curves ahead! a sunday driver’s tour of metadata, metasearch, and open linking
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Curves Ahead! A Sunday Driver’s Tour of Metadata, Metasearch, and Open Linking. Karen Calhoun Cornell University Library Prepared for the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Retreat March 18, 2005. Four Easy Lessons. Why you should care about metadata What metadata is - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Curves Ahead! A Sunday Curves Ahead! A Sunday Driver’s Tour of Metadata, Driver’s Tour of Metadata,
Metasearch, and Open LinkingMetasearch, and Open Linking
Curves Ahead! A Sunday Curves Ahead! A Sunday Driver’s Tour of Metadata, Driver’s Tour of Metadata,
Metasearch, and Open LinkingMetasearch, and Open LinkingKaren CalhounKaren Calhoun
Cornell University Library Cornell University Library Prepared for the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin RetreatPrepared for the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Retreat
March 18, 2005March 18, 2005
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Four Easy Lessons1. Why you should care about
metadata2. What metadata is3. Where metadata comes from and
how it’s shared4. Metadata and information
discovery systems
1.Why You Should Care: Strategic Decisions and Actions
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A Strategy for Libraries• Internal and external pressures
– External: library user communities have many choices for discovering the info they need
– Internal: lost opportunities because library staff skill sets lag behind
• Mandate: Carry forward the library’s role to organize the world’s information – Apply this role in the digital age– Embrace metadata as a sustainable strategic
advantage (the one with the best metadata, wins)
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Benefits of Metadata• Overcomes chaos
and infoglut (makes stuff easier to find and manage)
• Saves time• Lowers costs• Complements what
search engines, lists and directories do
• Can be shared, reused, and redistributed
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2. What Metadata Is• Definitions• Evolution: Before and After the Web
(B.W. and A.W.)• Thematic charts of metadata types
and functions• Recognizing metadata when you see
it• Examples: metadata record displays
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Definitions• “Data about data”
(what?)• ALA CC:DA studied 46
definitions!• “Structured, encoded
data that describe characteristics of information-bearing entities…”
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A Functional Definition*• Helps you find and/or manage
information• Serves particular purposes• Can be used by people or by machines• Often has structure and/or content rules• Can be created by people or by
machines*With thanks to Tom Turner, former Metadata Librarian, Mann Library, Cornell University
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Evolution: Metadata B.W. and A.W.
• B.W.– For finding and managing
library materials (mostly print)
– Catalog records (AACR and MARC)
– Shared cooperative cataloging systems
– Usually handcrafted, one at a time
– Highly structured and content-rich
– Expensive
• A.W.– For finding and managing
many types of materials, for many user communities
– Many types of records– Many metadata
repositories (most not shared or sharable)
– Sometimes handcrafted, sometimes machine-made, sometimes both
– Varied structure and content
– Can be less or more expensive than library cataloging
Types of Materials anda Sampling of StandardsText
Audio
Video
Numeric data
Images and objects
Geospatial data
Archival materials
Metadata Functions
Descriptive
Structural
Administrative
MARC, DublinCore, TEI
EAD
FGDC
VRA
ICPSRMPEG
Describes oridentifies inforesources
Facilitatesnavigation, retrieval, display
Facilitatesmanaging,using inforesources
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Recognizing Metadata When You See It (and When You Don’t)
• Embedded in HTML document• Database records• Many ways to display metadata
records• Examples
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3. Where Metadata Comes From and Where It
Can Go• Metadata projects• Creation and tools• Mapping and crosswalks• Interoperability
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Metadata projects: a checklist of questions to
consider• Who will be using the
digital collection, and how?
• How large is the digital project? What software and hardware will you use?
• What is the role of metadata in the project, and at what point will it be created? What is the workflow?
• What is the desired scope and depth of the metadata records?
• Who will be creating the metadata, and how? Is there existing metadata?
• Is staffing adequate? Can you afford the metadata you want?
• What standards will you use or adapt?
• Who needs to be involved in decision-making?
• How will this metadata be integrated into the library’s other collections, databases or catalogs?
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Metadata creation and tools
• Manual• Using templates
– DC-dot (http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/dcdot/)
• Re-using existing metadata– Cornell “sleek” records
What do we know about this image?Bowdoin College baseball team, c. 1896MMN item number 12388Brunswick, Cumberland County, MainePhotographic print25 x 34 cmContributed by Maine Historical SocietyDigitized by Maine Memory Network
Manual MetadataCreation -1-
What do we know about this image?Hedge Laboratory – Bates CollegePhotograph taken circa 1900MMN item number 7394Lewiston, Androscoggin County, MainePhoto transparency2.25 x 3.5 cmContributed by Lewiston Public LibraryFrom Gridley Barrows CollectionDigitized by Maine Memory Network
Manual MetadataCreation -2-
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Manual Metadata Creation: Sample
questions to discuss• What kind of metadata content do
you want to be searchable in your system?
• What is your policy regarding the form of corporate names?
• What is your policy regarding the formatting of dates?
Automated Generation of Metadata / Reuse of Metadata
Automated Generation of Metadata: A “Sleek” Catalog Record
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Mapping and Crosswalks
• Basis for sharing, reusing, redistributing metadata
• Basis for integrating multiple metadata types for federated searching (simultaneous searching of multiple collections)
• Example of a crosswalk: MARC to Dublin Core (http://www.loc.gov/marc/marc2dc.html)
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Interoperability• Defined by CC:DA
as:– “The ability of two or
more systems or components to exchange information and use the exchanged information without special effort on either system.”
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4. Metadata and Information Discovery
Systems• Key problems and issues• Next generation library systems
– ENCompass (Endeavor)– MetaLib (Ex Libris)– Others
• Metasearching and open linking under the hood
• Metadata’s role
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Key Problems and Needs
• PROBLEMS
– Countless information resources, little time
– Searchers on their own to be aware of collections, know how to link, know how to search
– • WE NEED TO HELP USERS QUICKLY AND CONVENIENTLY…
– Learn what collections are available
– Learn which collections are relevant to their needs
– Find the particular parts of collections that meet their needs
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A Next Generation Library System
• Manages metadata diversity• Integrates heterogeneous metadata
types for searching• Provides federated searching of local
and remote collections• Open linking: Provides seamless linking
among related information objects (e.g., a citation and the full text of the article)
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21st Century CatalogingLibraries need to
combine robust shared cataloging systems with new forms of metadata and with tying multiple forms of metadata into a single system.
Federated Searching (Metasearch) Under the
Hood• Web client
displays!• Metadata “lingua
franca”
• Metadata mappings
• Descriptive metadata definitions
• XML data
Dinner is served! Mixing bowls,
cooking, and serving dishes
Recipes
Characteristics of ingredients and how they are packaged
Raw ingredients
Open Linking & Link Resolvers
Source Link Resolver
MetadataOPAC
Link
Full Text
ILL
Link
Link
Open linking introduces a “resolver” into the linking process
OpenURL standardizesthis part of the communication
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Metadata’s Role
West Quoddy Head LighthouseMaine
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Your Turn to Work