Cyclone

What are Cyclones?"Cyclone" is an intense whirl in the atmosphere with very strong winds circulating around it in anti-clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere.

The amount of the pressure drop in the centre and the rate at which it increases outwards gives the intensity of the cyclones and the strength of winds.

Criteria followed to classify cyclonesAs adopted by Meteorological Department of India1 knot - 1.85 km per hour

S.No.DisturbanceWind Speed (Knots)1.LowLess than 17.2.Depression 17-27(32-50 km/h)3.Deep Depression28-33 (51-62 km/h)4.Cyclonic storm34-47 (63-88 km/h)5.Severe cyclonic storm with a core of Hurricane winds48-63-(89-118 km/h)

How to avoid the catastrophe?Effective Cyclone Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan requires:A Cyclone Forecast - and Warning Service. Rapid dissemination of warnings to the Government Agencies, Marine interests like the Ports, Fisheries and Shipping and to General Public. Organisations to construct Cyclone Shelters in the cyclone-prone areas and ready machinery for evacuation of people to safer areas. Community preparedness at all levels to meet the exigencies.

Cyclone warning"Two Stage Warning SchemeThe first stage warning known as the "Cyclone Alert" is issued 48 hours in advance of the expected commencement of the adverse weather over the coastal areas. The second stage warning known as the "Cyclone Warning" is issued 24 hours in advance. Both cyclone "Alert" and "Warning" messages are passed to the AIR stations for repeated broadcast.

Catastrophic FailuresFoundations The uplift forces from cyclone winds can sometimes pull buildings completely out of the ground. In contrast to designing for gravity loads, the lighter the building the larger (or heavier) the foundation needs to be in cyclone resistant design.

Damaging Effects of Cyclone on HousesDue to the high wind pressure and improper connection of the house to the footings it can be blown away.

CYCLONES - Do's & Dont's Before the Cyclone season: Check the house; secure loose tiles, carry out repair works for doors and windows Remove dead woods or dying trees close to the house; anchor removable objects like lumber piles, loose tin sheds, loose bricks, garbage cans, sign-boards etc. which can fly in strong winds Keep some wooden boards ready so that glass windows can be boarded if needed Demolish condemned buildings Keep some dry non-perishable food always ready for emergency use

When Evacuation is instructed Pack essentials for yourself and your family to last you a few days, including medicines, special foods for babies and children or elders. Head for the proper shelter or evacuation points indicated for your area. Do not worry about your property At the shelter follow instructions of the person in charge. Remain in the shelter until you have been informed to leave

CYCLONES - Do's & Dont's

Post-cyclone measures You should remain in the shelter until informed that you can return to your home. Strictly avoid any loose and dangling wires from the lamp posts. Clear debris from your premises immediately. Report the correct loss to appropriate authoritiesCYCLONES - Do's & Dont's

*LandslidesA landslide is an catastrophic event where a block of earthen mass slides downhill.Cause significant loss of life and billions of dollars each year.

*LandslideSafe at the momentLandslidePreventive MeasuresLandslides: IntroductionStability AssessmentInjuryDeathEconomic LossDisruption to Transport LinksConsequences of Landslides

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*Slope before failure at CouvaSlope after Landslide

Training :Identification of Training needs.Scope of Training programmes.Training policy.Implementation of training.Principles of Disaster Management

Training (Contd.):

Design of training should be compatible to support tasks required to be performed after a Disaster at three levels.Foundational TrainingTeam TrainingCombined Organizational Training.Principles of Disaster Management

National Disaster Management FrameworkMinistry of Home Affairs - GoI

To make Disaster Management an integral part of National Development Agenda To promote Awareness and Education in Disaster Management To promote Human Resource Development in Disaster Management (master plan for training and capacity building) To develop Institutional Frameworks at the National and State levels for mainstreaming disaster management To establish multi-hazard preparedness, mitigation and prevention plans at all levels To enhance capacities at all levels for multi-hazard preparedness and response

POPULATION GROWTH

What is a population?A group of organism of the same speciesliving in the same habitat at the same time where they can freely interbreed 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

How can populations change?NatalityMortalityImmigrationEmigration 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

NatalityIncreases population sizeEach species will have its own maximum birth rateMaximum birth rates are seen when conditions are idealThis can lead to exponential growth 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

MortalityMortality reduces population growthIt operates more when conditions are not idealOvercrowding leading to competition, spread of infectious disease 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

ImmigrationIt increase population growthIt operates when populations are not completely isolated 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

EmigrationIt decrease population growthIt operates when populations are not completely isolated 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

InteractionsPopulation growth = (Natality + Immigration) - (Mortality + Emigration) 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

Population growthK123 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

Phases of population growthPhase 1: Log or exponential phaseUnlimited population growthThe intrinsic rate of increase (r)Abundant food, no disease, no predators etc

Phase 2: Decline or transitional phaseLimiting factors slowing population growth

2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

Phase 3Plateau or stationary phaseNo growthThe limiting factors balance the populations capacity to increaseThe population reaches the Carrying Capacity (K) of the environmentAdded limiting factors will lower KRemoving a limiting factor will raise K 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

Factors affecting the carrying capacityFood supplyInfectious disease/parasitesCompetitionPredationNesting sites

2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

*What is landslide?Here, the two picture on the right side depict landslides in real world. A landslide is an catastrophic event where a LARGE block of earthen mass slides downhill. Each year, landslides Cause significant loss of life and billions of dollars.*******