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D3.7 Integration and spreading of excellence results within TREND WP3
Grant Agreement Number: 257740
Project Acronym: TREND
Project Title: Towards Real Energy-efficient Network Design
Funding Scheme: Network of Excellence
Project Coordinator
Name: Marco Ajmone Marsan Phone: +39 011 5644032 Fax: +39 011 5644099 e-mail: [email protected]
Due Date of Delivery: M36 +3 months extension (30/11/2013)
Actual Date of Delivery: 22/12/2013
Workpackage: WP3 : Energy-efficiency in core networks
Nature of the Deliverable R
Dissemination level PU
Editors: Orange - Esther Le Rouzic
Abstract: Integration and spreading of excellence is presented for Work Package 3 on core networks. Factual results in terms of collaboration within and outside TREND are detailed. Big pictures produced by the Work Package are also shown.
Keyword list: Core networks, OFDM transmission format, network architecture, energy-efficiency, IP-over-WDM, routing algorithms, sleep mode, content delivery networks, cloud computing, content distribution, optimization.
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Disclaimer The information, documentation and figures available in this deliverable are written
by the TREND Consortium partners under EC co-financing (project FP7-ICT-257740) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the European Commission.
The information in this document is provided "as is", and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The user uses the information at its sole risk and liability.
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Table of Contents
DISCLAIMER .......................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ 3
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................... 4
2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5
3. ADDED VALUE OF THE NOE ........................................................................... 7
3.1 Integration .............................................................................................................. 7
3.1.1 Energy-Aware Design and Operation of IP-over-WDM networks. ............... 7 3.1.2 Energy Efficient Resilient Optical Networks. ................................................ 9
3.1.3 Green Content Distribution ............................................................................ 9
3.1.4 Joint activities across multiple workpackages ............................................. 10
3.2 Contacts with other projects ................................................................................. 11
3.3 Contacts with industries ....................................................................................... 14
3.4 Standardization activities ..................................................................................... 14
4. BIG PICTURES ............................................................................................... 15
4.1 Consolidating power consumption values (joint activity with WP1) .................. 15
4.2 Big picture on energy-aware adaptive routing in core transport networks based on IP and optical WDM ................................................................................................. 16
4.3 Green content distribution ................................................................................... 16
4.4 Big picture on optical networks ........................................................................... 17
4.5 Big picture on core networks ............................................................................... 18
5. SUMMARY OF THE PAPERS AND MOBILITY ACTIONS ................................... 19
5.1 Published/submitted papers ................................................................................. 19
5.2 Mobility actions .................................................................................................... 28
6. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................... 31
7. LIST OF ACRONYMS...................................................................................... 33
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1. Executive Summary This deliverable presents the outcome of the Work Package 3 of the TREND project in
terms of integration, contacts with other projects and standardization. It gives an overview of the collaboration that was achieved during the three years of the project on core networks and briefly summarizes the big picture studies that have allowed putting the technical achievements of the Work Package into a broader perspective.
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2. Introduction Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are often presented as solutions
to reduce the overall greenhouse gases emission. They allow indeed dematerialization (papers, DVDs, CDs) and potentially can reduce the amount of carbon emissions attributed to travel. The recent SMARTer2020 report [A] also pointed out that the telecom industry can be considered greener than the other major industries. However this should not be used as an alibi for ignoring the energy consumption of ICTs, but instead taken as a motivation to improve the energy efficiency of this sector. In a recent study [B], the power consumption of ICT telecommunication networks is estimated to grow at rate of 10% per year, and its relative contribution to the total worldwide electricity consumption has increased from 1.3% in 2007 to 1.8% in 2012.
In this Work Package (WP) we focus on the core and metro networks including data centers. Core and metro networks represent the inner backbone part of an operator telecommunication network. Their role consists of providing customers with connectivity to services of the operator (such as the Internet or its managed video services) or to services from other operators or over-the-top actors (such as content providers). It ranges from the first connection point up to the service platform or Peering Points (PPs) and includes transport equipment, optical transmission and data centers.
This document describes the measurable results obtained by the WP in terms of integration, dissemination and spreading of excellence. It completes a more technical report (D3.6) [C] where detailed description of the technical achievements of partners and collaborating institutions has been provided.
[A] GeSI and BCG, “SMARTer2020: The Role of ICT in Driving a Sustainable
Future,” 2012. http: //www.theclimategroup.org. last accessed date : December 2013.
[B] S. Lambert et al., “Worldwide electricity consumption of communication networks,” Optics Express, vol. 20, no. 26, pp. B513–B524, Dec. 2012. (also reported in WP1)
[C] E. Le Rouzic et al., D3.6 Final WP3 technical report on “Energy-efficiency in core networks”, TREND Deliverable, December 2013.
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The authors that contributed to this document are listed below:
Partner short name Name of authors
PoliTo Edoardo Bonetto and Michela Meo HWDU Yabin Ye, and Jorge López Vizcaíno TID Felipe Jiménez Orange Esther Le Rouzic UC3M Carmen Guerrero and Ruben Cuevas iMinds Ward Van Heddeghem and Willem Vereecken TUB Filip Idzikowski UTH Leandros Tassiulas, Iordanis Koutsopoulos, and
George Koutitas CNIT-PoliMi Achille Pattavina and Francesco Musumeci CNIT-UniRoma1 Luca Chiaraviglio
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3. Added value of the NOE This section shows the added value of the WP3 of TREND project in terms of
integration, contacts with other projects and industries, standardization.
3.1 Integration
The project started with clear identified joint activities that resulted into a high number of joint papers and mobility actions. This also helped to attract collaborating institutions such as CNIT-UniRoma1 and CNIT-PoliMi (which eventually became TREND partners as part of CNIT), FUB, INRIA and ZIB.
3.1.1 Energy-Aware Design and Operation of IP-over-WDM networks.
This activity started with TREND partners and rapidly attracted several collaborative institutions. It covered several theoretical studies gathered and synthesised in a public deliverable D3.3. The meeting in Berlin on 23-24/04/2012 was organized in order to properly prepare the deliverable D3.3, and to perform major steps towards the preparation of the IEEE Communication magazine paper [20] where the proposed energy aware adaptive routing solutions have been compared on the same reference network in the light of 11 evaluation criteria. The conclusions of the paper were used to trigger an experimental activity within WP4 where the theoretical mechanisms are being implemented on the FUB testbed1. Altogether 25 papers were issued from this activity and 7 partners (PoliTo, HWDU, TID, Orange, FW, CNIT, TUB, iMinds) and 5 collaborative institutions joined (ZIB, CNIT-UniRoma1 and CNIT-PoliMi, INRIA, FUB). [1] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez(TID), R. Duque (TID), I. Tafur
Monroy (DTU) and P. M. Krummrich (TU-Dortmund), Chapter: Energy Efficiency Improvement with the Innovative Flexible-grid Optical Transport Network, in Green Networking and Communications: ICT for Sustainability, CRC Press, November 2013.
[2] A. Ahmad (PoliTO), A. Bianco (PoliTO), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), F. Idzikowski (TUB), Energy-Aware Design of Multilayer Core Networks, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 5, No. 10, pp. A127-A143, October 2013.
[3] F. Musumeci (POLIMI), M. Tornatore (POLIMI), M. Riunno (FW), A. Pattavina (POLIMI), A Blocking Analysis for Green WDM Networks with Transponder Power Management, 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), Cartagena, Spain, June 2013.
[4] F. Idzikowski (TUB), L. Chiaraviglio (INRIA), R. Duque (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), Green Horizon: Looking At Backbone Networks in 2020 From the Perspective of Network Operators, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Budapest, Hungary, June 2013.
[5] E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), Algorithms for the Multi-Period Power-Aware Logical Topology Design with Reconfiguration Costs, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 394-410, May 2013.
1 See paper: I. Haratcherev (A-LBLF), M. Meo (PoliTO), Y. Zhang (PoliTO), Y. Hu (PoliTO), A. Conte (A-LBLF), F. Idzikowski (TUB), L. Budzisz (TUB), F. Ganji (TUB), R. Bolla (CNIT), O. Jaramillo Ortiz (CNIT), R. Bruschi (CNIT), A. Cianfrani (UNIROMA1), L. Chiaraviglio (UNIROMA1), A. Coiro (UNIROMA1), R. Gonzalez (UC3M), C. Guerrero (UC3M), E. Tego (FUB), F. Matera (FUB), S. Keranidis (UTH), G. Kazdaridis (UTH), T. Korakis (UTH), The TREND Experimental Activities on “green” Communication Networks, 24th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications (TIWDC'13), Genoa, Italy, September 2013 (reported in WP4).
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[6] A. Bianco (PoliTO), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), and A. Ahmad (PoliTO), Energy awareness in the design of optical core networks, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition OFC/NFOEC, Anaheim, CA, USA, March 2013.
[7] A. Coiro (CNIT), M. Listanti (CNIT), A. Valenti (FUB), Impact of Energy-Aware Topology Design and Adaptive Routing at Different Layers in IP over WDM networks, NETWORKS, Rome, Italy, October 2012.
[8] L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), A. Cianfrani (CNIT), On the Effectiveness of Sleep Modes in Backbone Networks with Limited Configurations, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, September 2012.
[9] F. Idzikowski (TUB), R. Duque (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), M. Ajmone Marsan (PoliTO), Energy Saving in Optical Operator Networks: the Challenges, the TREND Vision, and Some Results, 38th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, September 2012.
[10] A. Coiro (CNIT), M. Listanti (CNIT), T. Squarcia (CNIT), A. Valenti (FUB), F. Matera (FUB), Energy-minimised virtual topology design in IP over WDM backbone networks, IET Optoelectronics, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 165 - 172, August 2012.
[11] A. P. Bianzino (CNIT), C. Chaudet (Telecom ParisTech), S. Moretti (CNRS), J. L. Rougier (Telecom ParisTech), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), Enabling Sleep Mode in Backbone IP-Networks: a Criticality-Driven Tradeoff, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, Canada, June 2012.
[12] F. Idzikowski (TUB), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), EWA: an Adaptive Algorithm for Energy Saving in IP-over-WDM Networks, 17th European Conference on Network and Optical Communications (NOC), Vilanova i la Geltru, Spain, June 2012.
[13] J. López. Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. Tafur Monroy (DTU), Energy Efficiency Analysis for Dynamic Routing in Optical Transport Networks, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 3042-4047, Ottawa, Canada, June 2012.
[14] J. López. Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. Tafur Monroy (DTU), Energy Efficiency Analysis for Flexible-grid OFDM-based Optical Networks, Computer Networks, Vol. 56, No. 10, pp. 2400-2419, June 2012.
[15] F. Musumeci (CNIT), D. Siracusa (CNIT), G. Rizzelli (CNIT), R. Fiandra (FW), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), On the energy consumption of IP-over-WDM architectures, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, CA, June 2012.
[16] F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), EWA – an adaptive algorithm using watermarks for energy saving in IP-over-WDM networks, Technical Report TKN-12-002, May 2012.
[17] F. Idzikowski (TUB), L. Chiaraviglio (POLITO) and F. Portoso (POLITO), “Optimal Design of Green Multi-layer Core Networks,” in Proc. of the e-Energy, Madrid, Spain, May 2012.
[18] F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), R. Fiandra (FW), A. Pattavina (CNIT), The role of network topology on the energy efficiency of IP-over-WDM architectures, 16th International Conference on Optical Networking Design and Modeling (ONDM), Colchester, UK, April 2012.
[19] F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), A power consumption analysis for IP-over-WDM core network architectures, IEEE/OSA Journal on Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 108-117, February 2012.
[20] F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), A. Cianfrani (CNIT), A. Coiro (CNIT), R. Duque (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), F. Musumeci (CNIT), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), TREND in Energy-Aware Adaptive Routing Solutions, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 51, .No. 11, November 2013.
[21] E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), D. Cuda (Orange), F. Idzikowski (TUB), F. Neri (PoliTO), Exploiting Traffic Dynamics in Power-Aware Logical Topology Design, 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC), Geneva, Switzerland, September 2011.
[22] L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), M. Mellia (PoliTO), F. Neri (PoliTO), Minimizing ISP Network Energy Cost: Formulation and Solutions, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, July 2011.
[23] F. Idzikowski (TUB), S. Orlowski (atesio GmbH), C. Raack (Zuse Institut Berlin), H. Woesner (TUB), A. Wolisz (TUB), Dynamic routing at different layers in IP-over-WDM networks – Maximizing energy savings, Optical Switching and Networking, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 181 - 200, July 2011.
[24] L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), D. Ciullo (PoliTO), M. Mellia (PoliTO), M. Meo (PoliTO), Modeling Sleep Modes Gains with Random Graphs, IEEE INFOCOM 2011 Workshop on Green Communications and Networking, Shanghai, China, April 2011.
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[25] R. Bolla (CNIT), R. Bruschi (CNIT), A. Cianfrani (UNIROMA1), M. Listanti (UNIROMA1), Introducing standby capabilities into next-generation network devices, PRESTO '10 Proceedings of the Workshop on Programmable Routers for Extensible Services of Tomorrow, Philadelphia, USA, November 2010. (also reported in WP1)
3.1.2 Energy Efficient Resilient Optical Networks.
This activity was particularly productive in terms of the number of papers (9) and mobility actions (3). Three partners (HWDU, TID) and one collaborative institution (CNIT-PoliMi) were involved in the activity. Again, the public deliverable (D3.5) that was issued in 2013 triggered joint journal papers and book chapters that were recently accepted for publication.
[1] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M.
Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Protection in Optical Transport Networks with fixed and flexible grid: Cost and Energy Efficiency Evaluation, Optical Switching and Networking, No. Optical network architecture and applications", to be published.
[2] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy- and Cost-Efficient Protection in Core Networks by a Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme, 39th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), London, UK, September 2013.
[3] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), P. Soto (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy-efficient and Low Blocking Probability Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme for Dynamic Elastic Optical Networks, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, September 2013.
[4] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Quality of protection schemes with extended flexibility for improved energy efficiency in transport networks, 9th International Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN), pp. 28-35, Budapest, Hungary, March 2013.
[5] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Differentiated Quality of Protection to Improve Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition OFC/NFOEC, Anaheim, USA, March 2013.
[6] F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), A. Pattavina (CNIT), Energy-Efficiency of Protected IP-over-WDM Networks with Sleep-Mode Devices, Journal of High Speed Networks, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 19-32, January 2013.
[7] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), Traffic and Power-Aware Protection Scheme in Elastic Optical Networks, Networks, Rome, Italy, October 2012.
[8] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), On the Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks with Flexible-grid, 38th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), pp. P5.05, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 2012.
[9] F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), A. Pattavina (CNIT), Power-Aware Design of Protected IP-over-WDM Networks with Sleep-mode Devices, IEEE GreenCom, online, September 2012.
3.1.3 Green Content Distribution
The organized working session meeting also was a catalyst for starting activities on Green Content Distribution, and produced one joint paper, as well as collaboration through
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new project proposal (INRIA and Orange have planned further collaboration inside a French ANR CEDRE that was submitted on the 2013 call).
[1] R. Modrzejewski (INRIA), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), I. Tahiri (INRIA), F. Giroire (INRIA), E. Le Rouzic
(Orange), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), F. Musumeci (POLIMI), R. Gonzalez (UC3M), C. Guerrero (UC3M), Energy Efficient Content Distribution in an ISP Network, Globecom 2013, to be published.
3.1.4 Joint activities across multiple workpackages
Integration was also done across multiple WPs. There have been 15 joint WP papers (9 joint WP3 - WP1, 2 joint WP3 – WP5, 1 joint WP3 – WP4 and 1 joint WP3 – WP2 and 2 with multiple WPs WP1,2,3,4,5).
[1] D. Hatzopoulos (UTH), I. Koutsopoulos (UTH), G. Koutitas (UTH), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds),
Dynamic Virtual Machine Allocation in Cloud Server Facility Systems with Renewable Energy Sources, ICC 2013, Budapest, Hungary, to be published. ( WP1 WP3 )
[2] R. Modrzejewski (INRIA), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), I. Tahiri (INRIA), F. Giroire (INRIA), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), F. Musumeci (POLIMI), R. Gonzalez (UC3M), C. Guerrero (UC3M), Energy Efficient Content Distribution in an ISP Network, Globecom 2013, to be published. ( WP1 WP3 WP4 WP5 )
[3] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Musumeci (CNIT), F. Idzikowski (TUB), A. Pattavina (CNIT), B. Lannoo (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), M. Pickavet (iMinds), Power Consumption Evaluation of Circuit-Switched Versus Packet-Switched Optical Backbone Networks, OnlineGreenComm, online, October 2013. ( WP1 WP3 )
[4] E. Le Rouzic (Orange), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (INRIA), F. Giroire (INRIA), F. Idzikowski (TUB), F. Jiménez (TID), C. Lange (DT), J. Montalvo (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), I. Tahiri (INRIA), A. Valenti (FUB), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), Y. Ye (HWDU), A. Bianco (PoliTO), A. Pattavina (CNIT), TREND towards more energy-efficient optical networks, Optical Network Design and Modelling, Invited, Brest, France, April 2013. ( WP2 WP3 WP1 )
[5] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), W. Vereecken (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), M. Pickavet (iMinds), P. Demeester (iMinds), Power consumption modeling in optical multilayer networks, Photonic Network Communications, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 86-102, October 2012. ( WP1 WP3 )
[6] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), J. Y. Mazeas (Orange), H. Poignant (Orange), S. Salaun (Orange), B. Lannoo (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), Evaluation of Power Rating of Core Network Equipment in Practical Deployments, Greencom 2012, online conference, September 2012. ( WP1 WP3 )
[7] K. Verma (IMDEA), G. Rizzo (IMDEA), A. Fernandez-Anta (IMDEA), R. Cuevas-Rumin (UC3M), A. Azcorra (UC3M), Greening the Internet: Energy-Optimal File Distribution, 2012 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, August 2012. ( WP3 WP2 )
[8] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), M. C. Parker (University Of Essex), S. Lambert (iMinds), W. Vereecken (iMinds), B. Lannoo (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), M. Pickavet (iMinds), P. Demeester (iMinds), Using an Analytical Power Model to Survey Power Saving Approaches in Backbone Networks, NOC 2012, Vilanova i la Geltru, June 2012. ( WP1 WP3 )
[9] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), Equipment power consumption in optical multilayer networks - source data, Technical Report IBCN-12-001-01, January 2012. ( WP1 WP3 )
[10] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), W. Vereecken (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), M. Pickavet (iMinds), P. Demeester (iMinds), Distributed Computing for Carbon Footprint Reduction by Exploiting Low-Footprint Energy Availability, Future Generation Computer Systems, May 2011. ( WP1 WP3 )
[11] R. Cuevas (UC3M), N. Laoutaris (TID), Y. Xiao (TID), G. Siganos (TID), R. Pablo (TID), Deep Diving into BitTorrent Locality, The 30th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2011), Shanghai, China, April 2011. ( WP3 WP1 )
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[12] R. Cuevas (UC3M), A. Cuevas (UC3M), M. Urueña (UC3M), A. Banchs (IMDEA Networks and UC3M), Applying Low Discrepancy Sequences for Node-ID assignment in P2PSIP, IEEE Communications Letter, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 256 - 258 , February 2011. ( WP3 WP5 )
[13] R. Cuevas (UC3M), M. Kryczka (Institute IMDEA Networks), A. Cuevas (UC3M), S. Kaune (Technische Universitaet Darmstadt), C. Guerrero (UC3M), R. Rejaie (University of Oregon), Is Content Publishing in BitTorrent Altruistic or Profit-Driven?, The ACM 6th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT), Philadelphia, USA , December 2010. ( WP3 WP5 )
[14] R. Bolla (CNIT), R. Bruschi (CNIT), A. Cianfrani (UNIROMA1), M. Listanti (UNIROMA1), Introducing standby capabilities into next-generation network devices, PRESTO '10 Proceedings of the Workshop on Programmable Routers for Extensible Services of Tomorrow, Philadelphia, USA, November 2010. ( WP1 WP3 )
3.2 Contacts with other projects
Trend partners have established contacts with other collaborative projects (initiatives, European FP7) as a means of fostering the dissemination of Trend results within the research community and starting collaboration between projects on related topics.
- GreenTouch foundation (since 2010):
o Organization of common workshops : Future Internet Assembly, Dublin, Ireland, May 9 2013 ; Future Internet Cluster Meeting: Green and Energy-efficient Networking Workshop Brussels, Oct. 22 2013.
o Creation and use of reference power consumption values for core network equipment, both with information from STRONGEST, TREND and Greentouch. (for exemple, in the GreenTouch Greenmeter report the values in Table 9 are partly based on input from TREND partners: http://www.greentouch.org/uploads/documents/GreenTouch_Green_Meter_Research_Study_26_June_2013.pdf.
- FP7 STRONGEST project (Scalable, Tunable and Resilient Optical Networks Guaranteeing Extremely-high Speed Transport grant agreement 247674) (01/2010 – 12/2012): STRONGEST’s main goal is to design and demonstrate an evolutionary ultra-high capacity multilayer transport network, based on optimized integration of optical and packet nodes, and equipped with a multi-domain, multi-technology control plane, overcoming the problems of current networks that still provide limited scalability, are not cost-effective and do not properly guarantee end-to-end quality of service.
o Andrea Di Giglio (project leader of the Strongest project) gave a presentation in TREND plenary meeting in Ghent 15/02/2012.
o Ward Van Heddeghem (iMinds) presented STRONGEST activities in the meeting in Volos, Greece, 01-06/10/2012.
- FP7 DISCUS project (DIStributed Core for unlimited bandwidth supply for all Users and
Services grant agreement 318137), (11/2012-10/2015) The DISCUS project defines an overall network architecture where high performance services are flexibly deployed through innovative optical elements and transmission technologies, ensuring infrastructure scalability. The project was presented by Telefónica I+D in Volos plenary meeting, as Trend relevant issues (studied in WP3, but also in other
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workpackages) like energy efficient network architectures, resiliency mechanisms or transmission techniques were also analyzed by specific DISCUS working groups. o The following papers have been produced in collaboration with DISCUS:
[1] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), P. Soto (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy-efficient and Low Blocking Probability Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme for Dynamic Elastic Optical Networks, Softcom 2013, Split, Croatia, September 2013.
[2] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P.M. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Amplifier Placements Optimization for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in Optical Transport Networks, submitted in September 2013 to IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2014.
[3] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), A. Macho (TID), P. M. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Optimized Amplifier Placements for Improved Energy and Spectral Efficiency in Protected Mixed-Line-Rate Networks, submitted in October 2013 to Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC) 2014.
- FP7 Idealist project (Industry-Driven Elastic and Adaptive Lambda Infrastructure for
Service and Transport Networks under grant agreement 317999) (11/2012-10/2015) The Idealist project analyses optical transmission technologies, network and node architectures and control plane mechanisms for Elastic Optical Networks (EONs). The project is led by Trend partner Telefónica I+D and there has been frequent interaction with the groups involved in data plane technologies and power efficient transmission techniques. This has produced, as an outcome, several papers within WP3 IRA3.2 related to innovative protection mechanisms for optical networks, increasing its energy efficiency as well as its capacity and flexibility. A book chapter on Green networking and communications was also elaborated as a result from Trend-Idealist cooperation. The list of Trend-Idealist publications is included below:
[1] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Protection in Optical Transport Networks with fixed and flexible grid: Cost and Energy Efficiency Evaluation, Optical Switching and Networking, No. Optical network architecture and applications", to be published.
[2] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy- and Cost-Efficient Protection in Core Networks by a Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme, European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) 2013, London, UK, September 2013.
[3] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TUD), Quality of protection schemes with extended flexibility for improved energy efficiency in transport networks, DRCN2013, pp. 28-35, March 2013.
[4] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), I. T. Monroy (DTU), P. Krummrich (TUD), Energy Efficiency Improvement with the Innovative Flexible-grid Optical Transport Network, Green Networking and Communications book, March 2013.
- FP7 CHRON project (Cognitive Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Optical Network under
grant agreement 258644) (07/2010-06/2013)
The CHRON project proposes a network architecture that acts, learns and optimizes its performance, taking into account its high degree of heterogeneity with respect to QoS, transmission and switching techniques. As defined in the project, energy consumption is one of the key concepts that the cognitive decision system will take into account. Among other potential
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advantages, cognition and continuous monitoring may enable the design of energy efficient networks through remote power management. In fact, the cognitive process in the network can take into account power usage and availability of non-fossil or renewable energy sources when deciding how to handle new traffic demands according to the current network status provided by the monitoring system, and to set devices to stand-by state when appropriate.
HWDU being a partner of TREND and CHRON projects, has established a close cooperation between both projects with the aim at finding strategies to improve the energy efficiency of the network. In fact, the carried research on energy-aware routing and resource allocation algorithms for Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks and EONs, and the studies on energy-efficient protection schemes have been of great value to define the final architecture of the cognitive network system envisioned by CHRON.
As a result from this cooperation, twelve TREND-CHRON joint publications have been achieved and two more papers currently under review:
[1] J. Mata (HWDU), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. Tafur Monroy (DTU), Influence of Embodied Energy in the Energy Efficiency of Optical Transport Networks, European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) 2013, London, UK, September 2013.
[2] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. T. Monroy (DTU), Energy Efficiency Analysis for Dynamic Routing in Optical Transport Networks, ICC 2012, pp. 3042-4047, Ottawa, Canada, June 2012.
[3] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. T. Monroy (DTU), Energy Efficiency Analysis for Flexible-grid OFDM-based Optical Networks, Computer Networks, Vol. 56, No. 10, pp. 2400-2419, June 2012.
[4] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. T. Monroy (DTU), Energy Efficiency in Elastic-Bandwidth Optical Networks, 2nd IFIP international conference Network of the Future, pp. 107-111, Paris, November 2011.
[5] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Protection in Optical Transport Networks with fixed and flexible grid: Cost and Energy Efficiency Evaluation, Optical Switching and Networking, No. Optical network architecture and applications", to be published.
[6] J. López Vizcaino (HWDU), P. Soto (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy-efficient and Low Blocking Probability Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme for Dynamic Elastic Optical Networks, Softcom 2013, Split, Croatia, September 2013.
[7] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy- and Cost-Efficient Protection in Core Networks by a Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme, European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) 2013, London, UK, September 2013.
[8] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Differentiated Quality of Protection to Improve Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks, OFC2013, March 2013
[9] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TUD), Quality of protection schemes with extended flexibility for improved energy efficiency in transport networks, DRCN2013, pp. 28-35, March 2013.
[10] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), I. T. Monroy (DTU), P. Krummrich (TUD), Energy Efficiency Improvement with the Innovative Flexible-grid Optical Transport Network, Green Networking and Communications book, March 2013.
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[11] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Cost Evaluation for Flexible-Grid Optical Networks, IEEE Globecom 2012 workshop on Flexible Optical Networks, December 2012.
[12] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), On the Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks with Flexible-grid, ECOC2012, pp. P5.05, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 2012.
[13] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P.M. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Amplifier Placements Optimization for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in Optical Transport Networks, submitted in September 2013 to IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2014.
[14] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), A. Macho (TID), P. M. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Optimized Amplifier Placements for Improved Energy and Spectral Efficiency in Protected Mixed-Line-Rate Networks, submitted in October 2013 to Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC) 2014.
- French Laboratory of Excellence Comin-labs (2011-2020) CominLabs is an Excellence Center (Laboratoire d’Excellence from the Investissements d’Avenir program of the French government). CominLabs gathers ten research labs from Bretagne and Nantes in the area of telecommunications, Internet, and over-the-top services
o Esther Le Rouzic (Orange) has presented TREND to the Energy focus group of the French Laboratory of Excellence CominLabs on the 20/10/2011. 30 researchers from Brittany (ENSSAT, Télécom Bretagne, INSA Rennes, mines Nantes, INRIA) participated in this meeting.
3.3 Contacts with industries
TUB worked with Atesio GmbH and Zuse Institut Berlin (ZIB) on the paper published in the Elsevier Journal on Optical Switching and Networking. [1] Idzikowski et al., Dynamic routing at different layers in IP-over-WDM networks – Maximizing energy
savings, July 2011.
3.4 Standardization activities
Given the interesting potential of photonic switching technologies to reduce energy consumption of optical core and metro networks (detailed in D3.6 for example), Orange, Telefónica and other operators started standardization activity to promote this kind of technologies within ITU-T Study Group 15 through several contributions (T09-SG15-C1527 11/2011, T09-SG15-C-2322/en 08/2012). Discussions are ongoing on “Some considerations for modelling Sub-lambda photonic switched networks (SLPSN)” document T13-SG15-C-0015. This activity around the potential of sub-lambda photonic switching network gave place to several mobility actions: Edoardo Bonetto (PoliTo) to Orange labs for two periods of 3 months, Raluca-Maria Indre (Orange) to PoliTo for 2 months, Bernard Arzur and Christophe Betoule (both Orange) to TID for 3 days of testing of an SLPSN equipment. The objective of the mobility was to evaluate the performance of industrial equipment based on subwavelength photonic switching, that was available in TID labs.
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4. Big pictures One important result of the WP3 activities has been the elaboration of big pictures on
core networks involving the work from several partners. Key results are exposed below.
4.1 Consolidating power consumption values (joint activity with WP1)
When starting our studies we rapidly faced incoherence in the values found in the literature about core networks equipment power consumption. So several partners joined their effort to a consolidated power consumption model [1] that could be used within our WP. This work gave birth to a more general library on telecommunication equipments powerlib.
At http://powerlib.intec.ugent.be/ we host an online database of ICT network equipment power consumption data. Its main and initial purpose is to collect and provide this data for use in research towards more power-efficient ICT networks. Data on this topic is not readily available, but instead distributed across different data sheets and (academic) publications. By providing a single source, we hope to facilitate power consumption data collection and referencing. Users can contribute to this database with their own data, preferably by including (links to) sources of the reported values. To do so, users have to register at the website, after which they can request contributing privileges. Search and export functionality is available as well.
Figure 1: Powerlib website – start page
[1] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), W. Vereecken (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), M. Pickavet (iMinds), P. Demeester (iMinds), Power consumption modeling in optical multilayer networks, Photonic Network Communications, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 86-102, October 2012.
[2] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), J. Y. Mazeas (Orange), H. Poignant (Orange), S. Salaun (Orange), B. Lannoo (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), Evaluation of Power Rating
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of Core Network Equipment in Practical Deployments, IEEE online Greencom, online conference, September 2012.
[3] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), Equipment power consumption in optical multilayer networks - source data, Technical Report IBCN-12-001-01, January 2012.
4.2 Big picture on energy-aware adaptive routing in core transport networks based on IP and optical WDM
Several adaptive routing solutions in optical and electrical layer were proposed and evaluated during the first years of the project. In order to give a synthetic view of these algorithms, several partners and collaborating institutions (TUB, PoliTo, CNIT-PoliMi, CNIT-UniRoma, TID, Orange, IBBT, and HWDU) have associated their efforts to produce a joint paper entitled “TREND in Energy-Aware Adaptive Routing Solutions”. In this paper, the algorithms were compared on a common network scenario, and a global view of their complexity, impact on the network operation, requirements in terms of traffic knowledge, and control plane implementation was provided. This paper has recently been published in IEEE Communications Magazine.
[4] F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), A. Cianfrani (CNIT), A. Coiro (CNIT),
R. Duque (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), F. Musumeci (CNIT), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), TREND in Energy-Aware Adaptive Routing Solutions, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 51, .No. 11, November 2013.
4.3 Green content distribution
In this work, we built a global view of an Internet Service Provider (ISP) network considering content traffic as the main source of traffic and using in network caching to reduce the amount of transit traffic in the network. The global view of the network supposes that content coming from Content Providers (CPs) such as Google, Yahoo, Amazon, and Limelight are transiting from the data centers of large CPs that are located close to the internet peering point of the ISP. Therefore, this traffic has to traverse a number of hops in the ISP network before reaching the users. We studied the optimal content caching inside the ISP, rather than sending the content from the data centers to the users. In our scenario, we consider that the ISP network is based on a hierarchical logical topology composed of different levels (e.g. core, metro, and access) as illustrated in Figure 1. The study therefore integrates the whole operator transport equipment from DSLAM up to big exchange routers, and content servers and storage.
This study thus gives the big picture on the ISP network, however only one technique of network caching was integrated to improve its energy efficiency. In future work we have planned to include more techniques.
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Content provider data center
ISP network
Content
traffic
server and
storage
(a) (b)
Figure 2: (a) global ISP network architecture and (b) different caching level and illustration of the reduced volume of transported traffic in the network.
[5] R. Modrzejewski (INRIA), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), I. Tahiri (INRIA), F. Giroire (INRIA), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), F. Musumeci (POLIMI), R. Gonzalez (UC3M), C. Guerrero (UC3M), Energy Efficient Content Distribution in an ISP Network, Globecom 2013, to be published.
4.4 Big picture on optical networks
Figure 3 – Worldwide use phase electricity consumption of communication networks (columns, left axis) and share of networks in total worldwide electricity consumption (dotted line, right axis).[B]
The electricity consumption of communication networks has shown a growth rate of 10% per year over the last five years, with its relative contribution to the total worldwide electricity consumption increasing from 1.3% in 2007 to 1.8% in 2012 [B] (figure 3).
As the traffic volume and number of customers are still expected to grow in the next 10 years, the energy consumption of networks has become one of the most important issues for the community. In this context, partners from WP3 (core networks) and WP2 (access
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networks) have joined their efforts to build a big picture of the TREND energy efficient solutions focusing on optical networks: including core networks, optical access, as well as customer premises network equipment and data centers. The overview was given in a joint paper, and the big picture is illustrated in figure 4.
CoreMetroBackhaul
Packet (Aggregation)
BackhaulInternet
Data centers servers
IP / MPLS
Fixed access
Wireless access
Home
WDM WDM
Photonic solutions -60% to -90%
Packaging -20% to -50%
Virtualisation -30% to -60%
Sleep mode -30% to -60%
Efficient design -10 to -30%
Load adaptation -10 to -80%
Energy efficient protection -20% to -60%
CoreMetroBackhaul
Packet (Aggregation)
Backhaul
IP / MPLS
Fixed access
Efficient content distribution
up to –70%
Data centers servers
(a) (b)
Figure 4: (a) Generic operator network architecture and domains covered by the study (in blue color) and (b)summary of the estimated power reductions obtained on optical core, metro and access networks [6].
[6] E. Le Rouzic (Orange), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (INRIA), F. Giroire (INRIA), F. Idzikowski (TUB), F. Jiménez (TID), C. Lange (DT), J. Montalvo (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), I. Tahiri (INRIA), A. Valenti (FUB), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), Y. Ye (HWDU), A. Bianco (PoliTO), A. Pattavina (CNIT), TREND towards more energy-efficient optical networks, Optical Network Design and Modelling, Invited, Brest, France, April 2013.
4.5 Big picture on core networks
All partners from WP3 joined their efforts to give a vision of all energy efficient solution and their potential energy efficiency improvement in a joint paper that was recently published [7]. Summary of the estimated energy reductions is presented in figure 5.
Figure 5 – Summary of the estimated energy reductions presented in Genoa. [7].
[7] E. Le Rouzic (Orange), R. Indre (Orange), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), F. Musumeci (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), A. Bianco (PoliTO), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), M. Meo (PoliTO), F. Jiménez (TID), F. Idzikowski (TUB), R. Cuevas (UC3M), TREND Big Picture on Energy-Efficient Backbone Networks, 24th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications (TIWDC'13), Genoa, Italy, September 2013.
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5. Summary of the papers and mobility actions
5.1 Published/submitted papers
Involved partners/Collaborating Institutions
Authors Title Conf/journal Date of presentation/ publication
HWDU, TID J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, P.M. Krummrich
Amplifier Placements Optimization for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in Optical Transport Networks
IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2014, submitted
HWDU, TID J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, A. Macho, P. M. Krummrich
Optimized Amplifier Placements for Improved Energy and Spectral Efficiency in Protected Mixed-Line-Rate Networks
Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC) 2014, submitted
CNIT-Polimi, FW M. Gattulli, M. Tornatore, R. Fiandra, A. Pattavina
Low-Emissions Routing for Cloud Computing in IP-over-WDM Networks with Data Centers
Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, to be published
HWDU, TID, CNIT-Polimi
J. López. Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, V. López, F. Jiménez, F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina, P. Krummrich
Protection in Optical Transport Networks with Fixed and Flexible Grid: Cost and Energy Efficiency Evaluation
Optical Switching and Networking, Volume 11, Part A, Pages 55-71
January 2014
INRIA, CNIT-UniRoma1, Orange, PolitTO, UC3M (WP1, WP3, WP4 and WP5
R. Modrzejewski, L. Chiaraviglio, I. Tahiri, F. Giroire, E. Le Rouzic, E. Bonetto, F. Musumeci, R. Gonzalez, C. Guerrero
Energy Efficient Content Distribution in an ISP Network,
Globecom, to be published December 2013
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CNIT-UniRoma1, HWDU, iMinds, Orange, PoliTo, TID, TUB
F. Idzikowski, E. Bonetto, L. Chiaraviglio, A. Cianfrani, A. Coiro, R. Duque, F. Jiménez, E. Le Rouzic, F. Musumeci, W. Van Heddeghem, J. López Vizcaíno, and Y. Ye
TREND in Energy-Aware Adaptive Routing Solutions
IEEE Communications Magazine
November 2013
CNIT-UniRoma1, PoliTo, TUB
A. Ahmad, A. Bianco, E. Bonetto, L. Chiaraviglio, and F. Idzikowski
Energy-Aware Design of Multilayer Core Networks
IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
October 2013
iMinds, TUB, CNIT-PoliMi, (WP1 and WP3)
W. Van Heddeghem, F. Musumeci, F. Idzikowski, A. Pattavina, B. Lannoo, D. Colle, and M. Pickavet
Power Consumption Evaluation of Circuit-Switched Versus Packet-Switched Optical Backbone Networks
IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)
October 2013
PoliTO, CNIT, TUB A. Ahmad, A. Bianco, E. Bonetto, L.Chiaraviglio, F Idzikowski
Energy-Aware Design of Multilayer Core Networks
IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 5, No. 10, pp. A127-A143
October 2013.
CNIT-PoliMi, CNIT-UniRoma1, HWDU, iMinds, Orange, PoliTo, TID, TUB, UC3M
E. Le Rouzic, R. Indre, L. Chiaraviglio, F. Musumeci, A. Pattavina, J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, W. Van Heddeghem, A. Bianco, E. Bonetto, M. Meo, F. Jiménez, F. Idzikowski, and R. Cuevas
TREND Big Picture on Energy-Efficient Backbone Networks
Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications (TIWDC), Genoa, Italy
September 2013
HWDU, TID J. López Vizcaíno, P. Soto, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, P. Krummrich
Energy-efficient and Low Blocking Probability Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme for Dynamic Elastic Optical Networks
International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia
September 2013
HWDU J. Mata, J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, I. Tafur Monroy
Influence of Embodied Energy in the Energy Efficiency of Optical Transport Networks
European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), London, UK
September 2013
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HWDU, TID
J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, P. Krummrich
Energy and Cost-Efficient Protection in Core Networks by a Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme
European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), London, UK
September 2013
UTH, iMinds (WP1 and WP3)
D. Hatzopoulos, I. Koutsopoulos, G. Koutitas and W. Van Heddeghem
Dynamic Virtual Machine Allocation in Cloud Server Facility Systems with Renewable Energy Sources
IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Budapest, Hungary
June 2013
INRIA, Orange, TID, TUB
F. Idzikowski, L. Chiaraviglio, R. Duque, F. Jiménez, and E. Le Rouzic
Green Horizon: Looking At Backbone Networks in 2020 From the Perspective of Network Operators
IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Budapest, Hungary
June 2013
CNIT-PoliMi, FW F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, M. Riunno, A. Pattavina
A Blocking Analysis for Green WDM Networks with Transponder Power Management
International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), Cartagena, Spain
June 2013
Orange, PoliTo, TUB E. Bonetto, L. Chiaraviglio, F. Idzikowski, and E. Le Rouzic
Algorithms for the Multi-Period Power-Aware Logical Topology Design with Reconfiguration Costs
IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 394-410
May 2013
ICAR-CNR, PoliTO C. Mastroianni, M. Meo, G. Papuzzo Analysis of a Self-Organizing Algorithm for Energy Saving in Data Centers
High-Performance, Power-Aware Computing, Boston, USA
May 2013
CNIT-UniRoma1, DT, FUB, HWDU, iMinds, INRIA, Orange, PoliTo, TID, TUB (WP1, WP2 and WP3)
E. Le Rouzic, E. Bonetto, L. Chiaraviglio, F. Giroire, F. Idzikowski, F. Jiménez, C. Lange, J. Montalvo, F. Musumeci, I. Tahiri, A. Valenti, W. Van Heddeghem, Y. Ye, A. Bianco, and A. Pattavina
TREND towards more energy-efficient optical networks
International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM) Brest, France
April 2013
HWDU, TID, CNIT-PoliMi
J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, V. López, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, F. Musumeci, A. Pattavina, P. Krummrich
Differentiated Quality of Protection to Improve Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks
Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition OFC/NFOEC, Anaheim, USA
March 2013
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PoliTO A. Bianco, E. Bonetto, A. Ahmad Energy awareness in the design of optical core networks
Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition OFC/NFOEC, Anaheim, USA
March 2013
HWDU, TID, CNIT-PoliMi
J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina, P. Krummrich
Quality of protection schemes with extended flexibility for improved energy efficiency in transport networks
Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN), Budapest, Hungary
March 2013
HWDU, TID J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, V. López, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, I. T. Monroy, P. Krummrich
Energy Efficiency Improvement with the Innovative Flexible-grid Optical Transport Network
Green Networking and Communications book
March 2013
CNIT-PoliMi, HWDU
F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, A. Pattavina
Energy-Efficiency of Protected IP-over-WDM Networks with Sleep-Mode Devices
Journal of High Speed Networks, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 19-32
January 2013
PoliTo W. Fang, X. Liang, S. Li, L. Chiaraviglio, N. Xiong
VMPlanner: Optimizing Virtual Machine Placement and Traffic Flow Routing to Reduce Network Power Costs in Cloud Data Centers
Computer Networks, , Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 179-196
January 2013
iMinds S. Aleksic, W. Van Heddeghem, M. Pickavet,
Scalability and Power Consumption of Static Optical Core Networks
IEEE Globecom, Anaheim, USA
December 2012
HWDU, TID J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, V. López, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, P. Krummrich
Cost Evaluation for Flexible-Grid Optical Networks
IEEE Globecom, Anaheim, USA
December 2012
iMinds M. C. Parker, R. Martin, S. D. Walker, W. Van Heddeghem, B. Lannoo
Energy-Efficient Master-Slave Edge-Router Upgrade Paths in Active Remote Nodes of Next-Generation Optical Access
ACP (Asia Communications and Photonics Conference), Guangzhou, China
November 2012
HWDU, TID, CNIT-PoliMi
J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, P. Krummrich, F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina
Traffic and Power-Aware Protection Scheme in Elastic Optical Networks
Networks 2012 October 2012
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CNIT, FUB A. Coiro, M. Listanti, A. Valenti Impact of Energy-Aware Topology Design and Adaptive Routing at Different Layers in IP over WDM networks
Networks 2012 October 2012
iMinds, TUB (WP1 and WP3)
W. Van Heddeghem, F. Idzikowski, W. Vereecken, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, and P. Demeester
Power consumption modeling in optical multilayer networks
Photonic Network Communications
October 2012
iMinds, Orange, TUB (WP1 and WP3)
W. Van Heddeghem, F. Idzikowski, E. Le Rouzic, J. Y. Mazeas, H. Poignant , S. Salaun, B. Lannoo, and D. Colle
Evaluation of Power Rating of Core Network Equipment in Practical Deployments
IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (GreenCom)
September 2012
CNIT-PoliMi, HWDU
F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, J. López Vizcaino, Y. Ye, A. Pattavina
Power-Aware Design of Protected IP-over-WDM Networks with Sleep-mode Devices,
IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (GreenCom)
September 2012
HWDU, CNIT-PoliMi
J. López. Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, V. López, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, P. Krummrich
On the Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks with Flexible-grid,
European Conference and Exhibition on Communications (ECOC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
September 2012
Orange, PoliTo, TID, TUB
F. Idzikowski, R. Duque, F. Jiménez, E. Le Rouzic, L. Chiaraviglio, and M. Ajmone Marsan
Energy Saving in Optical Operator Networks: the Challenges, the TREND Vision, and Some Results
European Conference and Exhibition on Communications (ECOC) Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
September 2012
PoliTO, CNIT L. Chiaraviglio, A. Cianfrani On the Effectiveness of Sleep Modes in Backbone Networks with Limited Configurations
International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia
September 2012
PoliTO, Orange E. Bonetto, A. Triki, E. Le Rouzic, B. Arzur, P. Gavignet
Circuit Switching and Time-domain Optical Sub-wavelength Switching Technologies: Evaluations on the Power Consumption
International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia
September 2012
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IMDEA, UC3M (WP2 and WP3)
K. Verma, G. Rizzo, A. Fernandez-Anta, R. Cuevas-Rumin, A. Azcorra
Greening the Internet: Energy-Optimal File Distribution
IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications
August 2012
CNIT, FUB A. Coiro, M. Listanti, T. Squarcia, A. Valenti, F. Matera
Energy-Minimised Virtual Topology Design in IP over WDM Backbone Networks
IET Optoelectronics, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 165 - 172
August 2012
UC3M I. Martinez, R. Gonzalez, C. Guerrero
, Validation of H-P2PSIP, a scalable solution for interoperability among different overlay networks
Elsevier Journal on Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications
July 2012
HWDU J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, I. T. Monroy
Energy Efficiency Analysis for Dynamic Routing in Optical Transport Networks
IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, Canada
June 2012
CNIT, PoliTO, Orange
A. P. Bianzino, C. Chaudet, S. Moretti, J. L. Rougier, L. Chiaraviglio, E. Le Rouzic
Enabling Sleep Mode in Backbone IP-Networks: a Criticality-Driven Tradeoff
IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, Canada
June 2012
CNIT, FW F. Musumeci, D. Siracusa, G. Rizzelli, R. Fiandra, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina
On the Energy Consumption of IP-over-WDM Architectures
IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, Canada
June 2012
CNIT, FW M. Gattulli, M. Tornatore, R. Fiandra, A. Pattavina
Low-Carbon Routing Algorithms for Cloud Computing Services in IP-over-WDM Networks
IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, Canada
June 2012
HWDU J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, I. T. Monroy
Energy Efficiency Analysis for Flexible-grid OFDM-based Optical Networks
Computer Networks, Vol. 56, No. 10, pp. 2400-2419
June 2012
PoliTo, TUB F. Idzikowski, L. Chiaraviglio, and E. Bonetto
EWA: an Adaptive Algorithm for Energy Saving in IP-over-WDM Networks
European Conference on Network and Optical Communications (NOC) Vilanova i la Geltru, Spain
June 2012
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iMinds (WP1 and WP3)
W. Van Heddeghem, M. C. Parker, S. Lambert, W. Vereecken, B. Lannoo, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, and P. Demeester
Using an Analytical Power Model to Survey Power Saving Approaches in Backbone Networks
European Conference on Network and Optical Communications (NOC) Vilanova i la Geltru, Spain
June 2012
PoliTO A. Bianco, P. Giaccone, N. Li Exploiting Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling in Networks on Chip
IEEE 13th Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR), Belgrade, Serbia
June 2012
PoliTO, BU L. Chiaraviglio, I. Matta Energy-Aware Network Management and Content Distribution
Green Communications: Theoretical Fundamentals, Algorithms, and Applications, CRC Press / Taylor & Francis Group
May 2012
PoliTo, TUB F. Idzikowski, L. Chiaraviglio, and F. Portoso
Optimal Design of Green Multi-layer Core Networks
International Conference on Future Energy Systems (e-Energy)
May 2012
PoliTo, TUB F. Idzikowski, E. Bonetto, and L. Chiaraviglio
EWA – an Adaptive Algorithm Using Watermarks for Energy Saving in IP-over-WDM Networks
Technical Report TKN-12-002 May 2012
Orange, INRIA D. Cuda, R. Indre, E. Le Rouzic, J. Roberts
Getting Routers out of the Core: Building an all-Optical Network with "Multipaths"
International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM), Colchester, UK
April 2012
CNIT, FW F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, R. Fiandra, A. Pattavina
The role of network topology on the energy efficiency of IP-over-WDM architectures
International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM), Colchester, UK
April 2012
CNIT-PoliMi F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina
A power consumption analysis for IP-over-WDM core network architectures
IEEE/OSA Journal on Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 108-117
February 2012
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iMinds, TUB (WP1 and WP3)
W. Van Heddeghem F. Idzikowski, W. Vereecken, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, P. Demeester
Power consumption modeling in optical multilayer networks.
Photonic Network Communications, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 86-102
October 2012
iMinds, TUB (WP1 and WP3)
W. Van Heddeghem and F. Idzikowski
Equipment power consumption in optical multilayer networks - source data
Technical Report IBCN-12-001-01
January 2012
ICAR-CNR C. Comito, D. Falcone, D. Talia, P. Trunfio
Energy Efficient Task Allocation over Mobile Networks
International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC 2011), pp. 380-387, Australia
December 2011
HWDU J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, I. T. Monroy
Energy Efficiency in Elastic-Bandwidth Optical Networks
2nd IFIP international conference Network of the Future, pp. 107-111, Paris
November 2011
Orange, PoliTo, TUB E. Bonetto, L. Chiaraviglio, D. Cuda, F. Idzikowski, and F. Neri
Exploiting Traffic Dynamics in Power-Aware Logical Topology Design
European Conference and Exhibition on Communications (ECOC), Geneva, Switzerland
September 2011
PoliTo L. Chiaraviglio, M. Mellia, F. Neri Minimizing ISP Network Energy Cost: Formulation and Solutions
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
July 2011
TUB, ZIB F. Idzikowski, S. Orlowski, C. Raack, H. Woesner, and A. Wolisz
Dynamic routing at different layers in IP-over-WDM networks – Maximizing energy savings
Optical Switching and Networking
July 2011
CNIT-PoliMi F. Musumeci, F. Vismara, V. Grkovic, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina
On the Energy Efficiency of Optical Transport with Time Driven Switching
IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Kyoto, Japan
June 2011
iMinds (WP1 and WP3)
W. Van Heddeghem, W. Vereecken, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, and P. Demeester
Distributed Computing for Carbon Footprint Reduction by Exploiting Low-Footprint Energy Availability
Future Generation Computer Systems
May 2011
PoliTO, BU L. Chiaraviglio, I. Matta An Energy-Aware Distributed Approach for Content and Network Management
IEEE INFOCOM 2011 Workshop on Green Communications and Networking, Shanghai, China
April 2011
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UC3M, TID (WP1 WP3)
R. Cuevas, N. Laoutaris, Y. Xiao, G. Siganos, R. Pablo
Deep Diving into BitTorrent Locality IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2011), Shanghai, China
April 2011
PoliTO L. Chiaraviglio, D. Ciullo, M. Mellia, M. Meo
Modeling Sleep Modes Gains with Random Graphs
IEEE INFOCOM 2011 Workshop on Green Communications and Networking, Shanghai, China
April 2011
UC3M, IMDEA (WP5 and WP3)
R. Cuevas, A. Cuevas, M. Urueña, A. Banchs
Applying Low Discrepancy Sequences for Node-ID Assignment in P2PSIP
IEEE Communications Letter, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 256 - 258
February 2011
UC3M, IMDEA (WP5 and WP3)
R. Cuevas, M. Kryczka, A. Cuevas, S. Kaune, C. Guerrero, R. Rejaie
Is Content Publishing in BitTorrent Altruistic or Profit-Driven?
The ACM 6th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT), Philadelphia, USA
December 2010
CNIT, CNIT-UniRoma1 (WP1 and WP3 )
R. Bolla, R. Bruschi, A. Cianfrani, M. Listanti
Introducing Standby Capabilities into Next-Generation Network Devices
PRESTO '10 Proceedings of the Workshop on Programmable Routers for Extensible Services of Tomorrow, Philadelphia, USA
November 2010
FP7-ICT-257740/ D3.7
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5.2 Mobility actions
Involved partners
Person Topic Period
PoliTo, TUB Francesco Portoso Energy-aware network topology design 02/03/2011 – 30/06/2011
TUB, Orange Filip Idzikowski Reduction of power consumption in IP-over-WDM networks - heuristics, routing and power consumption of single devices
11/04/2011 – 15/04/2011
Orange, TID Esther Le Rouzic Optical burst switching and optical subwavelength switching potential for power consumption reduction
28/09/2011 – 28/09/2011
PoliTO, Orange Edoardo Bonetto Study on the electrical consumption in optical core and metro networks and impact of new sub-wavelength optical switching technologies
03/10/2011 – 08/04/2012
Orange PoliTo Raluca-Maria Indre Evaluating the power consumption of proposed solutions for metropolitan area networks
19/10/2011 – 19/12/2011
UC3M, PoliTo Roberto Gonzalez Greening the Networking Infrastructure of OSNs 20/11/2011 – 03/12/2011
TUB, PoliTo Filip Idzikowski Power consumption in IP-over-WDM networks - design and heuristics
16/01/2012 – 20/01/2012
ICAR-CNR, PoliTo
Carlo Mastroianni Energy Saving in Data Centers and Cloud Computing 26/01/2012 – 28/01/2012
Orange, TUB, iMinds
Filip Idzikowski, Esther Le Rouzic
Power consumption of IP-over-WDM network devices - theory vs. practice (WP1 and WP3)
16/02/2012 – 16/02/2012
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CNIT-PoliMi, TUB
Francesco Musumeci Energy-efficient use of network core resources 23/04/2012 – 24/04/2012
PoliTo, CNIT Luca Chiaraviglio Energy-Aware Algorithms for Backbone Networks 05/05/2012 – 08/05/2012
HWDU, TID Jorge Lopez Vizcaino Energy Efficiency Analysis for Protection/Restoration in Optical Networks
07/05/2012 – 25/05/2012
TUB, TID Filip Idzikowski Simple power adaptive mechanism for power saving in IP-over-WDM operator networks
08/05/2012 – 08/05/2012
Orange, TID Bernard Arzur Subwavelength photonic switching equipment evaluation in TID Lab
03/07/2012 – 05/07/2012
PoliTo, INRIA Luca Chiaraviglio Greening Content Distribution 12/07/2012 – 17/07/2012
HWDU, CNIT Jorge Lopez Vizcaino Energy Efficient Differentiated Quality of Protection 11/11/2012 – 23/11/2012
INRIA, CNIT Luca Chiaraviglio Sleep mode and failures: is there a tradeoff? 12/11/2012 – 13/11/2012
INRIA, PoliTo Luca Chiaraviglio Energy-Efficien Design of Core Networks 25/01/2013 – 25/01/2013
ZIB, TUB Axel Werner, Inken Olthoff, Frank Pfeuffer
Traffic and energy consumption in IP-over-WDM networks -- design, heuristics and physical constraints
04/03/2013 – 01/11/2013 (long-term regular exchange)
TUB, CNIT-UniRoma1, FUB
Filip Idzikowski TESM and FUFL on the FUB testbed (WP3 and WP4) 16/03/2013 – 20/03/2013
TUB, DT Filip Idzikowski Traffic and energy saving in IP-over-WDM networks 10/04/2013 – 26/11/2013
HWDU, TID Jorge Lopez Vizcaino Extension of Energy-efficient Differentiated Quality of Protection Schemes
16/05/2013 – 31/05/2013
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TUB, PoliTo Filip Idzikowski Energy-aware design of IP-over-WDM networks, experimental activities, big picture, and teaching on metro/core networks (WP3 and WP4)
01/07/2013 – 04/07/2013
FP7-ICT-257740/ D3.2
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6. Conclusions The works within the technical domains of WP3 have enabled many joint activities
among partners and collaborating activities. This has been fruitful in terms of technical achievements proven by the large amount of produced papers most of which were joint works.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Meetings Conf calls Single partner papers
Multiple partnerspapers
Mobility actions
Number
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Figure 6 – Amount of papers and mobility actions produced each year and amount of meetings and conf calls.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number
Number of partners / collaborating institutions
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Figure 7 – Number of partners and collaborating institutions per produced paper.
Figure 1 and 2 show that the amount of joint papers has grown each year proving the good collaboration among partners and collaborating institutions. The amount of partner/ collaborating institution per paper has also grown from maximum two in Year 1 to ten in Year 3. The collaboration graph illustrates the joint activities during the whole project duration.
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Meetings 2 3 2
Conf calls 5 9 1
Single partner papers
4 9 5
Multiple partners papers
5 14 30
Mobility actions
2 14 11
Nb of partners/Collabo
rating Institutions
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
1 4 9 5
2 5 12 15
3 0 2 9
4 0 0 2
5 0 0 1
6 0 0 0
7 0 0 1
8 0 0 0
9 0 0 1
10 0 0 1
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PoliTo
HWDU
TID
Orange
TUB
UC3M
UTH
iMinds
BU
IMDEA
CNIT
INRIA
TUD
FUB
DT
ICAR-CNR
IHU
FW
ZIB
Figure 8 – Collaboration graph.
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7. List of Acronyms
ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CDN Content Delivery Networks
CIs Collaborating Institutions
CP Content Provider
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DWDM Dense WDM
EO Electrical to Optical
EON Elastic Optical Network
FTTH Fiber To The Home
ICT Information and communication technologies
ILP Integer Linear Programming
IP Internet Protocol
IRA Integrated Research Action
ISP Internet Service Provider
IT Information Technology
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITU-T Telecommunication Standardization Sector
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
OE Optical to Electrical
OEO Optical to Electrical to Optical
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OSN Online Social Network
OXC Optical cross-connect
QoS Quality of Service
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SLPSN Sub-Lambda Photonically Switched Networks
VM Virtual Machine
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WP Work Package