevelopers tool for database modeling

Create a schema model

Modify the schema model

Reconcile the modifications to the database

Import database object definitions to an offline database

Reconcile offline database objects with the database

Lesson AimWhen designing an application to interact with the database, an understanding of the database

schema is essential, along with the ability to modify the schema as needed. This lesson shows

you how to use JDeveloper tools to define a model of a database schema and to use the model to

modify the schema.

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Modeling Database Schemas

With JDevelopers database modeler, you can:



Reconcile changes to the database

Modeling Database SchemasOffline database object modeling in projects has been extended to provide for:

Index-organized tables

External tables

Partitioned tables and indexes

Materialized (including partitioned and indexed) views and view logs

Object Collections

Triggers

Domain indexes

Storage properties (tablespace and so on)

Auto-generated column values SXML definition generation

Cross-referencing multiple database objects within or between projects

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Goals of Database Modeling

Database modeling can help you achieve the following goals:

For existing database objects:

Visualize the schema to help analyze whether it meets

requirements.

Make any necessary modifications.

For new database objects:

Design schema to support business requirements.

Generate DDL to create the required database objects.

Why Perform Database Modeling?Visualizing existing tables in a data diagram can help you understand whether the schema might

need modifications to support the business requirements.

If the tables do not already exist, you can use the same diagrammer to design them and generate

the DDL scripts to create the tables.

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Characteristics of the JDeveloper Database

Modeler

Model existing objects, such as

tables and foreign keys, by

dragging from Database

Navigator

Use Property Inspector to set

properties on diagram and its

objects

Create new objects by

dragging from

Component Palette.

With the JDeveloper Database Modeler you can:

Characteristics of the JDeveloper Database ModelerAlthough this course concentrates on working with an existing database schema, it is important

to understand that you also can use JDevelopers database diagrammer to design and create new

tables.

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Database Modeling Tools in JDeveloper

You can work with database objects in the following ways:

Online: Create and modify schema objects directly in a

database through a JDeveloper connection.

Offline:

Model metadata for database objects outside the context of a

database schema.

Import objects from online database.

Generate changes to online schemas.

Diagrammer: Create and modify objects by dragging from Component

Palette and Database Navigator.

Import objects from offline database model.

Generate changes to online schemas.

Database Modeling in JDeveloperYou can use JDeveloper to work directly with database objects through a database connection.

Alternatively you can work with offline database definitions, which you can subsequently

generate to a database schema.

JDeveloper provides the tools you need to create and edit database objects such as tables and

constraints outside the context of a database. You can create new tables and views and generate

the information to a database, or you can import database objects from a database schema, make

the changes you want and then generate the changes back to the same database schema, to a new

database schema, or to a file that you can run against a database at a later date. Alternatively,

you can use JDevelopers modeling tools to visualize your offline database objects on a diagram.

You can use JDevelopers database diagrammer to design and create new tables as well. You

can import database objects from the offline database into the diagrammer. The diagrammer

allows you to import database objects from online schemas and also generate changes to online

schemas.

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Modeling Database Objects Offline

You can create offline database definitions in the following

ways:

Create new offline database objects

Copy from database with filters

Modeling Database Objects OfflineYou can create offline database definitions based on objects that exist in a database schema in

one of the following ways:

Using Drag and Drop: You can drag tables, views, synonyms and sequences from a

database schema onto a database diagram, where they become accessible as offline

database objects.

Using Import with Filters: You can import tables, views, sequences and synonyms from a

database schema to an offline schema where they become available as offline database

objects. You can apply filters in the wizard to display only the objects that you are

interested in, and when there are a large number of objects in the schema you can turn off

auto-query so that the wizard does not refresh every time you type a filter character.

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Creating a New Offline Database

To create a definition for an offline database in which you

can model database objects, perform the following steps:

1. In the Application Navigator, right-click a project and choose

New to display the New Gallery.

2. In the New Gallery, expand Database Tier, and select Offline

Database Objects.

3. Select Offline Database to launch the Create Offline

Database Wizard.

4. In the pages of the wizard, enter properties for the database,

such as its name.

After an offline database is created, you can create various

database object definitions within it.

Creating a New Offline DatabaseTo create an offline database definition, perform the following steps:

1. In the Application Navigator, expand the application and the project you want to work in.

Right-click a project and choose New to display the New Gallery.

2. From the New Gallery, expand Database Tier, and select Offline Database Objects.

3. Select Offline Database to launch the Create Offline Database Wizard.

4. In the pages of the wizard, enter properties for the database, such as its name.

After an offline database is created, you can create various database object definitions within

this database.

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Creating New Schema

Objects in an Offline Database

Create new schema objects in an offline database by using

wizards to define: Functions

Materialized views and view logs

Packages

Procedures

Sequences

Synonyms

Tables

Triggers

Types

Views

Creating New Schema Objects in an Offline DatabaseYou can create new schema objects in an offline database by invoking one of the New Database

Object wizards and entering the required information.

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Creating a Database Diagram

Creating a Database DiagramAfter creating a named connection in the Database Navigator to browse database schema

objects, you can create a database diagram in any JDeveloper project. To create a new diagram,

perform the following steps:

1. Select the project in which you want to create the diagram.

2. Select File > New to invoke the New Gallery.

3. In the New Gallery, expand the General category and select Diagrams.

4. Select Database Diagram from the Items list and then click OK.

5. In the Create Database Diagram dialog box, specify a name for the diagram and optionally

a package name, and then click OK.

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Importing Tables to the Diagram

from an Offline Database

1

2

Importing Tables to the Diagram from an Offline DatabaseYou can import tables from an offline database as follows:

1. In the Offline Database Navigator, select the desired offline object and drag it to the

diagram.

2. A depiction of the offline object appears on the diagram.

When you drag related tables to the diagram, the foreign key relations are also depicted visually.

Offline objects attributes can be modified in the Offline Database Navigator or on the diagram,

and are kept in synch.

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Editing Objects on the Diagram

In-place editing:

Edit Table dialog box:

Editing Objects on the DiagramThere are two ways to edit objects on the diagram:

In-place editing: Click inside the object, such as an attribute, then click it again to put the

text in edit mode.

Double-click the object to invoke the editor, such as the table editor shown in the slide.

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Generating Changes from the Diagram

to the Database

Invoke wizard.

In the wizard:

Select objects.

Specify operation.

Set database options.

Set SQL script options.

SQL script opens in

editor;right-click to run it.

Generating Changes to the DatabaseIf you created a database diagram, you can right-click the object or objects on the diagram to

generate DDL to create, replace, or alter those objects. From the context menu, select

Synchronize with Database > Generate To > SQL Script. This invokes a wizard where you

specify the object, operations, and SQL script options that you want to use. When you complete

the wizard, the script that it generates opens in the editor, where you can run it.

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Reconciling Changes to the Database

Choosing ALTER with Manual Reconcile enables you tochoose changes to be generated to the database.

Reconciling Changes to the DatabaseIf you choose the Alter operation, the offline objects are compared with the online objects and

DDL is generated to make the online objects match the offline objects. You can optionally

specify that you want to manually reconcile the objects. After the wizard is completed, if you

specified manual reconciliation, an additional dialog box is displayed that enables you to

compare the objects to be generated to the database with the objects in the database, so that you

can choose which changes to generate to the database.

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Generating Changes from the Offline Database

Object to the Database

To generate imported offline database objects to the database: Right-click the object

in the Applications

Navigator

Select Generate To

Select the JDeveloper

connection, or choose

to create a SQL script

or SXML

Generating Changes from the Offline Database Object to the DatabaseWhether or not you have created a database diagram, you can generate changes to the database

by right-clicking the database object or objects in the Applications Navigator and selecting

Generate To. You can then select a JDeveloper connection, or you can generate a SQL script or

SXML.

When you choose to generate to a JDeveloper connection as depicted in the slide, or to SQL

Scripts, this also invokes the Generate SQL from Offline Database Objects Wizard. Its pages

enable you to specify whether to create, replace, or alter, and whether to generate a SQL script,

along with script options. If you choose to generate to SXML, an XML file is created and opens

in the editor.

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Importing Database Objects Without a Diagram

You can import database

objects to an offline

database without using a

diagram:

Importing Database Objects Without a DiagramIf you do not want to create a database diagram, you can use the Copy Database Objects to a

Project item in the New Gallery by expanding Database Tier and selecting Offline Database

Objects in the categories list. This invokes the Copy Database Objects to a Project Wizard,

which has the following pages:

Specify Source (shown in the slide): Choose the JDeveloper connection from which to

import.

Specify Target: Select the application and project to import to, and select or create a new

offline database to contain the imported objects.

Object Picker: Select the database objects to import.

Choose Operation: Choose whether to create, replace, or alter offline database objects. Finish: A summary of the specified import. Click Finish to start it.

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Presenting the Storefront Schema

Presenting the Storefront SchemaThe schema used for the course application is a subset of the Fusion Order Demo (FOD)

schema. You can read about how to obtain the Fusion Order Demo in Section 2.2 of the Oracle

Fusion Middleware Fusion Developer's Guide for Oracle Application Development Framework

11g Release 1 (11.1.1).

The main tables that are used in the course application are Persons, Suppliers, Orders, and Order

Items. The application also uses some views, such as Products and ProductCategories.

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Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

Describe JDevelopers tool for database modeling



Reconcile the modifications to the database

Import database object definitions to an offline database

Reconcile offline database objects with the database

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Practice Overview:

Modeling the Schema for the Course Application

This practice covers the following topics:

Creating a database diagram

Adding existing schema objects to the diagram

Adding a new database object to the diagram

Creating the DDL to add the new object to the database

Practice Overview: Modeling the Schema for the Course Application(optional)

In this practice, you use the database diagrammer to create a visual representation of the

database schema. You also create a new database component (a table) and create the DDL to add

it to the schema.

This practice may be found in the Optional Practices section of Appendix A.

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