Cybercrime: From Kudos to ProfitGerhard Eschelbeck, CTO Sophos

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What do these businesses have in common ?

Interpol

“In the past, cybercrime has been committed by individuals or small groups of individuals. However, we are now seeing an emerging trend with traditional organized crime syndicates and criminally minded technology professionals working together and pooling their resources and expertise.

This approach has been very effective for the criminals involved. In 2007 and 2008 the cost of cybercrime worldwide was estimated at approximately USD 8 billion. As for corporate cyber espionage, cyber criminals have stolen intellectual property from businesses worldwide worth up to USD 1 trillion.”

FBIMasses of resources, details of activity. Most wanted page!

Cybercrime as a “Business”

An Interconnected Economy

Source: ENISA

Malware central to Cybercrime

“...individuals, normally working with others, with the capability to commit serious crime on a continuing basis, which includes elements of planning, control and coordination, and benefits those involved. The motivation is often, but not always, financial gain.”

SOCA

Organised crime

Malware was „Easy“ in the Early Days

The Michelangelo Virus

Current threat landscapeIn 1 slide

Ransomware• Ransomware

• Pay ransom to access locked/encrypted files

Simple• Password

protected archives

Medium• XOR• shift

Complex• RC4• Public key crypto

Recover data?

Ransomware (cont’d)Reveton: family of ransomware that locks users out of their machine

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=-qR3D-Jx6FQ

GEOIP lookup – locale specific lock pages

Ransomware (cont’d)Additional tricks to socially engineer victim. Fear factor.

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PoS Malware - Troj/Trackr

• Umbrella detection name for all Point of Sale (PoS) RAM scraping malware. Includes: Alina, Dexter, VSkimmer, Kaptoxa, Chewbacca, etc.

• Troj/Trackr-* steals payment data from the RAM of PoS systems.

• Adds socially-engineered filenames, network functionality, bots, packed etc.

• Installed DLL version – malicious DLL is registered as a service and performs the RAM scraping.

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Who does Troj/Trackr- target?

What about Mobile ?

Mobile malware growth accelerating

2011-12 2012-01 2012-02 2012-03 2012-04 2012-05 2012-06 2012-07 2012-08 2012-09 2012-10 2012-11 2012-12 2013-01 2013-02 2013-030

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000

Total Unique Samples

Anatomy of a hacked device

Crimeware kits‘Monetization’ : the bulk of today’s threats are automated, coordinated & professional

It’s all about traffic• Stolen FTP credentials

• Use sFTP! (should be enforced)• Vulnerable software on site

• Wordpress plugins• Image gallery• -> upload PHP shell/kit

• Vulnerable server• Patched?

• 0wned server• e.g. Darkleech

Compromised sites used to drive traffic. 85% of all bad stuff.

Drive-by downloads

“Monetization”

Crimeware in Action

A Global Challenge

Reporting a crimeYES. See NakedSecurity articles for links to advice.

Questions/Discussion?

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GE@sophos.com