curso de inglés para principiantes 1 dynamic english course carlos mirasierras

Curso de Inglés para principiantes (1) Dynamic English for Beginners (American English)by Carlos Mirasierras

Dynamic English for Beginnersby Carlos Mirasierras

Curso de Inglés para principiantes.

PFD Nº 1

Índice de contenidos:

Artículos determinados, EL, LA, LOS, LAS………………………………………………………..…..….. "the"

Verbos SER o ESTAR, HABER o TENER, HACER e IR……………... "to be, to have, to do, to go"

Preposiciones, CON & SIN…..……………………………………………………..…….…….."with & without "

Artículos indeterminados, UN / UNA……….………………………………………………………… "A (An)"

Artículo determinados en plural, UNOS, UNAS………………………………………….…………..."some"

Pronombres demostrativos ESTE, ESTA……………………..………………………………………..…"this"

Pronombres demostrativos ESE, ESA……………………………..…………………………………….…"that"

Pronombres demostrativos, ESTOS, ESTAS…………………………………………………………..."these"

Pronombres demostrativos, ESOS, ESAS……………………….....………………………………..…"those"

Verbo SER / ESTAR conjugado………………………..........................................."Iam, you are, he is…"

Verbo SER /ESTAR conjugado con ejemplos en afirmación, negación e interrogación…………………………………………………I'm, am I not?, are you not? Are they?, etc"

Pronombre interrogativo, QUÉ…………………………………………………………………..…....….."what"

Pronombre relativo compuesto LO QUE………………………………………………………..….…."what"

Pronombre interrogativo / relativo, CUÁL, CUAL……………………………………………..…."which"

Adverbio interrogativo y relativo DÓNDE, DONDE……………………………………..……...."where"

Verbo TENER / HABER

Pron. Interro. de cant. CUÁNTO, CUÁNTA, CUÁNTOS, CUÁNTAS…...How much, how many"

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Conj. Temp. y Adv. Temp. CUÁNDO, CUANDO………………………………………………..….…."when"

Estructura gramatical del haber, HAY……………………………………………….."there is, there are"

Locución adverbial y Conj. causal POR QUÉ, PORQUE………………………………"why, because"

Verbs Followed by Gerunds

Verbs Followed by Either Gerunds OR Nouns + Infinitives

Verbs Followed by Gerunds OR Infinitives (Similar Meaning)

Additional list

Sentences with:The (definite article)

The man, the men, the woman, the women, the car, the cars, the house, the houses, the dogs, the cats, the tree, the trees, the air, the fire, the soul.

Theair: aire car: coche; cars: cochescat: gato; cats: gatosdog: perro dogs: perrosfire: fuegohouse: casa; houses: casasman: hombre; men: hombres; soul: almatree: árbol; trees: árboleswoman: mujer; women: mujeres

First present tense verbs (los primeros verbos en presente indicativo):

To be (ser o estar)

I am (soy/estoy) you are (eres/estás;he (es/está)we are (somos/estamos) you are (sois/estais); they are (son/están)

To have (tener o haber)

I have (tengo/heYou have (tienes/has)He has (tiene/ha)We have (tenemos/habenosYou have (teneis/habeis)They have (tienen/han

To do (hacer)

I do (hago)You do (haces)He does (hace)We do (hacemos)You do (haceisThey do (hacen)

To go (ir)

I go (voy)You go (vas)He goes (va)We go (vamos)You go (vamos)They (go) (van)

Present tense of "be" (ser o estar) :

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The man is in the street now; he is in the street. The woman is in the shop; she is in the shop.The women dressed in white are at the station. The racing car broke down in the middle of the race. The house is situated near the harbor (port). The dogs are down in the basement. The trees of the park are home to many birds. The air is filled with a smell of ripe fruit.The number of people with diabetes is increasing (or on the rise). The members of the club are very satisfied with the changes.

To be at the station: en / por la estación (o inmediaciones)broke down: se averiódown in the basement: abajo en el sótanodressed in white: vestidas (ellas) de blancofilled with: lleno de, cargado deharbor (port): puerto home to many birds: hogar/refugio para muchas aves (this place is home to many people)in the shop: en la tiendaIn the stree now: en la calle ahorais increasing: está aumentando / en aumentois situated: está situada/omiddle of the race: en (la) mitad de la carrera)near the harbor: cerca del puerto (near the sea/road/wall/door: cerca de: mar/carretera/pared,etc.)number of people: número de personasracing car: coche de carrerassmell of ripe fruit: olor a (de) fruta madura)very satisfied: muy satisfecho(s)with the changes: con los cambios

Present tense of "have" (tener o haber):

I have some money in my pocket / I have to go today to the post office.You have the solution to the problem / you have to write the letterHe/she has the all the keys / he/ has to do his homeworkWe have the money that we need / we have to sign the deal.You both have a nice house / you have to take care of himThey have the best wine / they have to put things in order.

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To haveall the keys: todas las llavesbest wine: mejor winoboth: ambos, los doshave to go: tengo que/he de irhim: él (he<>him) (le di el dinero: I gave him the money)his homework: sus (de él) deberes (school tasks)nice house: casa bonita, agradablepost office: oficina postal, de correossome money: algo de dinerothat we need: que (nosotros) necesitamosthe deal: trato, acuerdo, pacto, etcthe letter: la cartato do: hacerto put (the things in order): poner ( las cosas en orden)to sign: firmarto take care of: cuidar de (I'll take care of the child), encargarse de (I'll take care of the business)to the problem: al problemato write: escribir

Present tense of "do":

I do my exercises every morning.You do things that are not normal.He does the best he can.We always do what they say.You do the things that people cannot doThey do the best milkshakes in town.

To doEvery morning: cada mañanathat are not normal: que no son normalesthat people cannot (can't) do: que la gente no puede hacerthe best he can: lo mejor que puede (aquí" can" no lleva la "s" típica del presente de indicativo de casi todos los verbos)

the best milkshakes in town: los mejores batidos en el pueblowhat they say: lo que (ellos) dicen

With & without (con & sin)

A car with four doors is a four-door car. She is with me, not with him.

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We eat Indian food with our hands.A house with a splendid sight on the sea.The ship is loaded with wood.I am without money.Without questioning the ordersHe signed the deal without knowing it (without knowing what he was signing).

With & withoutfour-door car: coche de cuatro puertashe signed the deal: (él) firmó el acuerdo, trato, etcis loaded with: está cargado de (con) sight on the sea: vista al (sobre el) marwhat he was signing: lo que estaba firmandowe eat: (nosotros) comemoswith a splendid: con una esplendida/owith me: conmigowith our hands: con (nuestras) las manoswithout knowing it: sin saberlo (saber ello)without questioning the orders: sin cuestionar las órdenes

The use and absence of the article "the".Wine in Spain is, in general, very good, but the wine of this region is excellent.

Flour is made from wheat, but the flour in this pot is made from maize.

Butter is a dairy product, but the butter produced in this farm is the best.

Trees are plants, but the trees of this road are ill.

Men are rational animals, but the men of this club are good sportsmen.

Cats are animals, but the cat on the roof is mine.

People tend to be generous, but the people of this generation are better informed.

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Rain in this area is seasonal, but the rain that fell yestarday was terrible.

Indefinite article in singular(Artículo indefinido singular: un , una)

A, before singular words beginning with a consonant: A car, a house, a book, a wall, a PC, a show, a shoe, a pen, a street, a bike, a tree, a road, a person, etc.

Exemptions, words that have a "yoo"(iu en español) sound: a European, a useful method, a university,

An, before singular words beginning with a vowel: An apple, an example, an old show, an old bike, an egg, an article, an explosion, an accident, an ant, an animal, an interesting book, an ambassador, an American, an Indian, an important case, and so on.

Indefinite article in plural (Artículo determinado plural: unos, unas)

Some, before plural words: Some cars, some house, some books, some walls, some PC's, some shows, some shoes, some pens, some streets, some bikes, some trees, some roads, some people, some apples, some examples, some old shows, some old bikes, some eggs, some articles, some explosions, some accidents, some ants, some animals, some interesting books, some ambassadors, some Americans, some Indians; some important cases, etc.

Sentences with:This (Este, esta, esto)

This is a history book; it's on the table, and the table is in this room.

This is a PC; it's my PC and it is two years old; it's a two-year-old PC.

This is the house that I want to buy when I have the money.

This is the first rule to take into account

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This is — is this?— this is not — this isn't — is not this?— isn't this?


This is not the best remedy for your ills. This is not best the street of the city.

This isn't the same seller who visited us last year.

This isn't an apple, it's a pear. This isn't your car, it's mine.

This isn't the first book that he wrote, it's the second.

Is this beautiful painting for sale? Yes. It is, and the price is very good.

Is this road as long as it seems? It's even longer than you can imagine.

Is this pain the result of an infection? Maybe.

Is this a sofa or an armchair? It's a sofa because it's a three-person seat.

Is not (isn't) this the best proof that this car is a good purchase? Yes, I agree with you.

Isn't this the watch that you lost a year ago. It seems it is.

Isn't this the best gift for her birthday? I think that she deserves something better.

Isn't this story too good to be true? It in fact sounds too good to me.

a good purchase: una buena compraa three-person seat: un asiento para tres personasas long as it seems: tan larga como parece (as……as: tan…..como)best gift: mejor regalobest proof (that this car): mejor prueba (que este coche)even longer than: aún más larga quefor sale: en ventafor your ills: para tus malesher birthday: su (de ella)cumpleañoshistory book: libro de historiaI agree with you: (yo) estoy de acuerdo contigo (I agree with you/him/her/them/Peter, etc.)I want to buy: quiero comprar in fact: de hechois two years old: tiene (es) dos años it also sounds: también (la historia) suenait seems it is: parece que sí / que lo es (it seems it is not: parece que no lo es)on the table: sobre la mesasomething better: algo mejorsounds good to me: me suena bien (suena bien la idea)take into account: tener en cuentathat he wrote: que (él) escibrió

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that I want to buy: que quiero comprarthat she deserves: que (ella) (se) merecethat you lost a year ago: que perdiste hace un año (a year ago, two/three/ four years ago)the same seller: el mismo vendedortoo good to me: demasiado bien para me (to me, this is a lie: para mí, esto es una mentira)watch: reloj (de pulsera)(clock: reloj de pared)when I have the money: cuando tengo (tenga) el dinerowho visited us (last year): que (quien) nos visitó (el año pasado)you can imagine: (tú) puedas/puedes imaginar

That (Ese, esa, eso, aquel, aquella)

That car is quite old.

That's the man who is in charge of the team.

That is a residue from the rain that fell last month.

That's what happens when people get drunk.

Is that the car that nearly caught fire in the garage? No, it was removed by the tow truck.

Is that wall as tall as the rest of walls? It's exactly the same size.

Is that chair made of wood or metal? It's made of aluminum.

Is that the only cause of the failure? No. there are many more causes

That's not my problem, it's yours.

That's not the shape of a woman.

That's not the origin of this disease.

That's not what she said when she was asked

Isn't that the definition of insanity? But only for a few.

Isn't that a reason to think that the story is false? It is in fact.

Isn't that love at first sight? I think it only has to do with sex.

Isn't that better than nothing? It's always better something than nothing.

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That is (that's) — is that? — that is not —that isn't — isn't that?


a few: unos pocosas tall as: tan alta como (as…as: tan…como)at first sight: a primera vistabetter than nothing: mejor que nadafailure: fallofor a few: para unos pocosget(s) drunk: se emborracha (to get drunk: emborracharse)in fact: de hechoit only has to do with: sólo tiene que ver conit's always better: es siempre mejor (más vale)it's yours: es ( problema) tuyo (it's mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs: es mío/tuyo/suyo…….)made of wood (wooden): hecho/a de madera (a wooden house / a house made of wood)many more: muchas más (causas)quite old: bastante viejoremoved by: retirado por (to remove the air from the bag: sacar el aire de la bolsa)that fell (last month): que cayó (el mes pasado)that nearly caught fire: que casi se incendió (to catch fire: incendiarse)that the story is false: que la historia es falsathe same size: el mismo tamañothe shape: forma, figurathere are many more: hay muchas más (pural)(there is/there's: hay, en sing.)to think: para (a) pensarwas removed by the tow truck: fue retirado por la gruawhat happens: lo que pasa/sucede/ocurre (what: that which, the thing that)what she said: lo que (ella) dijowhen she was asked: cuando (ella) "fue preguntada" (cuando le preguntaron)who is in charge of: que (quien) está a cargo de

These (Estos, estas)

These horses are from Arabia.

These stones are in the middle of the road.

These men are from the club opposite the Casino.

These books belong to that gentleman over there.

Are these bottles full or empty? All are full of water.

Are these printers compatible with window 7? Yes, they are.

Are these desks for my students? No, they're for the Biology classroom.

Are these your shirts? No, they aren't

These insects aren't native to these islands.

These carpets are not big enough to cover the broken tiles.

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These are— are these? — these are not — these aren't — are not these— aren't these?


These nuts are not rusty because they're made of stainless steel.

These aren't the buildings that the corporation bought.

Aren´t these more expensive than the other ones. Yes, but only a little.

Aren't these the folders that contain the data.

Aren't these problems a consequence of his negligence? Yes, they are.

Aren't these problems a part of the process? In principle, they are.

belong to: pertenecer abig enough: suficientemente grandebroken tiles: baldosas/losetas rotasbuildings: edificiosbut only a little: pero sólo un pococompatible with: compatible(s) condesks: pupitresfolder: carpetasfull of: lleno defull or empty: lleno o vacíohis negligence: su (de él) negligenciain principle: en principiomade of: hecho(s) dein the middle of the road: en mitad de la carreteramore expensive (than…): más caro(s) (que…)native to: originarios denuts: tuercas (también nueces)of his negligence: de su negligencia opposite the: en frente deover there: de allírusty: oxidado/ashirts: camisasstainless steel: acero inoxidablestones: piedrasthan the other ones (Comp.): que los otros (Comp.)that contain the data (Plu.): que contienen los datos (Datum: dato)that the corporation bought: que la corporación compróto cover: para cubrir

Those (Esos, esas, aquellos, aquellas)

Those animals were slaughtered without any hygienic guarantee.

Those are the worst students of the class.

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Those are — are those? —those aren't — are those not? — aren't those?


Those tires are neither the cheapest nor the most expensive.

Those pieces of broken glass on the ground are a risk for cyclists.

Those cakes are not suitable for overweight people.

Those teeth aren't big enough to be human.

Are those the biggest boxes in the shop?

Are those the players who were accused of cheating?

Are those coins from another country.

Are those pills safe for man with a heart disease?

Aren't those the same trees? No, they're alike, but they belong to another species

Aren't those maps too small to be detailed? Don't worry, these other maps are much better.

Aren't those recipes written in English? Well, most of them are in French.

Aren't those bits of wood too small to be used in the barbeque?

are a risk for: son un riesgo paraare much better: son (los mapas) mucho mejoresbig enough: suficientemente grandebroken glass: cristal rotobut they belong: pero pertenecen (ellos)coins: monedas (to coin: acuñar dinero, frases, etc)don't worry: no te preocupesmost of them: la mayoría de ellas (recetas) neither the cheapest nor the most expensive: ni los más baratos ni los más carosof cheating: de hacer trampason the ground: en/sobre el suelooverweight people: gente/personas con sobrepesopills: píldorasrecipes: recetassafe for: seguras parasuitable for: adecuados/ideales parateeth: dientes (tooth:diente) the biggest (boxes): las más grandes (cajas)the worst students: los peores estudiantesthey're alike: son (ellos) parecidostires: neumáticos (tyre: neumático)to another species: a otra especie (species en inglés es sing. & plu.)

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to be detailed: para ser detallado(s)to be human: para ser humano (el origen)to be used in the barbeque: para (ser usados en) la barbacoatoo small: demasiado(s) pequeño(s)very small: muy pequeño(s)were slaughtered: fueron sacrificadoswho were accused: que (quienes) fueron acusadoswith a heart disease: con una enfermedad cardiacawithout any hygienic guarantee: sin ninguna garantía de higienewritten in (English): escrito(s) en inglés

To be (ser or estar)

Present indicative: I am (soy/estoy); you are (eres/estás); he/she/it is (es/está); we are (somos/estamos); you are (sois/estais); they are (son/están)

I (Yo)

I am Christian, I'm twenty. My name is Christian

I'm French/German/Spanish, etc. I'm from France/Germany/Spain

I'm a student of English; I'm studying English in my country, and I think I'm a good student.

I'm the one who is here with you.

I'm quite interested in buying a new car

I'm not a physician but a nurse, and I'm twenty-five (years old).

I'm not the man that you think I am.

I'm not familiarized with this PC.

Am I eligible for the post? I'm afraid you're not.

Am I responsible for this mess? You're not, he is.

Am I not a human being? Yes, you are.

Am I not clever enough to find the solution?

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I am — I'mam I? —I am not —I'm not —am I not?)


Am I not the right worker for this job? Yes, you are, but things are different now.

Why am I not to be chosen for the post? Because somebody else is the favorite.

but a nurse: sino/ pero sí un/a enfermero/aclever enough: suficientemente listoeligible for: cualificado para, digno defamiliarized with: familiarizado/ acostumbrado confor this job: para este trabajofrom: de (proceder de)human being: ser humanoI think: (yo) creo, piensoI'm afraid: me temo (que)I'm studing: (yo) estoy estudiando (estudio)I'm twenty: tengo 20 añosin buying: en comprarIn my country: en mi paísin touch with: en contacto connow: ahora, en este momentophysician: doctor (en medicina)quite interested: bastante interesadoresponsible for (this mess): responsable de (este lío)somebody else: algún otro, otra persona, alguien mássure of: seguro/a de (algo)that you think I am: que tú crees que soythe one who: él que, quiento be chosen (for the post): ser escogido (para el puesto)to find: encontrarwhy…?: por qué…?

You (Tú, sing. & vosotros, plu.)

(Sing.) You are my friends and you're invited to my party.

You're an European citizen; you're from different European countries.

You're not soldiers of an army, but students of law in your own countries and you're here on vacation, and not for business.

You are now the person in charge of the team, so you're allowed to train the athletes.

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You are — you're — you are not — you're not — you aren't — are you? — are you not? — aren't you?


Are you in love with her? I think I am.

Are you following a diet? Yes, but only on weekdays.

Aren't you involved in this mess? No, I'm being falsely accused.

Aren't you interested in buying this truck? No, it's too expensive.

_________________________________________________________________________________

(Plu.) You two are teachers of English, so you're not trainee students, and you must care about the future of the people in your charge.

Both of you are an example to follow.

You are the ones (the persons) who carry the torch of knowledge, and (*) are admired by those who want to be like you. (*: ahora "you" no se repite porque ya está especificado en la inflexión inicial del verbo: You are the....)

Are you in touch with the president of the corporation? Yes we are.

Are you, as teachers of English, aware of the potential of the language. Yes, we certainly are.

Are you two the beneficiaries of the trust? Yes, we are.

Are you all in the army? Only me and John.

Aren't you, in your jobs, admired for your dedication? Not only for that, but for some other merits.

Aren't you, French, proud of your cuisine? Not only proud, but also lucky to have it at hand.

admired for: admirados porallowed (to be allowed): tener permiso (I'm allowed to do it: tengo permiso para hacerlo)as teacher of English: como profesores de inglés at hand: a manoaware of: al tanto de, enterados debut also lucky (to have it at hand): sino también afortunados (de/al tenerla a mano)but: sino, perocare about: preocuparos citizen: ciudadanodedication: esmero, dedicaciónfollowing a diet: siguiendo una dietafor business: de negociosfrom differet European countries: de diferentes (países europeos)

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I'm being falsely accused: se me acusa falsamente (estoy siendo acusado falsamente)in buying this truck: en comprar esta camionetain charge of: a cargo dein love with her: enamorado de ella (she<>her)in the army: en el ejércitoin touch with: en contacto conin your charge: a tu cargointerested: interesado/ainvited to: invitado/a ainvolved in this mess: implicado en este lío, follónjobs: trabajos, empleoslike you: como tú/ustedmust: deber (you must go: debes ir, es tu obligación) ("must" no va seguido de "to")on vacation (on holidays): de vacacionesonly on weekdays: solo entre semana, los días de cada díaproud of: orgulloso(s) desome other merits: (algunos) otros méritosthe ones: los queto be: ser (o estar)to follow: a seguirto train: entrenar too expensive: demasiado carotrainee students: estudiantes en prácticastruck: camión, camionetatrust: fideicomiso who carry: que (quienes) llevanwho want: que (quienes) quierenyour own: tus propios / vuestros propiosyou're allowed to train the athletes: tenéis permiso para entrenar a los atletas

He & she (Él & ella)

This is Charles, he's from Paris and is one of my best friends, and he's also studying English.

He's only child, not like me who is the oldest of a large family.

He's the man who climbed the tree to save the cat.

Is he the man who saved that child from drowning? I think he is.

Is he involved in a financial scandal? Yes, he is, but it's not the only scandal he's in.

Is he aware of the consequences of this deal? .

Isn't he the CEO who was fired last week? The very same.

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He /she ishe's/she'she is not he's not/she's not — he/she isn't — is he/she? is he/she not? isn't he/she?


Is he in the same group of climbers? Yes. He has been accepted as a professional sportsman.

Why isn't he aware of the latest news? Because he travels a lot.

Isn't he richer than most of the previous chairmen? He is, so far as he is able to earn money.

Isn't Sean at home now? I called him twice and nobody answered.

That is (that's) Carol, she's British. She's not interested in studying English because she already speaks this language.

She, like me, is also a nurse and is working full time, eight hours a day, five days a week.

She's always asking me about him.

She's the one (she's the person) who takes care of me (or looks after me) when I'm ill. That's why I fall ill so often.

She's not only a pretty face, she's also an excellent teacher.

She's not in the list of elected directors of the foundation.

Isn't she included in the agreement signed by the firm? Not at the moment.

Isn't she one of the top ten of the month? Not only this month, but also the previous ones.

Is she or isn't she in charge of the team? She's not in charge now.

able: capaz a lot: mucho, una gran cantidad, un montóna pretty face: una cara bonitaabout him: acerca de/por/sobre élalready speaks: (ella) ya habla (este idioma)as a professional sportsman: como (porque lo es) deportista profesionalasking me: preguntándomeat home: en casaaware of: al tanto de, consciente(s), sabedor(es) declimbers: escaladoreselected: elegido(s)fall ill: caer enfermo, enfermarfrom drowning: de ahogarse (from falling/burning/going: de caer/quemar/ir)has been accepted as: (él/ella) ha sido aceptado/ahe travels: (él) viaja

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he's only child: (él) es hijo únicoI called him twice: le llamé ( a él) dos veces (he<>him) (once: una vez; twice: dos veces)I think: (yo) creo, pienso, me parecein charge of the team: a cargo del equipoin studying: en estudiarincluded in the agreement: incluída/o en el acuerdo interested in studying: interesado/a en estudiarinvolved in: implicado/a enlike me: como yo, al igual que yolooks after (sb): cuidar de (alguien)not at the moment: no por el momentooccasionally (from time to time): ocasionalmente (de cuando en cuando)one of my: uno de mis (mejores amigos)nobody answered: nadie respondióprevious chairmen: anteriores presidentes (de un compañía)richer than most of: más rico que la mayoría designed by: firmado porso far as: en tanto en cuantoso often: tan amenudotakes care of (sb): cuida de, se preocupa de (alguien)the latest news: las últimas noticias/novedadesthe previous ones: los anteriores the top ten: los dies primerosthe very same: el mismo (que viste y calza)this deal: este trato/ acuerdoto earn: ganarto save: (para) salvar (It's a good measure to save money)was elected: fue elegido/awhen I'm ill: cuando estoy enfermowhether (Conj.): si (Conj.)(introduce dos opciones sí o no)who climbed: que (quien) (se) subió (climb a tree/mountain/wall) who is the oldest: que (quien) es el más mayor/viejowho saved: que (quien) salvówho was fired: que (quien) fue despedidoworking full time: trabajando a tiempo acompleto

It (Ello)

It is (it's) possible to know if it's real or not. It's only a matter of time.

It's raining now, so you better take an umbrella with you.

It's me who is going to pay for the medical bills.

It's him who knows the stuff.

It is of the utmost interest to know whether it is or not feasible/possible to carry out this project.

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It is — it's — it is not — it isn't — is it? — is it not? — isn't it?


It's not them who are suffering the consequences.

It's not (it isn't) the reason why I'm here.

It is not the color of the skin that makes the man, but it is the principles formed within the soul (Maria Steward).

It's not possible to know the right number of fish that swim in the seas.

It isn't us who laze around all day.

Is it true that you are from another association? No, it isn't (it's not).

It is neither yellow nor red, but a mixture of both colors.

Is it a problem for you this new approach? No, it's not

Isn't this a reasonable question for all of us / us all? It is indeed.

a matter of time: una cuestión de tiempoboth colors: ambos colores, los dos coloresfeasible: factiblefor all of us / us all: para todos nosotros (we<>us)it is indeed: lo es ciertamenteit isn't us who: no somos nosotros quienes (we<>us)it's him who knows: él es quien sabeit's me who is going to: soy yo quien va ait's not them who are suffering: no son ellos los que/quienes sufren/están sufriendoit's raining: está lloviendomixture of both colors: mecla de ambos coloresneither yellow nor red: ni amarillo ni rojonew approach: nuevo enfoqueof the utmost interest: de sumo interés, del máximo interésreasonable: razonabletake (an umbrella): coge (un paraguas)than the rest: que los demás/que el resto that swim in the seas: que nadan en los maresto carry out: llevar a caboto know: saber (en infinitivo)to paint: para pintar (this paint is used to paint walls)to pay for: pagar (por algo)whether (Conj.): (Conj.) si (es factible o no)which is: el cual es (que es) (which?: ¿Cuál?who laze around all day: los que (quienes)holgazanean todo el díawhy: por qué/ la razón por la quewithin the soul: dentro del alma, en el interior del almaworked harder: trabajamos más duroyou're wrong: estás/estais equivocado/s

18


We (Nosotros)

We are a group of friends who are not high school students and who still live with our parents. Although, we're not the typical group of slackers who live off their parents.

Are we under arrest? No, you're not, but stay in the city until you are summoned.

Are we supposed to stay in this country for a long time.

We're still waiting for an answer from them.

We aren't spongers either, but unemployed people with a lot of spare time.

We're not sure of this plan, so we are going to make sure of the best system.

We aren't afraid of the consequences of the trial.

Are you fond of reading? We're much more fond of sports.

Aren't we the lucky ones to have won the lottery? Not without a winning number.

Aren't we outnumbered? Only by two members.

a lot of spare time: un montón de tiempo librealthough: aunqueare we supposed (to stay): se supone que (debemos nosotros permanecer)are you fond of reading?: te gusta leer? (are you fond of reading/sports/Chinese food/cars, etc)but stay in the city: pero permanezcan en la ciudadeither: tampoco (en casos de negación)for a long time: durante /por un largo tiempohigh school students: estudiantes de institutomake sure of: asegurar(nos) deonly by two members: sólo por dos miembrosoutnumbered: ser superados en número, estar en minoría numérica (to be outnumbered by) slackers: vagos, holgazanesspongers: gorrones, parásitos, aprovechadosstay in the city: permanezcan en la ciudad (Imp.)still: aún, todavíasure of: seguro(s) dethe lucky ones: los afortunadosto have won (the lottery): de haber ganado (la lotería)

19

We are — we're Are we?— we are not — we're not — we aren't — aren't we? —


to stay: permanecertrial: prueba, test, juicio (Leg.)under arrest: bajo arrestounemployed: desempleado/s, en el p until you are summoned: hasta que sean (son) citados (por una autoridad judicial)waiting for (an answer): esperando (una respuesta) (to wait for: esperar algo, o a alguien)we are going to: vamos a (hacer algo / ir a algún sitio)we aren't afraid of: no temenos (no estamos atemorizados)we're much fond of sports: nos gustan más (somos más entusiasta de) los deporteswho live off: que (quienes) viven de / acuesta dewho still live with: que (quienes) todavía vivimos conwinning number: número premiado/ganador

They (Ellos)

They are (they're) the football team who asked for an discount for being a group.

They're also from London, like my friend Charles. They are very fond of good food and good wine. That's why they're here: for the food and the wine.

They're present at all competitions and are very happy with the idea of taking part in this contest.

Are they responsible for the climate change?. Yes, they are, but not only for that, they're also at fault for the pollution of the seas.

Are they as tall as it seems on the picture? They're not, it's an effect produced by the perspective of the background.

They are not conscious of the obstacles in the path to knowledge. Ask them if they can get more money.

Are they aware of the rules of the game? I'm not sure whether they are.

Why are they so angry with the news? Because they expected better results.

Why are they (the walls) painted in white? So they can be more visible.

Aren't they the same boys who were sat behind us? I think so.

Are they the same size as those in the shop? These are bigger.

Aren't they to be blamed for the arson? They're free of suspicion.

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they are — they're — are they?— they are not —they aren't —they're not —aren't they?; are they not?


Aren't they in touch with the rest of the group? Yes, they are, but only occasionally (from time to time).

Aren't they more happy with this house? They're indeed.

are they the same size as those: son (ellos) del mismo tamaño como esos (de la tienda)are very fond of: son muy aficionados/entusiasta a/dearson: incendio provocadoas tall as it seems: tan altos como (ello) pareceask them: pregúntalesasked for: pidieronat fault for: culpable(s) (to be at fault for: ser culpable(s) de)aware of: enterados, al tanto, tienen conocimiento de background: fondobehind us: detrás nuestro/de nosotrosbigger: más grande (the biggest: el más grande)can be (more visible): pueda(n) ser (más visible(s)can get: puede(n) conseguir conscious of: consciente(s) defor being: por serfree of suspicion: libre(s) de sospecha I think so: así me lo parece, me parece que sí, creo que síif (Conj.): si (Conj.)in the path to: en el sendero haciain touch with: en contacto conindeed: ciertamente, por supuesto, desde luego, etc.occasionally (from time to time): ocasionalmente (de cuando en cuando)of taking part: de tomar parte (en algo)painted in white: pintado(s) de (en) blancoproduced by: producido porresponsible for: responsable(s) deso angry: tan enfadado(s)so they (are more visible): así son (ellas) ser más visiblesthat's why: esa es la razón / es el por quéthe same size as those: el mismo tamaño que (como) esos..they expected: (ellos) esperaban (de expectativa) they're present (at all the competitions): están presentes (en todas las competiciones)to be blamed for: ser acusados devery happy: muy feliz/feliceswhether (Conj.): si (Conj.)(whether yes or no)who were sat behind us: que (quienes) estaban sentados detrás de nosotros (we<>us)

Present indicative I am (soy/estoy)you are (eres/estás)he/she is (es/está)we are (somos/estamos)you are (sois/estais)they are (son/están)

Simple Past TenseI was (fui)you were (fuiste)he/she was (fue)we were (fuimos)you were (fuísteis)they were (fueron)

Present ContinuousI am being (estoy siendo)you are being (estás siendo)he/she is being (está siendo)we are being (estamos siendo)you are being (estais siendo)they are being (están siendo)

Present PerfectI have been (he estado)you have been (has estado)he/she has been (ha estado)we have been (hemos estado)you have been (habeis estado)they have been (han estado)

Past Continuous Past Perfect Future Future Perfect

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I was being (estaba siendo)you were being (estabas siendo)he/she was being (estaba siendo)we were being (estábamos siendo)you were being (estábais siendo)they were being (estbaban siendo)

I had been (había sido)you had been (habías sido)he/she had been (había sido)we had been (habiamos sido)you had been(habíais sido)they had been (habían sido)

I will be (seré)you will be (serás)he/she will be (será)we will be (seremos)you will be (sereis)they will be (serán)

I will have been (habré sido)you will have been (harás sido)he/she will have been (habrá sido)we will have been (habremos sido)you will have been (habreis sido)they will have been (habrán sido)

Future ContinuousI will be being (estaré siendo)you will be being (estarás siendo)he/she will be being (estará siendo)we will be being (estaremos siendo)you will be being (estareis siendo)they will be being (estarán siendo)

Present Perfect ContinuousI've been being (he estado siendo)You've been being (has estdo …..)he/she's been being (has estado …)we've been being (hemos estado …)you've been being (habeis estado ….) they've been being (han estado ……)

Future Perfect ContinuousI will have been being (habré estado siendo)you will have been being (habrás e/s)he/she'll have been being (habrá e/s)we will have been being (habremos e/s))you will have been being (habrás e/s)they will have been being (habrán e/s)

Past Perfect ContinuousI had been being (había estado siendo)you had been being (habías e/s)he/she had been being (había e/s)we had been being (habiamos e/s)you had been being (habiais e/s)they had been being (había e/s)

Sentences with:What (Qué)

What this? This is hammer

What is your name? (open question) My name's Gerry.

What is the best way to write a book? (open question) First, you need a story. (Which is the best way of…..two, three, four, twenty, etc.?)

What's the use of a hammer? It's used to drive nails, among other things.

What is the color of the paint used to paint the doors? White for the inside doors and green for the outside ones.

What is it so important that you have in mind? It's about a new project on the use of algae for biodiesel.

What is the sum of these two numbers? It's equal to the same amount seen in another mathematical operation.

What's the use of worrying for the planet? It's a moral question that has to do with our children's future

What's the difference between a planet and a satellite? A satellite (or a moon) revolves around a planet.

What are the disadvantages of using this technology? Well, the worst is that it's very costly and slightly effective.

What are those guys doing here in the garden? They're cleaning the walls of the swimming pool.

What are the best systems of the network? Those that are virus-free.

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What — what is — what's — what are


What are reasons for the downfall of this empire? Its anachronism.

What are the colors of the rainbow? Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple.

What are the worst foods of this country? None, they're all good.

What (lo que, pronombre relativo)

This is what happens when one forgets his age.

They ignore what happened to the core (nucleus) of the reactor.

I wonder whether they knew what was the result.

We have to stick to what they said.

They speak of what they have experienced in life.

We never knew what the war really meant.

You're not aware of what this means to our generation.

Are you sure of what this means to us? It's what many people have in mind.

Never mind what they say, do what you heart says.

I wonder whether what he has in mind is correct.

They have finally deciphered what the code hid.

among other things: entre otras cosasamount: cantidadare you sure: estás seguroaware: enterado de, al tanto decleaning: limpiandocore (nucleus): centro, núcleodisadvantages: desventajas. do what your heart says: haz lo que tu corazón diga (dice) doing (here): haciendo (aquí)equal to: igual aguys: tíos, individuoshave finally deciphered: han finalmente descifradoI wonder (whether): me pregunto (si)

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in mind: en mente, en la cabezaits anacronism: su (de ello) anacronismo (it's its role in the world: es su papel en el mundo)need: necesitarnetwork: red (informática , de trabajo, etc.)never mind: no importa, no te preocupes porof using: de usarof what they have experienced (in life): de lo que (ellos) han experimentado(en la vida)of what this means to: de lo que esto significa para (a)(to mean: significar, querer decir)of worrying for: de preocuparse porrainbow: arco irisreasons for (the downfall): razones para(la caída de)revolves around (a planet): gira (da vueltas) alrededor de (un planeta)swimming pool: piscinathat has to do with (our children's future: que tiene que ver con (el futuro de nuestros hijos)that it's very costly: que es muy caro/costosothat you have in mind: que te ronda por la cabeza the outside ones: las de afuerathe worst is: lo peor es (que…)the worst: lo peorto drive: clavar (en este caso)to paint: pintarto stick to: ceñirse a (en este caso)to us: para nosotros (we<>us)to what they said: a lo que (ellos) dijeron (to say: decir)to write (a book, a letter, a note): escribir (un libro, una carta, una nota)virus-free: libres de virus, sin viruswe never knew: nunca supimos (to know: saber) what happened: qué occurrió what he has in mind (is correct): lo que tiene en mente (es correcto)what is the best way: cuál (qué)es la mejor manera de/para (open questionwhat many people: lo que mucha gente (people: nombre colectivo plural)what the code hid: lo que el código escondía (to hide: esconder)what the war really meant: lo que realmente la guerra significówhat they say: lo que ellos digan (dicen)what's the difference: cuál (qué) es la diferencia, qué diferencia es/haywhat's the use of: de qué sirveworst foods: peores comidas

Sentences with:Which (Cuál, cual, el cual)

Which is the best? (of two, three or more)

Which color of the list is the best for painting the fence? To me, the white color is the best.

Which have you chosen? I opted for the TV set with built-in auto-tune.

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Which of the two is cheaper? That one with short legs.

Which is the best way to go to London? Just follow this road.

I never remember which is which.

The house, which originally had only one tower, was built in 1875.

The car of which I'm speaking is not German but British.

The town in which we live / the town which we live in.

The places to which they go are quite far away.

I wonder which of them is the best for this job.

best way: mejor manera/caminobuilt-in: incorporado, de serie, de fábricabut British: sino Británicocheaper: más barato (cheap: barato; the cheapest: el más barato)fence: vallafor painting: para pintar (6 tips for painting with acrylics)have you chosen: has escogidoI never remember: (yo) nunca recuerdoI opted for: (yo) opté porI wonder: me pregunto (he wonders; they wonder : él se pregunta; ellos se preguntan)in which we live/ which we live in: en el cual vivimosin which we live (which we live in): en (la) que vivimosjob: trabajo, tarea, empleojust follow: sólo sigueof which I'm speaking: del cual estoy hablandoquite far away: bastante lejosthat one with short legs: ese de (con) las patas cortasthe best: el mejorto me: para mi (en mi opinión)to which: al cual / a los cualeswas built in: fue construido/awhich (originally): la/el cual (originariamente, en un principio)which of them: cuál de ellos (personas / cosas)

Sentences with:Where (Dónde, donde)

Where is the wine? It's cooling in the fridge.

Where is the ball? It's on the floor near the door.

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Where is - where's?

Where are?


Where's the flour? It's in the bowl that you bought yesterday.

Where is the money? It's in an offshore account.

Where is his car? It's parked in the garage next to my bike.

Where are the shopping bags? They're in the kitchen, close to the pantry door.

Where are the car keys? They're locked in a drawer.

Where are those socks that match your shoes? They're somewhere in the bedside table.

Where are the paintings? They're hanging on the wall.

That's the mansion where the crime took place.

Love is where the heart is; or so they say.

This is the place where his body is buried.

This is the place where the corpse was found.

It comes from where the sun sets.

The storm goes to where the air pressure is weaker.

Here is where all the money is kept.

Here is where we keep the car keys.

air pressure: presión del airebedside table: mesita de noche (mesa al lado de la cama)car keys: llaves del cocheclose to: cerca decooling (in the fridge): enfriándose en (el frigorífico)crime took place: occurrió el crimenflour: harinahanging on: colgados en (la pared)heart: corazónwhere his body is buried: donde su cuerpo está enterradois kept: se guarda (es guardado)it comes from: (ello) viene de (from: procedencia)locked in: bajo llave, encerradomansion: mansión

26


near the: cerca denext to: al lado de/próximo anobody knows: nadie sabeoffshore account: cuenta en el extranjero or so they say: o (al menos) eso dicenpaintings: cuadros (al óleo, acrílico, etc.)pantry door: puerta de la despensasomewhere: por/en algún sitio/ladosun sets: (de donde el) sol se ponethat match your: que hace(n) juego con tu(s)that you bought yesterday: que tú compraste ayer.that you bought: que (tú) comprastethe storm goes to: la tormenta v a/hacia, se dirige a /haciawas found: fue encontradowe keep: (donde nosotros) guardamosweaker: más débilwhere is his car?: dónde está su coche (his: su, de él)where the money is(where is the money): donde está/esté el dinero (no interrogativo)

Sentences with:To have (posesión)

Present Indicative: I have (he/tengo); you have (has/tienes); he/she has (ha/tiene); we have (hemos/tenemos); you have (habeis/tenéis); they have (han/tienen)

I have (I've) a lot of friends who think that I'm nuts but are delighted to have me at their parties.

Have I any chance of getting a job in this firm? Not many chances.

I have (I've) no idea what happened to the men who were in the mine.

I haven't much free time to play tennis.

Haven't I the right to be here? It's a matter of membership.

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I have— — have I?— (Sing.)you have — have you? — he/she/it has — has he/she/it —hasn't he/she/it — we have — we have not— we've not — we haven't — haven't we? (Plu.) you have— you haven't — haven't you?— they have —they haven't — have they? —haven't they?


______________________________________________________________

You have (you've) a series of common features with the rest of the students who belong to the same age group.

You have a gift and you have to use it.

You have no (haven't any) idea what he has in his mind.

Have you any idea of the origin of this song? I haven't any idea at all.

Haven't you any idea of the number of guests invited to the party? I only know that the party has been put off. _________________________________________________________________________________

He has the funds and the time to do it.

He hasn't the slightest idea of what happened.

Has he his passport in order? No, he has to renew it.

Hasn't he a 1974 Pontiac? No, it's a Ford Mustang Cobra.

_________________________________________________________________________________

She has a high intelligence quotient.

She hasn't any interest in buying that.

Has she any friends here? No, she hasn't, but she has met many people.

Hasn't she any boyfriend? She sometimes dates a guy from another city. _________________________________________________________________________________

It has roots, a stem, flowers, that is, all what plants have.

It hasn't any sugar added, that's why it's so healthy.

Has it (the house) the doors painted in yellow? No, you're mistaken.

Hasn't it a thick membrane that separates both chambers. Yes, but only in a few highly developed carburetors. _________________________________________________________________________________

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We have the solution to all your problems.

We haven't enough wood to build the kennel.

Have we a cousin named Henry? Well, his name is George.

Haven't we any chance of winning? We have no chances at all because we are at a disadvantage. _________________________________________________________________________________

You both have a very peculiar way of running this business.

Have you two (both) any problem with John's friends? Of course not, they have a problem with us (or, it's them who have a problem with us).

You haven't all the credit that you expected.

Haven't you a car? We had one, now we have a motorbike. _________________________________________________________________________________

John and Julia (they) have a lot in common, but Julia has more common sense than the rest of us.

They haven't much time to organize the championship.

Have they any objection to this project? They're not against it, on the contrary they favor it.

Why haven't they the courage to face reality? Because they're unaware of the reality in which we live.

Haven't they haven't plans of their own. They have only one project in mind.

Haven't they any alcohol license? No, that's why they were fined.

a few: unos / unas pocos/as (monedas, billetes, etc)a gift: un don (regalo)a lot in common: mucho (o un montón) en comúna stem: un talloagainst: en contraall what: todo lo queanother city: otra ciudadany chance: alguna oportunidadany money with you: algo de dinero (en tu poder, contigo)

29


any objection: alguna objeción any sugar added: (ningún) azucar añadidoat a disadvantaja: en desventaja at all: en absolutoboth chambers: ambas (las dos) cámarasboyfriend: noviochampionship: campeonatocourage: valor, corajecousin: primodates: (ella) se cita con / sale con (To data someone: salir con alguien mediate citas, citarse)delighted: encantado/aenough wood: suficiente maderafirm: empresa, compañía flowers: floresfree time: tiempo librefunds: fondosguests invited to: personas invitadas aguy: tío, individuo has been put off: ha sido aplazada, pospuestahas met: ha conocido (to meet:conocer por primera vez)have to use it: tienes (debes) usarlohigh intelligence quotient: alto coeficiente de inteligenciahighly developed: muy (altamente) desarrollado(s)I had one: (yo) tuve unain buying: en comprarin his mind: en (su) la cabeza, en mente in mind: en mentein order: al corriente (in order: en orden)in town: en (todo) el puebloin which we live: en la cual vivimosit's them who: son ellos quieneskennel: casita de perromatter: question, problemamaybe (Adver.): quizás, esposible (no confundir com may be: ser posible)membership: membresíamotorbike: moto(cicleta)objection to: objeción a/ haciaof course not: desde luego que no, claro que no, ni hablar of getting: de obtenerof running: de llevar (a business)of their own: propios (de ellos) (of my own: propios míos)of what happened: de lo que ocurrióof winning: de ganaron the contrary / to the contrary: al contrarioroots: raicessame age group: grupo de la misma edadshe sometimes: (ella) algunas veces, en ocasionesso healthy: tan sanothan the rest of us (Comp.): (más) que el resto de nosotros (Comp.)that I'm nuts: que estoy loco, majarathat is: es decir

30


that separates: que separathat you expected: que (vosotros) esperábais / confiábaisthat's why: por esa razón, por esothe slightes idea: la menor / la más mínima ideathey favor it: (ellos) lo aprueban, están a favorthick: grueso, denso, espesoto build: para construirto face (reality): afrontar (la realidad)to have me: de tenerme (a tenerme)to organize: para organizarto play tennis: para jugar al tenisto renew (it): renovar(lo)unaware of: no ser consciente de, desconocer (to be unaware of something)very peculiar way: (una) manera muy peculiarwe had one: tuvimos uno (Pret. Imp. del verbo to have)were fined: fueron multadoswhat happened to (them): lo que les ocurrió a (ellos) what he has: lo que (él) tiene who belong to: que (quienes) pertenecen awith us: con nosotroswith you: (contigo) encimayou're mistaken: estás equivocado, estais equivocados

Present IndicativeI have (he/tengo)you have (has/tienes)he/she has (ha/tiene)we have (hemos/tenemos)you have (habeis/tenéis)they have (han/tienen)

Simple Past tenseI had (había/tuve)you had (habías/tuviste)he/she had (había/tuvo)we had (habíamos/tuvimos)you had (habíais/tuvísteis)they had (habían/tuvieron)

Present ContinuousI am having (estoy teniendoyou are having (estas t..)he/she is having (está t..)we are having (estamos t…)you are having (estais t…)they are having (están t…)

Present PerfectI have had (he tenido)you have had (has tenido)he/she has had (había tenidowe have had (habíamos tenido))you have had (habíais tenido)they have had (habían tenido)

Past ContinuousI was having (estaba t…)you were having (estabas t…)he/she was having (estaba t…)we were having (estábamos t…)

Past PerfectI had had (había tenido)you had had (habías tenido)he/she had had (había tenido)we had had (habíamos tenido)

FutureI will (I'll) have (habré/tendré)You'll have (habrás/tendrás)he/she will have (habrá/tendrá)we'll have (habremos/tendremos)

Future PerfectI will have had (habré tenido)you will have had (habrás t…)he/she will have had (habrá t…)we will have had (habremos t…)

31


you were having (estabais t…)they were having (estaban t…)

you had had (habíais tenido)they had had (habían tenido)

you'll have (habreis/tendreis)they'll have (habrán/tendrán)

you will have had (habreis t…)they will have had (habrán t…)

Future ContinuousI'll be having (estaré teniendo)You'll be having (estarás t…)he/she'll be having (estará t…)we will be having (estaremos t…)you will be having (estareis t…)they will be having (estarán t…)

Present Perfect ContinuousI have been having (he estado teniendo)you have been having (has estado t….)h/she has been having (ha estado t…)we have been having (hemos estado t…)you have been having (habeis estado t…)they have been having (han estado t…)

Future Perfect ContinuousI'll have been having (habré estado t…)You'll have been having (habrás estado t…)he'll have been having (habrá estado t…)we'll have been having (habremos estado t…)you'll have been having (habreis estado t…)they'll have been having (habrán estado t…)

Past Perfect ContinuousI had been having (había estado teniendo)you had been having (habías e/t)he had been having (había e/t)we had been having (habíamos e/t))you had been having (habíais e/t)they had been having (habían e/t)

Sentences with:How (Cómo)

How are you? I'm fine.

How far is the next city? Some twenty miles.

How wide is the road? Enough for two cars.

How deep is the lake? More than eighty meters in depth.

How high is the mountain? Less than a quarter of a mile.

How heavy is a whale? It depends on its age and size.

How tall are you? Taller than him.

How dense is the air? It depends on the altitude.

How is it that I only have two calls in the answering machine? The land line has been out of service for six hours.

I wonder how to cook this chicken.

I know how to do it, so don't worry for me.

He wonders how to improve the results.

chicken: pollodon't worry for me: no te preocupes por míenough for two cars: suficiente para dos cochesin depth: de profundidadhe wonders: (él) se preguntahow deep is: qué profundidad tiene (cuán profundo es)how dense is: qué densidad tiene (cuán denso es)how far: a qué distancia está (cuán lejos está)

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how heavy is: qué peso tiene (cuán pesado es)how high is: qué altura tiene (cuán alto es)how is it that: cómo es que…how tall are you: qué altura tienes (cuán alto eres)how to cook: cocinarhow to do it: cómo hacerlohow to improve: cómo mejorar how wide is: qué ancho tiene (cuán ancho es)I know: (yo) séI wonder how: me pregunto cómo I'm fine: estoy bien

Sentences with:

How much, how many (Cuánto, cuántos, como pron. interrg. y como pron. relat de cant.)

How much money is needed to buy a house like that? Around a hundred and fifty thousand bucks cash.

How much sugar is left in the sugar bowl? Only a few spoonfuls for two cups of coffee.

How much of your money is invested in securities or bonds? It is a secret that nobody is to know, at least for the moment.

How much love can you give? Tons of it.

How much of the imported fuel is missing? Almost sixty litters.

How much light is absorbed by this screen? All the light coming from any source.

______________________________________________________________________________

How many cars are parked in this street? More than twenty-five and less than forty-four. Is it a riddle? It certainly is.

How many of your classmates know that today is Mary's birthday? Only a few of them are in the know

How many boats are taking part in the race? Around sixty boats from U.S. and sixty-five from Europe.

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How many soldiers lost their lives in this war? Nobody knows how many.

How many of them are infected by the virus? There aren't many, but the risk of an epidemic is high.

How many data are missing from the hard drive? About forty percent of it.

a few spoonfuls: unas pocas cucharadasabout: al rededor dearound: alrededor de, cerca dealmosy: casiare left: quedan (también is left: queda (en singular)are missing: faltan (están desaparecidos)are parked: están aparcadosat least for the moment: al menos por el momentobucks cash: pavos (dólares) al contadoby the screen: por la pantallacan you give?: puedes (tú) dar?coming from any source: proviniente de, ( que venga de) cualquier fuente, procedenciafuel: combustiblelin the know: saber(lo), (to be in the kno: estar en el ajo)infected by: infectado(s) poris absorbed by: es absorbida poris high: es alto (el riesgo) (pero, él es alto: he's tall)is invested: está invertidois left: queda (Sing. del verbo quedar)is missing: falta (está desaparecido)is needed: se necesita (es necesario)like that: como esalight is absorbed: luz es absorbidalost their lives: perdieron (ellos) sus vidasMary's birthday: el cumpleaños de Marymore than…..and less than…..: más que/de….y menos que/denobody knows: nadie sabe (everybody knows: todo el mundo sabe)riddle: adivinanzataking part: participan (participar, tomar parte)to buy: comprar (para comprar)to know: saber (nobody is to know: nadie va a saber, tiene que sabertons of it: toneladas

Sentences with:When (Cuándo, cuando)

When is the party? Tomorrow night at eleven.

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When is Helen's birthday? It's on February 31st. What? February has only twenty-eight days, and twenty-nine every four years. I know, I was only joking.

When is Christmas this year? It's always on December 25th.

When are the shops open? At nine, more or less.

When are politicians going to tell the truth to the people? The day (that) pigs fly.

When are the 2012 Oscars? On February 20th.

When is Marcia's birthday? Next month on the 24th.

When is better for you, weekdays or weekends? Any day.

When is your next appointment? In a couple of weeks.

___________________________________________________________

The moment when man set foot on the Moon.

This is the moment when everybody starts to sing.

The day when the sun blinked.

They are there when they're needed. I remember when I was a boy.

Nobody knows when John is getting married, nor when he's going to buy a house.

This marks the day when this country stopped being a colony.

February is the month when applications are processed.

The bomb went off when the car was rolling over it.

any day: cualquier díaat eleven: a las onceat nine: a las nuevecouple of weeks: par de semanasevery four: cada cuatroeverybody starts to sing: todos (cada uno del grupo) empiezan a cantarFriday night: viernes por la nocheHelen's birthday: el cumpleaños de Helenhe's going to buy (a house): (él) va a comprar (una casa)(to be going to): ir a a un sitio, o a hacer algo)I was a boy: (yo) era un muchacho

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I was only joking: sólo estaba bromeandois getting married: se casait falls on December25th: (ello, el día) cae siempre en (to fall on: caer en) diciembre 25)it's always on: es (ello) siempre en man: el hombre (la raza humana)marks the day: señala el díamore or less: más o menosnext appointment: próxima cita (con el médico, abogado, etc)next month: el próximo mesnobody knows: nadie sabeon the 24th: el 24 (de ese/este mes)open: abierto(a/as/os)set foot on: puso el pie en/sobrestopped being a colony: dejó (cesó) de ser una coloniathe sun blinked: el sol parpadeóthey're needed: son requeridos, se les necesita (son necesitados)to tell: decir, contar (to tell the truth: contar la verdadup above: allí arribawas only joking: sólo estaba bromeandowas rolling over it: (estaba) pasando/rodando por encima weekdays or weekends: entre semana o fin de semanawent off: estallówhen applications are processed: cuando las solicitudes son tramitadaswhen are polititians going to (tell )....?: cuándo van los políticos (cuándo están yendo ellos a) decirwhen are the shops open?: cuándo abren (estan abiertas) las tiendaswhen is the party: cuándo es la fiesta

Sentences with:There be

There is some money in my pocket, and it's mine.

There's some dust on the furniture and on the floor.

There's a digital camera in the drawer that takes good pictures.

There is a lot of damp in all the house and it’s an inconvenience for all who live in it.

There is knowledge in her speech, as well as there is wisdom in her.

There is some sugar in the bowl, but there isn't any coffee in the coffee pot.

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There is — is there —there is not — there is no — there isn't — isn't there?__________________________

there are — there are not — there aren't — are there — aren't there?


There isn't any reason to believe that the leader is dead.

There is no gasoline in the tank, but there's a gas station ahead.

There isn't much hope of finding him alive, but there are some people who believe otherwise.

Is there any umbrella available for me? Yes, there's one in that closet over there.

Is there any money left in the bank. There are only two hundred and twenty-five dollars.

Is there any sort of procedure to revive dead nerves? There's none so far.

Isn't there a cure for this disease? Not yet, but there are many hopes to find one

There are reasons to believe that he robbed the money.

There are too many stars in the sky to be counted in a single life.

There are moments when I think that there's no solution (there isn't any solution).

We must be sure if there are enough resources to start this project.

Are there any empty boxes in your office? Only two are left.

Why are there cops everywhere? Because a murderer has escaped from the jail

Are there any spare parts for this car? I'm afraid there are not.

Aren't there any tests for heartburns? There are some, but they are being improved.

Why aren't there two-tailed frogs? Because frogs haven't any tail at all.

Aren't there people who are actually trained to do this task? There are no more than ten in this city.

How is it that there aren't any traffic lights in this street? Because the traffic is very scarce.

a cure for: una cura para, un remedio paraa lot of damp: mucha (un montón) de humedad

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ahead: (más) adelanteany sort of: algún tipo deany tests: algunos (tipos de) prueba, testas well as: así comoat all: en absolutocloset: armario ropero, cuartito cops: polis, policias, disease: enfermedadenough resources: suficientes recursos (neough sugar: azucar suficiente)everywhere: por/en/a todas parte, por doquierfor all who live in it: que (quienes) viven en ella from the jail: de la carcel (from: de, indica procedencia, origen, etc.)has escaped: has escapadoheartburn: acidez, ardor (de estómago)how is it that……?: cómo es que……….?I think: pienso, creoI'm afraid there are not: me temo que no hay in a single life: en una única/sola vidain the bowl: en el cuenco (sugar bowl: azucarero)is dead: está muerto/ais there any money left: queda (algún) dinero (to be left: quedar)it's an incovenience: (ello) es un inconvenienteit's mine: (ello) es míomany hopes: muchas esperanzasmurderer: asesinonot yet: todavía no, aún noof finding him alive: de encontrarle vivo (he<>him)only two are left: solo quedan dos (only two/ten/two thousand, etc. are left)past the sattionery: pasada la papeleríaprocedure: procedimientosome dust on the furniture: "algo de) polvo sobre los muebles (mobiliario)spare parts: piezas (partes) de recambio (también de sobras)tests: pruebas, algún testthat has to do with: que tiene que ver conthat he does: que (él) hacethat he robbed: que (él) robó)that sells all sort of: que vende todo tipo/clase dethat takes good pictures: que hace buenas fotografíasthere are no more than: no hay más de ("hay no más de")there is no: no hay nada de (there isn't any)there isn't any coffe: no hay (nada de) caféthere's no solution: no hay (ninguna) soluciónthere's none so far: no hay ninguno hasta ahorathey are being improved: (ellos) están siendo mejoradosto be counted: para ser contado/a/sto believe: para creer (a creer) (Seeing is believing: veer es creer)to do this task: para hacer esta tareato find one: de encontrar unato revive (dead nerves): reaminar, restablecer, recuperar (nervios inertes) (Med.)to start: poner en marcha, iniciar, comenzartoo many: demasiados/as

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traffic lights: semáforostwo-tailed frogs: ranas de dos colasumbrella available: paraguas disponiblevery scarce: muy escasowe must be sure if: (nosotros) debemos asegurarnos (debemos estar seguros si…)when I think: cuando pienso/creo (que….)who are actually trained: que (quienes) están cualificadoswho believe otherwise: que (quienes) creen lo contrario (otherwise: lo contrario)why?: por qué?wisdom in her: sabiduría en ella (she<>her)How is it that.....?: Cómo es que.....?

Sentences with:Why & because (por qué & porque)

Why is daddy so angry with me? Because you're not a good student.

Why is the door open. Because the keys are missing and the lock is broken.

Why is there so much water in here? Because one of the pipes burst and flooded the room.

Why is this room so dark? Because the light bulbs that Gerry bought give a very dim light.

Why is the sky blue? Because it has to do with the light that comes from the sun and strikes (impacts) the atmosphere.

Why isn´t there a solution for this sort of problems? Because solutions don't come easy.

Why are flowers so important to plants? Because they allow pollination.

Why are you still buying this wine? Because it's still a good wine and the price is OK.

Why aren't they allowed to study here? Because the rules of the Institute are very strict with regard to admission requirements.

Why aren't the girls accepted in the team? Because they're too young to practice this sport.

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admission requirements: requisitos de admisiónallowed: permitido, se les permiteare missing: están perdidas/desaparecidasbought: compró (that I/you/he/we/you/they bought)burst and flooded: reventó/reventaron e inundó/inundarondaddy: papá, papidon't come easy: no resultan fáciles (don't come easy: no vienen fáciles)give a very dim light: dan una luz muy tenue has to do with: (ello) tiene que ver con / está en relación conin here: aquí adentro (out there: ahi afuera)it's still a good wine: sigue siendo/todavía es (un buen vino)lock is broken: cerradura está rotaprice is OK: precio es bueno, correctoso angry with me: tan enfadado conmigoso dark: tan oscuroso important to (plants): tan importante/s para (las plantas)still buying: seguir comprando/todavía comprasstrikes (impacts)(the atmosphere: impacta, colisiona (con la atmósfera)team: equipothat comes from: que viene de, procede dethey allow pollination: ellos/as permiten la polinizaciónthis sort of problems: este tipo de problemasto practice: para practicarto study: estudiartoo young: demasiado joven(es)with regard to: con respecto a

Sentences with:Who (Quién, que, el que, la que, los que, quienes; como pronombre relativo)

Who is (who's) that guy in the car? He's Walter, the man who is responsible for the car crash.

Who has the car key? John has it.

Who's this girl on the picture? It's Mary, my wife.

Who opened the door when the rain was so heavy? Garry did.

Who is in love with Liz? Sean is.

Who broke the sound barrier? Charles Yeager in 1947.

Who bought that pair of sneakers? A guy with a big hat on and a pair of gloves.

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Who of you is in command? Me, and this is the second in command.

This is the man who knows the truth.

The woman who has the biggest hands.

Those who are in the list are the cream of the college.

Are these the players who won the game? Here are some of them.

I asked him who of them is Alice.

a pair of gloves: un par de guantesbought: compróbroke: rompiócar crash: accidente de cochecar key: llave del cochecollege: universidadcream: flor y nata, la crema de, lo mejor defabric sneakers: zapatillas de tela (loneta, etc)Garry did: Garry lo hizo (hizo la acción de abrir la puerta (did: p. imp. del verbo "do" como auxiliar)guy: tío, individuohere are some of them: aquí están algunos de ellos (they<>them)I asked him: (yo) le pregunté (he<>him)in command: al mandoin love with: enamoradoin love with: enamorado/a de (en amor con) it's Mary: (ella, la chica) es Maryon the picture: en / de la fotografíaopened: abrióresponsible for: responsable desneakers: zapatillas so heavy: tan intensasound barrier: barrera del sonidowho are in the list: que (quiénes) están en la listawho has the biggest hands: que (quien) tiene la manos mas grandes (the biggest hands/feet/eyes, etc.)who knows the truth: que (quien) sabe la verdadwho of you: quién de vosotros / ustedeswho of them (is Alice): quién de ellos/as (es Alice)who opened…?: quién abrió…-?who won the game: que (quienes) ganaron el juego /la partidawife: esposa (wives: esposas)with a big hat on: con un sombrero grande (on: encasquetado, puesto) (You can leave your hat on)

Verbs Followed by Gerunds

Admit (admitir) He admitted cheating on the test.

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Advise (aconsejar)

The doctor generally advised him drinking low-fat milk.

Allow (permitir) Ireland doesn't allow smoking in bars and public places.

Anticipate (tener previsto/pensado, calcular, predecir, etc.)

I anticipated arriving late at the meeting / to work.

Nobody anticipated that Hurricane Katrina would breach the levees in New Orleans.

Appreciate (agradecer)

I appreciated him helping me.

I appreciated him not over paying for old talent

Avoid (evitar) He avoided talking to her. He narrowly avoided going to jail

Begin (empezar) I began learning Chinese. They began doing what they do best

Can't bear (aguantar, soportar)

He can't bear having so much responsibility. We can't bear the idea of not working together

Can't help (no poder evitar

He can't help talking so loudly. They can't help being so excited about leaving mummy and daddy......

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Can't see (no poder imaginar, comprender, etc.)

I can't see paying so much money for a car. I cannot see going to do a concert and having a set number of tunes....

Can't stand (soportar, aguantar)

He can't stand her smoking in the office. I can't stand them singing that garbage

Cease (cesar, parar de)

The government ceased providing free healthcare. We ceased working with this network in June 2012

Complete (terminar acabar)

He completed renovating the house. We completed making our commitments for....

Consider (considerar, tener en cuenta)

She considered moving to New York. We have considered accepting the offer of Eunice.

Continue (continuar)

He continued talking. We have continued making payments to keep the house.

Defend (defender)

The lawyer defended her making such statements.

Delay (retrasar) He delayed doing his taxes. They could have delayed paying tax on some of their income until retirement.

Deny (negar, rechazar, desmentir)

He denied committing the crime. So we deny accepting the fault when it happens.

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Despise (despreciar, detestar)

She despises waking up early. I despise carrying out products a second time.

Discuss (discutir, analizar)

We discussed working at the company. But I may have to discuss buying one.

Dislike (desagradar)

She dislikes working after 5 PM. Do you like or dislike working for a female boss/supervisor?

don't mind (no importar)

I don't mind helping you. We don't mind paying high prices in a restaurant.

Dread (temer, tener miedo de)

She dreads getting up at 5 AM. Children dread going to the dentist.

Enjoy (disfrutar, gozar de)

We enjoy hiking. Children enjoy reading events at libraries.

Finish (terminar) He finished doing his homework. I just finished reading a really amazing book.

Feign (fingir, hacer ver)

He feigned looking for the bathroom. He once feigned being mentally challenged so that he could be waited on by his mother returns.

Hate (odiar, aborrecer)

I hate cleaning the bathroom. We hate eating at fancy restaurants with high prices.

Imagine (imaginar)

He imagines working there one day. In our thoughts we imagine going to a beach.

Involve (implicar,

The job involves traveling to Japan once a month.

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conllevar) This diet involves fasting.

Keep (continuar, mantener, etc.)

She kept interrupting me. We kept walking along the shore talking for hours.

Like (gustar) She likes listening to music. I like walking along these lively streets.

Love (gustar, encantar, etc.)

I love swimming. I love talking about books

Mention (mencionar, citar)

He mentioned going to that college. Every time I mentioned travelling to Russia on my own.

Mind (importar, etc.)

Do you mind waiting here for a few minutes. I don't mind going now.

Miss (echar en falta, etc.)

She misses living near the beach. I don't miss smoking.

Need (necesitar) The aquarium needs cleaning.

Neglect (descuidar, desatender)

Sometimes she neglects doing her homework. He neglected doing his daily chores.

Permit (permitir) California does not permit smoking in restaurants. This law does not permit carrying firearms while drinking.

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Postpone (posponer, aplazar, etc)

He postponed returning to Paris. I will have to postpone buying a new laptop.

Practice (practicar)

She practiced singing the song. Kids can practice cutting straight, curved and zigzagged lines

prefer (preferir9 He prefers sitting at the back of the movie theater. I would prefer eating at home to going to a restaurant.

Propose (proponer)

I proposed having lunch at the beach. They proposed paying $196 million toward the Economic Recovery Notes.

quit (dejar de, etc.)

She quit worrying about the problem. I quitted smoking a long time ago.

Recall (recordar, etc.)

Tom recalled using his credit card at the store. I can recall being much younger.

Recollect (recordar, rememorar)

She recollected living in Kenya.

Recommend (recomendar)

Tony recommended taking the train. I recommend insisting on a third-party inspector.

regret She regretted saying that. I regretted having told you that your order had been cancelled.

remember I remember telling her the address yesterday. She remembered having heard that story.

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Report (denunciar, poner en conocimiento)

He reported her stealing the money. These are the employers who reported knowing the scores.

Require (requerir, necesitar, demandar)

The certificate requires completing two courses. It requires studying the theory concepts with analytical detail.

Resent (molestarle)

Nick resented Debbie's being there. I resent paying the exorbitant parking fees in Miami Beach.

Resist (resistirse a; resistir, etc.)

He resisted asking for help. I resist buying his bronze cormorant.

Risk (arriesgarse, arriesgar, etc.)

He risked being caught. I risked losing my sight but it was all worth it.

start (empezar, comenzar)

He started studying harder. They started building a bathroom.

Stop (parar) She stopped working at 5 o'clock. They stopped driving when they moved to cities.......

Suggest (sugerir) They suggested staying at the hotel. He suggested remaining calm, following the officer's instructions.

Tolerate (tolerar)

I tolerated her talking. I can't tolerate drinking milk.

Try (probar, intentar, etc.)

Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip. I tried painting the walls in my living room and made a huge mess.

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Understand (entender, comprender, etc)

I understand his quitting. I understand doing these sorts of things, and maybe.......

Urge (urgir, instar, etc.)

They urge recycling bottles and paper. We also urge developing a program committee.

Verbs Followed by Either Gerunds OR Nouns + Infinitives

advise I advised seeing a doctor. I advised them to see a doctor.

allow Ireland doesn't allow smoking in bars.

Ireland doesn't allow people to smoke in bars.

encourage

He encourages eating healthy foods.

He encourages his patients to eat healthy foods.

permit California doesn't permit fishing without a fishing license.

California doesn't permit people to fish without a fishing license.

require The certificate requires completing two courses.

The certificate requires students to complete two courses.

urge They urge recycling bottles and paper.

They urge citizens to recycle bottles and paper.

Verbs Followed by Gerunds OR Infinitives (Similar Meaning)

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can't bear

He can't bear being alone. He can't bear to be alone.

can't stand

Nancy can't stand working the late shift.

Nancy can't stand to work the late shift.

cease The government ceased providing free health care.

The government ceased to provide free health care.

continue She continued talking. She continued to talk.

hate He hates cleaning dishes. He hates to clean dishes.

like Samantha likes reading. Samantha likes to read.

love We love scuba diving. We love to scuba dive.

neglect He neglected doing his daily chores.

He neglected to do his daily chores.

prefer He prefers eating at 7 PM. He prefers to eat at 7 PM.

propose Drew proposed paying for the trip.

Drew proposed to pay for the trip.

Additional list:

advise Doctors generally advised doing exercise.allow The European Union doesn't allow smoking in bars.anticipate I anticipated getting stuck in traffic.appreciate I appreciated Danny helping me. avoid He avoided talking to her.

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begin I began learning Spanish.can't bear He can't bear being late.can't help He can't help drinking so much.can't see I can't see us living in London.can't stand He can't stand her smoking in the street.cease The government ceased providing free healthcare.complete He completed renovating the house.consider She considered moving to Amsterdam.continue He continued talking.defend The lawyer defended her making such statements.delay He delayed replying to the letter.deny He denied committing the crime.despise She despises waking up early.discuss We discussed working at the company.dislike She dislikes being ignored.don't mind I don't mind helping you.dread She dreads meeting her in-laws.encourage He encourages eating healthy foods.enjoy We enjoy swimming.finish He finished doing his homework.forget I forgot giving you my book.hate I hate doing the ironing.imagine He imagines working there one day.involve The job involves travelling to Japan once a month.keep She kept interrupting me.like She likes listening to music.love I love reading.mention He mentioned going to the theatre tonight.mind Do you mind waiting here for a few minutes.miss She misses living near the shops.need The aquarium needs cleaning.neglect Sometimes she neglects doing her homework.permit Most hotels do not permit smoking in restaurants.postpone He postponed returning to Paris.practice She practiced singing the song.prefer He prefers sitting at the back of the movie theatre.propose I proposed having lunch at the beach.quit She quit worrying about the problem.recall Tom recalled using his credit card at the store.recollect She recollected living in Spain.

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recommend Tony recommended taking the train.regret She regretted saying that.remember I remember telling her the address yesterday.report He reported her using office property for her personal use.require The certificate requires completing two courses.resent Peter resented Danny's being there. resist He resisted asking for help.risk He risked being caught.start He started studying harder.stop She stopped working at 5 o'clock.suggest They suggested staying at the hotel.tolerate I tolerated them being at the party.try Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip.understand I understand his quitting.urge They urge recycling bottles and paper.

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curso de inglés para principiantes 1 dynamic english course carlos mirasierras

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