d1.3 – technology state-of-the-art · analyses & state of play of smart metering deployment...

PARENTT1.3:Stateoftheartofsmartmeters,sub-meteringdevicesandEMSintheEU

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D1.3 – Technology State-of-the-art 1. REPORT

REVISION: (FINAL)

AUTHORS: BPL

SUBMITTED TO: IES


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StateoftheartofSmartmeters,sub-meteringdevicesandenergymanagementsystemsintheEuropeanUnion

TableofContents1. SmartmetersintheEU...................................................................................................................3

1.1. Smartgrids..............................................................................................................................31.2. Smartmeters-Needforsmartmetering................................................................................41.3. EUsmartmeter’sstrategy.......................................................................................................51.4. MostcommonlydeployedSmartmeters................................................................................6

2. SmartmeteringdeploymentintheEU............................................................................................62.1.SmartmetersState-of-the-art......................................................................................................62.2.Minimumfunctionalities..............................................................................................................92.3.Communicationinfrastructureanddatahandlingstandard......................................................112.4.Observedproblemsandrisks....................................................................................................132.5.Someexamples..........................................................................................................................14

3. Sub-meteringdevicesintheEU....................................................................................................153.1.Sub-meters-ingeneral..............................................................................................................153.2.Sub-meteringpenetrationinEU................................................................................................163.3.Choosingasub-meteringdevice................................................................................................173.4.Observedrisksandproblematicissues(datasecurity,privacyissues)......................................17

4. EnergyManagementSystems(EMS)intheEU.............................................................................184.1.EMSinfrastructure..................................................................................................................184.2.Energymanagementsystemevolution...................................................................................194.3.PenetrationofmainmarketplayersinEUmemberstates.....................................................214.4.EnergyManagementSystems................................................................................................21

5. PersonalEnergyManagementSystems........................................................................................225.1.B2Bcompanies...........................................................................................................................255.2.B2Ccompanies...........................................................................................................................275.3.Utilities.......................................................................................................................................30

6. Conclusions...................................................................................................................................327. References........................................................................................Error!Bookmarknotdefined.8. Definitions.....................................................................................................................................34ANNEX1:SmartmeterstandardsapplicableintheEU........................................................................38ANNEX2:Companiesofferingenergymanagementproducts/services..Error!Bookmarknotdefined.ANNEX3:ProductanalysisoftheEnergyManagementBusiness........................................................39


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2. SmartmetersintheEU

1.1. SmartgridsSmart grids are electricity networks that make use of the information and communicationtechnologies (ICT) and are able to integrate other advanced technologies (distributed electricitygenerators,electricitystorage,electricvehicles…)tomaximizetheefficiency,reliabilityandsafetyofthe power grid, andminimize the costs and environmental impacts. Smart grids are then, energynetworksthatautomaticallymonitorenergyflowsandareabletorespondtochangesinsupplyanddemand.Whencoupledwithsmartmeteringsystems,smartgridsreachconsumersandsuppliersbyprovidinginformationonreal-timeconsumption.Smart grids can help to integrate renewable energy.While energy production through renewablesources strongly fluctuates, combining information on energy demandwithweather forecasts canallow grid operators to better plan the integration of renewable energy into the grid and balancetheirnetworks.Furthermore, smartgridsopenup thepossibility forconsumerswhoproduce theirownenergytorespondtopricesandsellexcesstothegrid.

To illustrate this change on the electrical grid, Figure 1 shows the evolution on the electrical gridmodel.

Figure1.Electricitysystemsaregettingsmarter,frompasttofuture.Source:IEA.Technologyroadmap:SmartGrids.

InTable1asummaryofthedifferencesbetweenconventionalandsmartgridsarepresented:


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Table1.Characteristics’comparisonbetweenConventionalandSmartgrids(NCCS,2011)Characteristic Conventionaloldgrid Newsmartgrid

Resiliency, reliabilityandsecurity

Vulnerable to failures and naturaldisasters

Resilient to attacks and failures withrapid and even automatic restoration,self-healing

Integration generationandstorage

Central generation of large powerplants located in few places.Difficulty to integrate distributedenergysources.

Facility to integrate the manydistributed energy sources(renewables)with“plug-and-play”asasupplementtothecentralstations

Consumerengagement

Consumers have a passive paper,andareunder-informed

Are involved, well informed and haveanactivepaper–demandresponseandpossibilitytobe“prosumers”

Optimisation andoperationsefficiency

One direction power flow, far toutilise the whole capacity of theinfrastructure,concurringtohigherinvestmentandmaintenancecosts

Two-direction communication andflow. Ability to reduce losses and usethefullcapacityofthesystem’sassets.

Marketevolution Limited choices for the consumer,limitedwholesalemarkets.

More mature, liberalization of themarketleadtoagrowthofmarketandmoreoptionsfortheconsumer

1.2. Smartmeters-NeedforsmartmeteringThe Smart Meter is the key element for the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)1 to workproperly,itisplacedinthehomeorbuildingandcollectsalltheenergyconsumptioninintervalsoftime and notifies the consumer of the current price of electricity. Hence, with smart meters,consumerscanadapt–intimeandvolume-theirenergyusagetodifferentenergypricesthroughouttheday, savingmoneyon their energybillsby consumingmoreenergy in lowerpriceperiodsandhelpinggridstobalancesupplyanddemand.

1Advancedmeteringinfrastructure(AMI)isagroupoftechnologiescombinedtogetherformanarchitecturethatpermitsatwo-waycommunicationbetweentheconsumerandtheutility(EPRI,2007).


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Figure2.Examplesmartmeters

Smartmeterscontributetheparticipantsofthegridinthefollowingways:

§ Customersbenefits:Theconsumerswillbebetterinformedonhowmuchandwhentheyconsumeenergy.Onlineandin-home displays help manage their consumption and costs and realize energy/cost savings bill byhavingaccesstothepricerates.Thecustomercanreceiveabetterandtailoredservice,astheutilitycompanyisabletobetterprofilethebehaviourofitscustomers.

§ Suppliersbenefits:

Estimated and manual read-outs will be avoided; utility companies will obtain (nearly) real timereadingsandaperceptiblecostreductiontoobtaintherequireddata.Customerservicewillbemuchbetter thanks to themassiveamountsofenergy consumptiondata.New innovativeoffers suchasthetime-of-usetariffshelpshiftthecustomerservicestowardsaconsumerengagement.Collaterally,duetotheAMIimplementationtheelectricalsystemwillbemoreefficient,andreliable,bringingalossesandcostsreduction.Also,arapidoutrageorsystemfaultsdetectionandquickfixofthe problem helps reducing interruptions and improve service. In a more open perspective, newbusinesswillarisemainlyintheITanddataanalysisfieldsduetothelargeamountofdatagenerated.

1.3. EUsmartmeter’sstrategyTheEUaimstoreplaceat least80%ofelectricitymeterswithsmartmetersby2020wherever it iscost-effectivetodoso.ThissmartmeteringandsmartgridsrolloutcanreduceemissionshouseholdenergyconsumptionintheEUbyupto9%.Tomeasurecosteffectiveness,EUcountriesconductedcost-benefit analyses based on guidelines provided by the European Commission. A similarassessmentwascarriedoutfornaturalgassmartmeters.

TheEuropeanUnionhasaplantoimplementelectricityandnaturalgassmartmetersthroughouttheEuropeancountries,a2014reportonthesmartmeteringdeployment(EuropeanCommission:Smartgridsandmeters,2014)showsthat:


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• Closeto200millionsmartmetersforelectricityand45millionforgaswillberolledoutintheEU by 2020. This represents a potential investment of €45 billion (and shifts the markettowardslargescaleproductionmarketplayers)

• By2020,~72%ofEuropeanconsumersareexpectedtohaveasmartmeterforelectricity.About40%shouldbeequippedwithagassmartmeter.

• ThecostofinstallingasmartmeterintheEUisonaveragebetween€200and€250• On average, smart meters provide savings of €160 for gas and €309 for electricity per

metering point annually (distributed amongst consumers, suppliers, distribution systemoperators,etc.)aswellasanaverageenergysavingof3%.

‘Smartmeter’isageneraltermtypicallyrelatedtoelectricityandnaturalgas(~30%).Futuremarketswillinvolvewateranddistrictheatinginfrastructuremeters.

1.4. MostcommonlydeployedSmartmeters

Throughout the EU roll-out, vast numbers of smartmeters need to be produced, distributed andinstalled.Onlyahandfulproducerscankeepupwiththatrequiredvolume,leavingthemarketfairlyundivided.ThemainplayersontheEUmarketcurrentlyare:

• Landis&Gyr (www.landisgyr.com)• Itron (https://www.itron.com/)• Elster (www.elster.com/)• Iskraemeco (www.iskraemeco.si/)

All four have joined IDIS, the ‘Interoperable Device Interface Specifications’ Industry Association,which publishes yearly reports of the industry and market analysis for smart meters and relatedtechnologies(http://idis-association.com/).

3. SmartmeteringdeploymentintheEU

2.1.SmartmetersState-of-the-artInEuropethefirstregulationcoveringthesmartmeteringlegislationisfoundinAnnexI.2.Europe–ElectricityDirective2009/72/EC,howevereachmemberstatemusttransposetheEUlegislationtoitsnational legal order. Each country is, however, free to conduct a Cost-Benefit Analysis or not toperformasmartmeterroll-out.


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Figure3.OverviewofCBAoutcomesandintentionsforelectricitysmartmeterrolloutatwide-scale(Cost-benefitanalyses

&stateofplayofsmartmeteringdeploymentintheEU-27,2014)

In any case the rollout of smartmeters should be completed by 2020. So far, about 16memberstates are in the process of wide-scale roll-out by 2020, see Figure 4. If this scenario is carriedthrough,therolloutwouldachievemorethan80%penetration.


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Figure4.OverviewofMemberStatetargetsforthesmartmeterrollout

Thesetupforthecountriesthatareintheprocessofadoptionandrolloutisasfollows:

Figure5.MemberStatesproceedingwithlarge-scalesmartmeteringroll-outby2020

Tohavedetailedinformationabouteachmemberstate,theEuropeanCommission’sJointResearchGroup (JRC), summarizes the smart meter’s situation in the “Smart Metering Deployment in theEuropeanUnion”(JRC,2014)report.Thereportdescribesthedeploymentstrategyofeachcountry(mandatoryorvoluntary),themeteringmarket(regulatedorcompetitive),theresponsiblepartyandownership(DSO,meteroperatororsupplier)andalsotheresponsiblepartyabletoaccessmeteringdata(DSOorcentralhub).


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2.2.Minimumfunctionalities

InEurope,thefirstregulationcoveringthesmartmeteringlegislationisfoundinAnnexI.2.Europe-electricityDirective2009/72/EC.TheEUhassetcommonminimumfunctionalitiesforsmartmeters,includedintheRecommendation2012/148/EU.Thesefunctionalitiescapturetheessentialelementsthatasmartmeterrequirestobenefitallstakeholders,andissummarizedinTable2(Cost-benefitanalyses&stateofplayofsmartmeteringdeploymentintheEU-27,2014).

Table2.Thetenmust-haveSmartmeteringelementstofillwiththefunctionalitiesforeachstakeholder

CONSUMER a) Providereadingsdirectlytotheconsumerand/orantthirdpartyb) Update readings frequently enough to use energy savings

schemesMETERINGOPERATOR

c) Allowremotereadingbytheoperatord) Providetwo-waycommunicationforthemaintenanceandcontrole) Allowfrequentenoughreadingsfornetworkingplanning

COMMERCIAL

ASPECTS OFSUPPLY

f) Supportadvancedtariffsystemg) RemoteON/OFFcontrolsupplyand/orfloworpowerlimitation

SECURITY–

DATAPROTECTION

h) Providesecuredatacommunicationi) Fraudpreventionanddetection

DISTRIBUTEDGENERATION

j) Provideimport/exportandreactivemetering

A summary of the recommended functionalities, met per member state, is shown in Figure 6(classifying if the actual implementations are in correlationwith the recommended functionalities,partiallyornot).


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Func(a) Func(b) Func(c) Func(d) Func(e) Func(f) Func(g) Func(h) Func(i) Func(j)Austria YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESDenmark YES Partly YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESEstonia YES Partly YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESFinland YES Partly YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESFrance YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESGreece YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESIreland YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESItaly YES Partly YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESLuxemburg NA NA YES YES YES NA NA YES NA NAMalta Partly YES YES YES YES YES Partly YES Partly YESNetherlands YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESPoland YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESRomania YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESSpain YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESSweden YES Partly YES YES YES YES Partly YES Partly YESUnitedKingdom YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESBelgium YES NA YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESBulgaria YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES PartlyCyprus YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESCzechRepublic YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESGermany YES YES YES YES YES YES NA YES YES YESHungary Partly YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NOLatvia YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESLithuania YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESPortugal YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YESSlovakRepublic YES YES YES YES Partly YES YES YES YES PartlySlovenia YES Partly YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Partly

StatesInRollin

g-outSmartM

eters

StatesNOTRo

lling-o

utSmart

Meters

Figure6.SummaryoftherecommendedfunctionalitiesaccomplishedornotpercountryinEurope,dividedbythose

countriesinvolvedinthesmartmeterrolling-outandthosewhonot.Adaptedfrom(Cost-benefitanalyses&stateofplayofsmartmeteringdeploymentintheEU-27,2014)

ThesetenrecommendedfunctionalitiesaretheoutcomeoftheCommissionconsultation.TheyarebasedonthoseproposedunderthestandardizationmandateM/441 (identified inCEN-CLC-ETSITR50572:2011 ‘Functional reference architecture for communications in smart metering systems").ERGEG has proposed advisorymeasures concerning themeters for electricity and natural gas. Toconformtotheserequirements,smartmetersshouldattheveryleastprovidethefollowingservices:

Table3.SmartmeterfunctionlaitiesidentifiedbytheM/441

M/441additionalfunctionalities

F1 Remotereadingofmetrologicalregister(s)andprovisiontodesignatedmarketorganisations

F2 Two-waycommunicationbetweenthemeteringsystemanddesignatedmarketorganisation(s)

F3 TosupportadvancedtariffingandpaymentsystemsF4 Toallowremotedisablementandenablementofsupplyandflowpower

limitationF5 Toprovidesecurecommunicationenablingthesmartmetertoexport

metrologicaldatafordisplayandpotentialanalysistotheendconsumerorathirdpartydesignatedbytheendconsumer

F6 Toprovideinformationviawebportal/gatewaytoanin-home/buildingdisplayorauxiliaryequipment


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BesidestheproposalofERGEG,theEuropeanMandate441decidesonthecommunicationprotocolsand functionalities of smart meters. The mandate envisages harmonization of the EuropeanStandardsastoprovide interoperabilitybetweenthedifferentconsumptionmeters (water,naturalgas, electricity andheat). TheM4411 is pickedupby standardizationbodies andprivate initiativessuchasESMIGandIDISthatcopewithinteroperabilitytesting.

2.3.CommunicationinfrastructureanddatahandlingstandardTheanatomyoftheAdvancedMeteringInfrastructure(AMI).TheAdvancedMeteringInfrastructureis composed by several elements from the inside of the customer building until the utility. ThesecomponentsarepresentedinFigure5:Homedisplayunits,HomeAreaNetwork,Smartmeters,WideArea Network, Data collection Head-end, Data management systems (DMS) and Data portal tostakeholderssystems.

Figure7.AdvancedMeteringInfrastructurediagram,fromcustomer’shometostakeholder’sservices.Ownfigureadaptedfrom:(Evans,2007)

ThecentralpartoftheAMI:

§ Smartmeters:IsthekeyelementfortheAMItoworkproperly;placedinthehomeorbuildinglimitsandcollectsalltheenergyconsumptioninintervalsoftimeandprovidestheelectricitypricetotheconsumer.Usingcommunication protocols, the smartmeter is able to remotely report data to both consumer andutility.

§ WideAreaNetworks(WAN):

These networks are capable to cover a broader area, are themedium inwhich various groups ofsmartmetersfromdifferentLANscommunicatethedatacollectedtothedataconcentratororheadend.


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§ Dataconcentrator(DC)orheadend:Theheadend is the responsible toput togetheralldata froma largenumberanddisparatesetofsmartmeters.MostoftheEUmemberstateshaveadoptedthisDataConcentratorasamiddleware,between the smart meter and the Data Management System (DMS). This Data Concentrator islocated at the Medium/Low Voltage substations and works as a communication gateway. ThecommunicationtechnologyoccursthroughPowerLineCarrier(PLC)and/orGPRS.

§ Datamanagementsystems(DMS):DMS is a single repository capable of storingmassive quantities of smartmeter readings. Inmostcases, communication between theData Concentrator and theDMS is done throughGPRS. Smartmeters are able to record the interval consumption, so they produce a large amount of data, forexampleareadingperhourcanproducearoundsome8000readingsperyearpersinglemeter.Therefore, the implementation of a common standard on data handling is one of the biggestchallengesintheEUsmartmeterrollout.FromtheEUpointofview,themostcommonandacceptedcommunication standards between the local components and the Metering Data managementsoftware, are found in the CEN/CLC/ETSI/TR 50572:2011 (see ANNEX 1: Smart meter standardsapplicable in the EU). The more advanced metering infrastructure is well described underCEN/CLC/ETSI/TR50572(CEN,2011).Bellow,inFigure8,acoordinationdiagramfortheMandate441highlightingthestandardizationareathat the Mandate is targeting. Figure 9 shows the EU mandate 441 and relations betweenstandardizationcommitteesaswellasthecommunicationbetweenlocalsystemsandtheHeadEndsystem.

Figure8.CoordinationdiagramfortheM441


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Figure9.Referencearchitecturediagramforsmartmeteringcommunications

2.4.Observedproblemsandrisks

Sinceitconcernsaveryrecentdevelopmentonaglobalscale,therearealotofactionsinthefieldindifferentstagesofdevelopment.TechnicallySofar,nogeneralstandardhasbeenadoptedtoserveasacommonwayofcommunications.Existingandnewdevicesneedtobecompatiblewitharangeofenergymanagementsystemsforend-usersand grid operators as well as the operator of the data infrastructure and energy – the networkservice supplying operator (NSSO). This problem of compatibility will only increasewith demandsfrom governments and the EU on the level/detail of the measured data, increased grid facilitiesrelatedtorenewableenergyandnewfunctionssuchasdemandsidemanagement.Communicationprotocolsdetailthemethodologyofdatatransferandhowthemain infrastructurecommunicatesthelivesituationofthemonitoredenergyconsumption.SystemsinuseareGPRS,G3andPLC.Allofthemhavetheirlimitationsdependingonspeedofcommunicationandfunctionalitiesrequired.


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SoftinfrastructureTheexchangeofdatabetweenallthecomponentsofthesystemneedstocopelargelywithfutureissues. Smart meters are installed for expected lifetimes of 15 to 20 years so the way they areconceivedtodaywillneedtoprovideaplatformforallpossibleapplicationsinthefuture.Ingeneral,productstodayofferthefollowingservices:

• Meterread-out,synchronizationandremotedemandreset,opscheckandmaintenance• Communication mode internet protocol via GPRS and GSM CSD with protocol TCP/IP or

powerline(PLC)andradioinfrastructure• Plugandplayinstallationneedingnoexternalpowersupplyorwiringsoftwareops;remote

firmwareupgradeandmodemconfiguration

Non-technicalThereisawidemixoflegalissuesrelatedtonewapplicationsofsmartmeters:

• Action related data in order to pinpoint a fault location in case of non-compliance to theESSO(energyservicesupplyoperator)contract

• Securityofdatatransferandprotocolcompliance,encryption,…• OpenplatforminordertoallowactualandfutureESSO’stooffertheirservices inasimple

butconformway(forexampleviaPi-Dongle)• Privacy complianceanduseofdata, damage insurance in caseof failureon the client side

and/orESSO,Cybersecurity,…

2.5.Someexamples

Table4.Overviewontheimplementationofthesmartmetersinexamplecountries

Country Size Technology Reason Danmark8 march’16(DONGenergy,2016)

1.000.000pcsfor period of10 yrs +extension till2035

Kamstrup - OMNIA Suiteconnecting to Energy’s newGridstream meter datamanagement system fromLandis+Gyr, and the existingSAPsystem

Regulatory modificationbut no business case sofar for DONG saysSøren Rønnebech – newlaw will provide servicesfor electricity (follow-upconsumptionandcontrol–socialbenefitswithRES–gridinvestments

Dong installs in 50% of thehouseholds -complete rolloutDKuntill2020

Greenland2007-2012(Kamstrup,2012)

46.000 pcs(heat +water+electricity)

Kamstrup – each meter isrouter for theother one–RF-mesh solutions; concentratortransmitting the data to theenergy company viaGSM/GPRS

Abletoimproved energymanagement andsignificant financialsavings for national gridoperator

We can read, disconnect andreconnect the powerautomatically and centrally, sothat we avoid unpleasantsituations out in the smallcommunities where everyoneknowseveryone.


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GreatBritain3/12/2015(EuropeanInvestmentBank)

7.000.000pcs(of total 53mio gas +electricity)

UK Government’s plansto ensure that over 53million smart electricityand gas meters areinstalled in everydomestic property inGreatBritainby2020.

Somespecific,‘morethenrequired’smartmeteringprojectshavestartedinseveralMemberStates.

In theNetherlands,SoestStedinseekssolutions thatcomplywiththeregulatory frameworkwhichofferareplacementfortheboilerday/nightswitchingservice.Stedinrecognizesthatfortheenergytransitiontobesuccessful,customeradoptionofdemand-sideflexibilitywillbeessential.Asaresult,Stedinadoptedastrategytofacilitatemarketpartiesoptimally(e.g.aggregatorrole)tomakethemsuccessfulindeliveringdemand-sideflexibilityasacontributiontoaffordableenergysystems.Stedinrecognizesthepotentialofapprox.100kheatingsystems(average2kWpersystem)initsoperatingareatocontributetodemand-sideflexibility(representing200MWonthebalancingmarket).

InFrance,theAMMRSIprojectwillallowuserstointegrateexistingsmartmetersforequalenergyvectors(e.g.electricity:PME/PMImeter,gasmetersequippedwithcommunicatingsuchcasesCello…)inonecommonenergymanagementsystem.ThechallengestobemetbythecandidateswiththenewSIAMMRare:

• Identify and remotely monitor gas and electricity meters of all GEG concessions withconstraintsofreliability,safetyandproductivity

• IntegrationintotheinformationsystemofGEG• Itsabilitytointegratenewmetersafterdeployment• Its ability to store a significant amount of varied data and return them synchronously and

asynchronouslywithsignificantvolumes(especiallyfortheneedsoffutureGRDsites)• Itsabilitytoadapttoregulatorychanges(includinginconnectionwiththesecuredexposure

ofconsolidateddatatothirdparties)andtrades.In Germany, the ‘Gemeindewerke Niestestal’ intends to exchange domestic water meters withultrasonicwatermeterswithintegratedradiocommunication(OpenMetering).Bytheendof2016,a total of 600 meters should be operational. In 2017, this total should increase to 3000 meters.Ultrasoundtechnologyshould result ina long-termstablesupplyofaccuratedata.All componentsfor the smartmeteringequipmentmust complywith theMIDOIMLR49, EN14154 standardsanddirectives.

4. Sub-meteringdevicesintheEU

3.1.Sub-meters-ingeneral

A sub-metering device is a local measuring equipment within the home network or a generalmeasuringequipmentifitisplacedintheelectricbox,thesub-meteringdeviceisindependentfrom


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theofficialelectricitysmartmeterthat isusedtoextractthereadingsandbill theconsumers,theyare able to provide readings and measurements with a lower period frequency than the smartmeters,while the smartmeters provide readings from15minutes to 1 hour frequency, there aresomesubmeteringdevicesthanprovidereadingsevery1minuteor3minutes.Also,thepossibilitytoaccessthedatareal time isacompetitiveadvantageof thesubmeteringdevicesrespect tothesmartmeterswhich,notalways,itsmeasurementsarenotavailablefortheuserimmediately.However,thesub-meteringdevicesareanalternativeforthosehouseholdersthateither(a)doesnotaccountforanofficialsmartmeterasthecountryorDSOhavenotasmartmeterrolloutstrategy,or(b) although they account for a smartmeter, for some reason, they are not able to access to thedata.Therefore,theinstallationofasub-meteringdevicethatprovidesthemthereal-timedataandaccomplish(andimprove)thefunctionsthatthesmartmetershoulddo.There are many option when selecting sub-metering devices, also their communication modulesdifferlargelywithawiderangeofwiredandwirelesscommunicationprotocolsincludingMV/LVBPL,ZigBee,3G,Wi-Fi,Ethernet,fiber,serial,Mesh-RFandWAN.SupportforANSI/NMEAC12.18andIEC62056 (DLMS/COSEM) 2-way communication protocols for meters exists and is being developedfurther.

3.2.Sub-meteringpenetrationinEU

Incomparisontosmartmeters,thenumberofdifferentdevicesinuseintheEUisratherlimited,thedemandersofthiskindofdevicesareusually:

• Individual people that is close to the energy sector and have some kind of technicalbackgroundthatseekforamajorcontrolofitsconsumption

• Localinstitutionsthatoffersthesedeviceswiththeframeworkofaprojecttothecitizensinorder to createa community toengageusers to saveenergy.This is thecaseof the“RubíBrilla”project.

It isworth to say that the sub-meteringofferhasbeen increased recently,by the suppliersmainlyfocused in the industry and corporate sector, started offering these products to the residentialsector,this isthecaseofCircutor inSpainofferingsubmeteringdevicesforresidentialconsumers.Likewise,bythoseappliancemanufacturerswhichareofferingsoftwareplatformsequippedintheirdevices. Well known are platforms of local heating devices and electrical appliances that offersystem-relatedservices.Laptop/tabletsoftwareplatformswhichenable trackingof theoperationalconditionofthedevices,energyusedand(a limitedformof)reportingaregaininggroundatafastpace.Asinmanyotherfields,themainbarrierofthepenetrationforthesub-meteringdevicesistheprice.Dependingonthedeviceandthecomplements,anelectricsubmeteringwouldcostbetween100to200€. This is an expensive quantitywhen it comes to residential consumers, as the savings therecouldachievebyhavingmore informationof theirconsumptiondoesnotpay-off the initialcostofpurchasingsuchdevice,however fewpeople (mostof themwitha technicalbackground)wouldn’tmindtoinvestonit.


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3.3.Choosingasub-meteringdeviceThere are many sub-metering device options for electricity, gas and heating. See the detailedinformationofsomeofthemintheError!Referencesourcenotfound..Thesesolutionsofferbothahardwaredevicetobeinstalledinthehouseandthesoftwareplatformwheretovisualizethedata,thisplatformiseitheraweboramobileapp.Due to the variety of suppliers it is essential to check their company guarantees program andcompatibility for the individual application environment. The major suppliers of householdappliances forheatingandcooling,electrical andkitchenapparatusoffer theirownsystems. SincetheyhavetocomplywithgeneralCE-standardsaspectsofsafety,operabilitybutalsoEMCinvolvinghealthrisksneedtobeanalyzedinordertoidentifythemostsuitabledevice.EUimplementedstandardsforwatermeters,gasmetersandheatmetersthatneedtobecompliedwithbysuppliers(seeANNEX1:SmartmeterstandardsapplicableintheEU).We would like to mention, that there is a large number of companies that are offering only asoftwareservicewithapowerfuldataanalyticssystemwiththeobjectivetoengagetheconsumer,withoutusinganysub-meteringdevices,astheypartnerwithutilitiessotheyareabletogetthedatafromtheutility’ssmartmeter.

3.4.Observedrisksandproblematicissues(datasecurity,privacyissues)Asmentionabove,awiderangeofdifferentsystemscomprisingdifferentmodesofcommunicationexist,inordertosendandreceivethedata.Asignificantfuturechallengeexistsinthecompatibilityoftheseindividualcompanyset-upstomorecommonlyusedsystemssuchasEIBorS-bus,aswellasbuildingmonitoringsystems2.Communicationiskeypoint,asifthecommunicationbreaksthentheuserwon’tbeabletovisualizeanydata,for instanceifthedevicecommunicatesviaWi-Fiandtheuserswitches itoffeverynightthenit ispossiblethatwelosesomedata,dependingonthedevice,aswellas iftheWi-Fisignal isnotstrongenoughnosendingofdatawouldbedone.Afterknowing that thecommunicationworksproperly, thedataquality isalsoan important issue,themanufacturerorsuppliermustprovideawell-calibrateddeviceasgooddataisessentialfortheservicesassociatedtothedevices.The other important issue is the data security and data protection rights of the user (EUR-LEX2014/724/EU,2014),somesuppliersapplysystemsthatuseopensoftwareofferingtheadvantageof

2EUdevelopedanEnergyperformancedirectiveforbuildingsbringingintorelationlocalbuildingautomationfunctionsunderEN15232andVDI3813


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community development, this advantage is countered by the increased risk of abuse, inherent toopen source software. So, it should be convenient that the supplier informs the user beforeregisteringtoitsplatformthedataprotectionconditionsandalsoaskingforitsconsent.

5. EnergyManagementSystems(EMS)intheEU

TheEnergyManagementSystem(EMS)areusedtorefertotwoapplicationsintheenergyfield.Thefirstone,EMSisareferredtosetofcomputer-aidedtoolstheelectricgridoperatorisusingtocontrol,monitoranoptimizethegrid.ThissystemisusedbytheDistributionSystemOperator(DSO)andbytheTransmissionSystemOperator(TSO).

However,theEnergyManagementSystemisalsoreferredtothosesystemsthatindividualcompanies,commercialentitiesordomesticuserstomonitor,measureandcontroltheirelectricalconsumptionandevencontrolitsdevices(PersonalEnergyManagementSystems).

4.1.EMSinfrastructure

Currently,themarketisrelativelynew,immatureandverydiffuse.AlotofESSO’sneedtoimplementandrolloutasystemwhilelegislationnortechnologyis ‘finalized’.ThisstudyisthereforelimitedtoanoverviewofthedifferentsystemsusedbythedifferentDistributionNetworkOperators/ESSO’s.

Figure10.Interactionofthemeteringandelectricityinfrastructure

Figure1010presentsanoverviewoftheinteractionofmetersandthehouseholdelectricsystemonlow and medium voltage level (typically the action field of Distributed System Operators (DSO)workingfrom400Vtoabout15kV).


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Throughalltheindividualdataconnectionpointsonthe400Vside,thedataconnectionsnodesareusually located insidePower Transformer Substations.Downstream,big databecomes available intheenterpriseservicestationorlocaldispatchoftheDSO.ItshouldbenotedthattheactualstandardIEC61968-9isalreadywidespreadandcapableofdealingwithSmartGridnecessitiesontheDSOlevelaswellasontheTransmissionSystemOperator(=TSO:operatorofthetransportsystemtypicallyfromabove15kVto400kV).

Theso-calledHeadEndSoftware(HES)andMeterDataManagement(MDM)areunderdevelopmentfromamorelocalscaletoabroaderarea-orcountry-level.

4.2.Energymanagementsystemevolution

In an ever evolving system development and detailing we see that system accessibility and datacollectionisofmajorimportance.

Figure11.EvolutionofEMSstructure

AsFigure11shows,energymanagementplatformsareevolvingfromverticalenergyvectorhandlingto an integrated approach, offering end-users an overview of all vectors consumed (as well asdetailedstatisticsandreports).Newtechnologydevelopmentsandenergy-vectorswillbeintegratednot only on the software side, but on the hardware side as well. Most up-to-date and futuredevelopingmarket players focus their research on this evolution.Market players have to act in adifferent way on their product development and change from solution-solving to what-if productdevelopment.Thisimpliestoworkonbusinessrolesofthemarketplayersinabroadwayincludingmobileoperators,stores,banksandcreditcardcompanies.


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Figure12.EvolutionofEMSsystemfunctionalities

ValorizingdatafromSmartMetersandSmartGridsrequiresdealingwithBigData.BigDataanalyticsin Demand Energy Management includes, among other strategies, load patterns recognition andcategorization,predictiveanalytics,distributeddataminingandcloudcomputing,toassessdifferentaspectsofthesmartgridsthatcannotbesolvedwithconventionaldataprocessingtechniques3.Theseplatformsareavailabletoday,capableofhandlingdifferentissuessuchasLoadManagement,activeswitchingandlimitinglocaldecentralizedproductionsuchassolar.ThesetypesofenergymanagementsoftwareplatformsareofferedbyallmajorplayerssuchasABB,Siemens,Landis+GyrorMOXA.AnexampleofthefunctionalitiesoftheLandisplatform:

3Diamantoulakis,P.D.;Kapinas,V.M.;Karagiannidis,G.K.Bigdataanalyticsfordynamicenergymanagementinsmartgrids.BigDataRes.2015,2,94–101.


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Figure13.FunctionalitiesandstructureoftheLandisEMS

4.3.PenetrationofmainmarketplayersinEUmemberstates

Studieshavebeenconductedtoclarifywhatfunctionalitiesintheplatformareneedtohaveandnicetohave.Theportfolioofenergymanagementsystemfunctionalitiesneedtoenableamoreefficientuseofresourcesinordertocomplywiththecustomer’sneeds.Theportfoliocancontain:

• Loadmanagementandcommunicationwiththelocalsmartmeter• Interactionwiththehomeenergymanagementsystem(orevenhomecareservices4)• Analysis of price fluctuation such as day/night regimes – unbalance – restore – frequency

support• Contractualservicesforbilling,statusofconsumptionetc.

4.4.EnergyManagementSystemsThemarket for (building)energymanagementsystems isverydivided,withhundredsof smallandlarge suppliers. The keymarket players here are typically the smart grid networking and solution

4HomeCareServicesintegratethehouse-securityandprotectionsystemaswellaselectricalkeysandotherservicesforlightingorheating


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providers,offeringawiderangeofproductsrelatedtometeringorutilitiesandtherelatedsoftwareasend-user‘packages’.SomeexamplesofimportantplayerEMSsoftware:

• ABBsmartgridtechnologies‘EkipPower’• GeneralElectric‘EnergyConnections’• Siemens‘EcologicAnalytics’• Landis+Gyr–‘GRIDiant‘

6. PersonalEnergyManagementSystems

Theenergymarketisplentyofenergymanagementtools,alsoitexistsalargevarietyonhowtheseservicesreachtheendconsumer,wewillanalyzeindetailtheexistingenergymanagementsystemsforresidentialconsumers,thewaytheyreachtheenduser,iftheyofferonlysoftwareproduct/serviceorhardware+softwareproduct,thefunctionalitiestheyareofferingtheuser,whicharetheircommunicationchannelsandwhichkinddatasourcearetheyusing.

ThecompaniesanalysedthatofferanEnergyManagementSystemarelistedinTable5.

Table5.Companies’productanalysedofferinganykindofenergymanagementsystem

Companyname CompanywebsiteEnerbyte http://www.enerbyte.com/Opower https://opower.com/C3IoT http://c3iot.com/products/

SilverSpring http://www.silverspringnet.com/Comverge http://www.comverge.com/Bidgely http://www.bidgely.com/Grid4C http://www.grid4c.com/products

Powerley http://www.powerley.com/MeterGenius https://metergenius.com/

CIMNEBeeGroup http://www.beegroup-cimne.com/solutions/Greenely https://greenely.com/Plugwise https://www.plugwise.com/Toon https://www.eneco.nl/toon-thermostaat/

GreenChoice https://www.greenchoice.nl/app/GreenPocket http://www.greenpocket.de/en/

Mirubee http://www.mirubee.com/Wattio https://wattio.com/en/Circutor http://circutor.es/esIntelen http://intelen.com/us/Watty http://watty.io/

BritishGas https://www.britishgas.co.uk/smarter-living.htmlFactorEnergia http://www.factorsmarthome.com/

FifthPlay http://www.fifthplay.com/Onzo http://www.onzo.com/Ijenko http://www.ijenko.com/


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Efergy http://efergy.com/Smappee http://www.smappee.com/be_en/energy-monitorNavetas http://www.navetas.com/Ecoisme https://ecois.me/en/Neurio http://neur.io/

SimpleEnergy http://simpleenergy.com/Egreen http://www.egreen.fr/

MyEnergy http://www.myenergy.com/Currentcost http://www.currentcost.com/

Dwelo http://dwelo.com/BENEnergy https://www.ben-energy.com/SolarCity http://www.solarcity.com/residential/mysolarcityEleniaOy http://www.elenia.fi/

Enel http://www.ilevia.com/products/enel-smart-info/Tendril https://www.tendrilinc.com/

Rockethome http://www.rockethome.de/en

Theparametersusedtoanalysethecopanies’solutionsarethefollowing:

Businessmodel

B2C:Residentialconsumerscancontractdirectlytheservicesandproductsprovidedbythesecompanies.

B2B:Companiesofferingtheirsolutiontootherbusinesscompanies.

§ Utility: Companies offering their solution to utilities as an added value service for

theircustomers.

§ Institutions/SmartCities:Companiesofferingtheirsolutiontopublicinstitutions,city

councils,municipalities,etc.

§ Communities/SME’s: Companies offering their solution to small and medium

enterprises(SME’s)orcommunitybuildings.

Channels

§ Smartphone app: Energy management platform available to be used through a

mobileapp.

§ Webportal:Energymanagementplatformavailablefromthecomputerinawebsite.

§ Newsletter/Reports: Frequent reports that summarize the consumer performance.

These can be paper reports or emails and the frequency of delivering such

informationisvaried.


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Functionalities

§ Comparison: Comparison tools are available for the consumer. It is important to

distinguishbetweendifferentlevelsorqualityofcomparison.

§ Community: The platform allows consumers to share their achievements with the

communityortointeractwithotherusers.

§ Gamification/Rewards: The solution includes the organization of friendly

competitionsthatcanberewardedwithvirtualpointsorbadges.

§ Prosumer: The possibility to monitor energy production from microgeneration

sources.

§ Temperature:Monitoringof thehome temperature is includedon theplatform. In

mostofthecases,thisislinkedtotheavailabilityofsmartthermostats.

§ Remote control: The platform allows consumers to remotely control heating,

appliancesorlighting.

§ Notifications: Possibility to send notifications to consumer for alert purposes,

irregularitiesoreventsorganizations.

§ Marketplace: A marketplace is incorporated within the platform. This can include

energyrelatedproductsornot.

§ Demand response: The platform allows consumers to participate in demand

responseprogramstosaveenergyduringpeakdemandevents.

§ Disaggregation:Thesolutionusesalgorithmstoidentifythepatternconsumptionof

someappliances.

Electricity:Thesolutionincludesmonitoringofelectricityconsumption.

Gas:Thesolutionincludesmonitoringofgasconsumption.

Water:Thesolutionincludesmonitoringofwaterconsumption.

Hardwarebased:Thesolutionusessometypeofhardwareproducttodeliverenergymanagementtools.

Typeofdata

§ Smartmeter:Consumptiondataisobtainedfromsmartmeters


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§ Submetering: Consumption data is obtained thanks to the installation of a gate

connectedtothehomeelectricbox.

§ Billing:Theonlyconsumptiondataavailableistheonepresentedinthebill.

“ANNEX2:Companiesofferingenergymanagementproducts/services

Thecompaniesthehavean*,areofferingalsosubmeteringdevices(hardware),mentionedin3.3.Choosingasub-meteringdevice.

Enerbyte http://www.enerbyte.com/Opower https://opower.com/C3IoT http://c3iot.com/products/

SilverSpring http://www.silverspringnet.com/*Comverge http://www.comverge.com/Bidgely http://www.bidgely.com/Grid4C http://www.grid4c.com/products

Powerley http://www.powerley.com/MeterGenius https://metergenius.com/

CIMNEBeeGroup http://www.beegroup-cimne.com/solutions/Greenely https://greenely.com/*Plugwise https://www.plugwise.com/*Toon https://www.eneco.nl/toon-thermostaat/

GreenChoice https://www.greenchoice.nl/app/GreenPocket http://www.greenpocket.de/en/*Mirubee http://www.mirubee.com/*Wattio https://wattio.com/en/*Circutor http://circutor.es/esIntelen http://intelen.com/us/*Watty http://watty.io/

BritishGas https://www.britishgas.co.uk/smarter-living.htmlFactorEnergia http://www.factorsmarthome.com/

FifthPlay http://www.fifthplay.com/Onzo http://www.onzo.com/Ijenko http://www.ijenko.com/*Efergy http://efergy.com/

*Smappee http://www.smappee.com/be_en/energy-monitorNavetas http://www.navetas.com/*Ecoisme https://ecois.me/en/*Neurio http://neur.io/

SimpleEnergy http://simpleenergy.com/Egreen http://www.egreen.fr/

MyEnergy http://www.myenergy.com/*Currentcost http://www.currentcost.com/

Dwelo http://dwelo.com/


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BENEnergy https://www.ben-energy.com/SolarCity http://www.solarcity.com/residential/mysolarcityEleniaOy http://www.elenia.fi/*Enel http://www.ilevia.com/products/enel-smart-info/Tendril https://www.tendrilinc.com/

Rockethome http://www.rockethome.de/enOpower

Opoweristheleadingcompanyoftheresidentialenergyefficiencysectormainlyduetoitshighamountoffinalcustomers.ItisaSoftwareasaService(SaaS)companyprovidingcustomerengagementsoftwaretomorethan95utilitiesin9countries,whichrepresentsanscopeofmorethan50Mfinalcustomers.Somefactthatdemonstratesitshighinfluenceinthesectorisforinstance,itsdominatingpositioninUSmarket(37%ofUShouseholds).

Opowerdefinehisproductasa“customerengagementplatformtailor-madeforutilities”.Itusessmartmetersdatatoinformcustomersabouttheirenergyconsumption(includingElectricityandGas).Thisinteractionwiththecustomerisdonethroughseveralchannels:amobileapp,awebportalandtheHomeEnergyReport(HER)whichprovidesacomparisonofenergyusewithneighboursinordertochallengethecustomertoamoreenergyefficientbehaviour.Asmanystudiesdefend,socialnormshavedemonstratedtobethemosteffectivewaytohaveanimpactoncustomerenergeticbehaviour,whereaseconomic,environmentalandcommunityincentiveshavelowerornoimpact.OthersignificantfeaturesfromOpower’ssoftwareare:rewardprograms,onlinebilling,utilitynotifications(forinstance,highbillalerts)andtargetedrecommendations.Furthermore,theplatformiscompletelywhite-labelledinordertobrandthewebportalandmobileappwitheachutilitybranding.

Theproductispresentedintwodifferentsides.Ontheonehand,itisademandsidemanagementtoolforutilitiesasitoffersenergyefficiencyadviceanddemandresponsepeakevents.Ontheotherhand,utilitiesalsobenefitfromitscustomercaresidebasedondigitalengagementandbilladvisorthatincreasesthecustomersatisfactionanditsloyalty.


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C3Energy

C3Energydefinesthemselvesasacompanytransformingtheenergyvaluechainbydelivering“Theinternetofenergy”.Infact,thevarietyoftheirproductsisverywidewithintheenergyvaluechain.Forinstance,theygiveadviceintheoilandgasindustry,helporganizationstoachievetheirsustainablegoalsandprovidecomplexsoftwaretoanalyseandprocessdata.

TheSmartGridapplicationssegmentisdividedintwosections:onededicatedtothebuildingandrunningprocessesregardingtheadvancedmeteringsystemandanothertoolnamedC3CustomerEngagementApplication.Thislastinstrumentaimstoofferanewcustomerengagementtoolforutilitiestointeractwiththeircustomers.

FocusingonC3CustomerEngagementplatform,itdifferentiatesthreetypesofcustomers:residential,commercialbusinessandindustrialenterprise.

The channels used to interact with the customer are through web portal, mobile app, mails andreports.Moreover,thefeaturesofferedareforinstance,acomparisonofenergyconsumptionwithanaverageefficienthomeorbusinessandthepossibilitytoearnrewards.Finally,theplatformisalsoavailable to be branded by the utility itself and it gives advice both on electricity and gasconsumption.


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SilverSpringNetwork

SilverSpringNetworkisaproviderofsmartgridproducts.SimilartoC3Energy,itsproductrangeisverywideandtheyoffermanytypesofservices.Forinstance,theydifferentiatebetweenfivetypesofbusinessfocus:smartcities,smartutilities,technology,intelligentdevicesandservices.

In the smart cities section, Silver SpringNetworkprovides guidance to cities in their challenges tomodernizetheinfrastructureinthewaytobecomeasmartcity.Thisisdoneforinstancebyaddingnew applications such as lighting/parking/traffic monitoring or including advanced meters forelectricity,gasandwater.

Regarding smart utilities, Silver Spring Network offers a customer engagement platform togetherwithotherservices.However,thissoftwaredoesnotcompeteinthebroadopenmarket,becauseitis only available for those utilities using their smartmeters. It is important to highlight that SilverSpringNetwork isalsoahardwarebasedcompanyselling intelligentdevicessuchassmartmeters,thermostats,InHomeDisplays(IHD)orElectricalVehicle(EV)chargers.

Its customer engagement platform for utilities is calledCustomerIQ and it is a tool for residential,commercial and industrial customers to manage better their energy consumption by providingrecommendationsandbillprojectionsthroughawebportal,amobileapporweeklyemailreports.Theplatformishighlyconfigurableandthedashboardisalsohighlyconfigurableallowingutilitiestointroduce theirownbranding.Moreover, as the resultof severalpartners’ agreements, it includesloaddisaggregationapplications.Besidesthis,SilverSpringNetworkalsoprovidesDemandResponse(DR)technologyforutilities.

Finally, SilverLink is an app store of industry-leading applications built by Silver Spring and otherpartners from different sectors (advanced metering, demand-side management, distributionautomation,smartcitiesandsoftware).Forinstance,Bidgelyisoneoftheirsoftwarepartners.Withinthis app store, they also offer CustomerIQ Solar which is a tool that utilities can offer to theircustomers with a prosumer profile in order to maintain their customer relationship.


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Comverge

Comvergeis a company that provides hardware, software and services to utilities related withdemandmanagement programs. In addition, it is considered the leading company in theDemandResponse(DR)industryandtheyserveover500utilities.

The hardware provided by Comverge goes from smart thermostats to remote control systems.IntelliSOURCEisthesoftwareplatformofferedwhichintegratesdemandresponse,energyefficiencyandcustomerengagementtools.Theplatformisaccessiblefromlaptops,tabletsandsmartphones,butitwasdesignedtobeusedfromamobiledevice.Itprovidesnormativecomparisonswithotherusers participating in the sameutility programand gives personalized tips. Furthermore, it canbealsoconnectedtosmartthermostatsfromComvergeorthird-partysuppliers,inordertocontrolandconfigure the home temperature remotely. Finally, the platform is also integrated with demandresponseprogramsallowingutilitiestomanagepeakloadevents.


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Bidgely

Bidgely is presented as “your personal energy advisor”. It provides individually energy efficiencyadvice, neighbourhood comparison tools, appliance itemization and solar disaggregation. All thesefeatures are presented in a web portal or a mobile app, and the user is also able to share itssuccessesthroughFacebook,Twitterandothercommunities.Despitetheyofferthisservicetoenduserspassing throughutilities, theplatformcanbe foundeither fromBidgelydirectlyor theutilitybranding. Therefore, in this case the utilitymay offer an energy efficient service as an outsourceserviceunderBidgely’sbranding.

Bidgely’stechnologyisbasedondisaggregationappliances,whichenablestoprovideinformationonhowindividualappliancesimpactthebill.However,tohaveamoreprecisereal-timeenergytrackingof individual appliances, they also developed a hardware namedHomeBeat Energy Monitor thatworksasabridgebetweenthesmartmeterandthehomerouterinternet.Thecostofsuchdeviceis35$whichismuchmoreeconomicallyaccessiblethanotherssmartthermostats.


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Grid4C

Grid4Cisasmartgridpredictiveanalyticscompanyfocusedonalltheactorswithintheenergyvaluechain.Theyprovidesoftwaretoanalysedatacollectedfromsmartmetersandconsequently,provideforecasts,energyefficiencyandcustomerengagementssolutions.

Thevarietyof theirproducts iswideas theyareofferedspecifically foreachparticipantwithinthevaluechain:utilities,distributors,retailersandenergyconsumers.

From thepreviousproducts,Grid4CCustomerEngagement is a softwareplatform focusedon finalenergyconsumers.Theinputinformationcomesfrompricing,customerdataandsmartmetersdata.Asa result, itoffersenergyefficiency solutions thatare translated intoeconomicprofit forenergyconsumersandcustomerengagementforutilities.

The software is available both in web portal and app. Some of its significant features are: non-intrusivedetectionofapp’s,demandresponseoptimizationsandcustomersegmentation.Thisallowsprovidingpersonalizedmessagestoinformaboutirregularitiesorgiverecommendations.


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Powerley

Powerleyisanewventurecreatedfromthecollaborationoftwocompanies:VectorformwhichisasoftwaredeveloperandtheutilityDTEEnergy.

They define themselves as the only utility-designed home energy management solution in themarket. Therefore, its solution is centred on the utility and is completely brandedwith the utilitybrand(“deliveringauniqueexperiencetoeachutility”).

Moreover, apart from the software, the complete package solution also includes two brandedhardware:first,anenergy‘bridge’thatworksasagatewaydeviceconnectedwiththesmartmeterinordertoreceivemorefrequentinformationfromitandthatcanbealsoconnectedtootherexternaldevices.Thisdevicecanbeconnectedwiththemajorityofhomesolutionsandtherefore,itallowstoremotely control thermostats, lights, etc. from the smartphone. Second, a smart thermostat thatcontrolsthehometemperatureremotelyandisconnectedtothepreviouslycalledenergy‘bridge’isalsoincludedonthepackage.Thecostofsuchdevicesdependsonhowmucheachutilitywantstocharge.InthecaseofDTEEnergy,itisofferedtotheircustomersforfree.

Theplatformprovidesrealtimeconsumptioninformation,applianceleveldisaggregationandenergyefficiencyrecommendationsfromself-learningandpersonalizationmethod.Moreover,italsooffersa collaborative system for peak demand response events. This system encourages customers toparticipateincommunityeventsandenablesutilitiestobettermanagetheirtargetedsavings.

Finally,averyinnovativefeatureoftheappistheso-calledPowerScantoolwhichreadsthemagneticfieldcreatedbyapowercableandprovidesthepowerconsumedandthecostassociatedwithitofanydeviceonlybyusinganiPhone.


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MeterGenius

MeterGenius offers to utilities a self-branded customer platform for energy management. Theplatform is available on web portal and mobile or tablet app. It gives general suggestions andrecommendationsonhowtosaveenergyandbecomemoreenergyefficiency.Moreover, itcanbeconnectedtooutsourcedevicessuchasthermostatsfromexternalproviders.

Special focus ismadeongamification. Inorder tomotivatecustomers, theyoffer rewardpoints tostimulategoodenergybehaviours,engagecustomers intotheplatformandcreate loyaltywiththeutilitybrand.

They differentiate themselves from other products (like OPower) by delivering a persistent-engagementplatformbecausetheircustomerscontinuetoseetheresultsduetotheirgamificationprograms. However, they claim that in other platforms the customer only sees the results at thebeginningandafterwardsheorshedeclines.


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Greenely

Greenely is a start-up from Sweden focused to help customer in decreasing their energyconsumptionbyofferingaplatformthatstimulatestheirenergybehaviour.Thesoftwareisavailablethroughutilitiesandtherefore,itisalsoacustomerengagementsolutionandawaytodecreasepeakcostsforthem.

The software is presented in an app and a web portal. To stimulate good energy performance,gamificationisoneoftheirkeyfeaturestogetherwithcomparisontoolsandcommunitybuilding.Tovisualize the energy consumption, the platform includes the design of a tree which is directlyinfluencedbythelevelofconsumption.


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Plugwise

Plugwise is a Dutch company offering different hardware based products related with wirelessenergymanagementandcontrolsystemsinordertoincreaseenergyefficiencyinprivatehouseholdsandbusinessorganizations.

Oneof their popular devices isSmile P1which connects the smartmeterwith the smartphoneortabletviawireless.Theconnection isdonethroughaP1portand therefore, it is required that thesmartmeterhasthisoutputsource.

Itworksasagatewayofconsumptiondatabothforelectricityandgas.Theappismainlyinformativepresentinghourly,daily,monthlyandyearlydata.Theapp isalsoavailable forprosumersallowingthemtomeasurebothproductionandconsumption.

Theproductincludingthehardwareandsoftwareisavailableatapriceof99€.

OtherproductsfromPlugwiseareAnnaandCoolding.Thefirstoneisasmartthermostatthatallowsthe user to control and schedule home temperature from his smartphone and it costs 249€. ThesecondoneisaninfrareddevicetoremotelycontroltheHVACfromthesmartphoneortabletwhichcosts149€.


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Eneco

EnecoisaDutchutilitycompanyofferingToon,anenergyefficiencyproductthatconsistsonasmartthermostat connected to smart meters. The package is composed by several elements as isconnectedviawirelesstotheboiler,theelectricityandgassmartmeters.

Itprovidesinformationonhowmuchelectricityandgasisbeingconsumedatanytimeandbyday,week,monthoryear.Besides this, ifdesired italsoofferssometipsonhowtosaveenergyand isabletocontrolremotelytheboiler.

The product is also available for non-utility customers. However, the cost of it varies: for Eneco’scustomers,theinstallationisforfreeandtheycharge3.5€permonthinthebill.Fornon-customers,theyhavetopaytheinstallationcost(75€)andamonthlyfeeof4.95€.

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