curriculum ii semester

7/18/2019 Curriculum II Semester

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/curriculum-ii-semester 1/6

PHYSIOLOGY

SEMESTER: II

Contents/System

1) Haemopoietic System 4 Weeks - 20 Hours2) Cardiovascular System (CVS) 6 Week - 28 Hours) !espiratory System 6 Weeks- 18 Hours

Unit : Haemopoietic System (4 wees! Tota"

Ho#$s: %&

S'

Contents Ho#$

s

Lect#$e

)ate

1 Haemopoietic system

*

"lood as a "ody #luid$

%lasma$&ormal co'stitue'ts o %lasma

vervie* o Haemopoiesis

• !ed "lood Cells$ +ypes, distriutio',.

/rytrocytes$ orpoloy,#u'ctio's, ate,

'ormal cou't,!"C i'dices, %CV, CV, CH, CHC,

raility, aemolysis.

*

• /rytropoiesis$

3e'itio', staes, !eulati' actors a'd

cli'ical useul'ess.5'aemia$ %ysioloical asis o causes

a'd treatme't.

%

• Wite lood cells$ Classicatio',

morpoloy, developme't, 'ormal cou'ts

a'd u'ctio's.P"ate"ets$ morpoloy, u'ctio's.

%

+"oo, -$o#ps:5luti'oe's, aluti'i's, a'dsti'er a*,

5" roup, 7'erita'ce, ! roup.

*



+"oo, T$ans.#sion: !elatio' to lood

roups, 7'dicatio's, Ha9ards.

E$yt$o0"astosis .oeta"is1 Hemolytic

disease o &e*or'.

*

Hemostasis:

Pysio"o-y o. Coa-#a"ation

7'tri'sic a'd e:tri'sic eca'ism, Clot

retractio',#iri'olysis, test or clotti',&atural a'd oter a'ticoaula'ts.

*

UIT II: Ca$,io2asc#"a$ System (3 wees! Teo$y: %4

Ho#$s

1

Heart - a Mechanical Pump:

Design of systemic and pulmonary circulation.

Introduction of the terms: pressure, flow, resistance.

Types of blood vessels, their functions.

*

2

Properties of Myocardiac Cells:

Site of generation of cardiac impulse: pacemaker tissue,

mechanisms of spontaneous generation of

impulses, specialized conducting system, its importance,

electrical properties of working myocardial

cells, molecular basis of contraction and ecitation,

contraction coupling.

!ll " or " none phenomenon, length"tension relationships.

#rank"Stralings $aw, neural influences, effect of %a&'

ions and chemicals on myocardial contractility.

%

Cardiac Cycle:

(echanical and electrical events, pressure"volume

relationship.

*

4;

Heart Sounds:

)ormal, (urmurs " origin of systolic and diastolic

murmurs in relation to cardiac cycle and their

hemodynamic effects

*

<;Arterial Pulse:

)ormal, abnormal, types, characteristics.*

6

Electrocardiography:

Definition, uses, principle, waves and their genesis, *%+

recording techniues.

*



=

Cardiac Output:

Definition, normal values and variations, ma-or

determinants of cardiac output and regulation.

egulation of heart rate and stroke volume.

#ick/s principle and its application.

%



6

Haemodynamics of Circulation:

Definition of terms 0 pressure, flow, resistance, velocity.

$aminar flow, turbulent flow, eynold/s number,

1oiseuille law, factors affecting blood flow and

resistance, critical closing pressure.

$ocal regulation of blood flow to tissues " )eural,

humoral and autoregulation. 2role of vasoconstrictors

and vasodilators3,

%

=

Arterial Blood Pressure and Its egulation:

Definition, normal value, variations, measurement, mean

arterial pressure, determinants.

%ardio"vasomotor centers, higher influences

egulation of 41

Short term refle control " baroreceptors, their

significance.

(echanism of refle control, its limitations.ole of chemoreceptors, %)S ischemic response

$ong term control " egulation of blood volume and

pressure"

ole of kidneys , !!S, , !)1 !D5,

eabsorption of tissue fluid

8

Microcirculation

#unctional anatomy, mechanism of formation and

absorption of tissue fluid 2Starling/s forces3 mechanism

and routes of absorption of tissue fluid, 6rigin of

lymphatics, #ormation, circulation and functions of lymph. *dema.

>

egional Circulation:

%oronary, cerebral, cutaneous, splanchnic, foetal.

)ormal values, special features, regulation.

10

Cardio!ascular Changes "uring E#ercise:

%ardiovascular changes during eercise, 4eneficial

effect of tracing an 5, S7, 41 and blood flow in

muscle.

*ffect of 8+/ on cardiovascular functions.

11

Hypo!olemic Shoc$ - Pathophysiology

Definition and causes, compensatory mechanisms 0 short

term and long term.

Decompensation in shock



Unit III: Respi$ato$y System:

1

%unctional Anatomy of espiratory System:

#unctional anatomy, composition of air in atmosphere

and alveoli, gas laws*

2

Mechanism and Mechanics of Breathing:

(ovements of thoracic cage during respiration.

(uscles involved and their nerve supply.

Intrapleural, intrapulmonary pressures and volume

changes during inspiration 9 epiration.

1ressure"volume inter"relationships.

$ung compliance, surfactant, airway resistance.

ork of breathing.

%

Spirometry:

$ung volumes 0 capacities: definitions, normal values,

significance.

*

4

Pulmonary Circulation:

#unctional anatomy, distribution, special features 9

factors influencing.

*

<

Pulmonary &as E#change:

!lveolocapillary membranes, diffusion capacities, partial

pressure gradients, factors influencing

diffusion of gases.

(easurement of diffusion capacity using carbon

monoide.

!pplied physiology 0 shunt and alveolocapillary block.

7entilation 0 perfusion ratio and its importance in

respiratory diseases.

%

6

&as 'ransport:

O#ygen transport:

factors influencing the combination of haemoglobin with

oygen.

6ygen dissociation curve: plot, features, physiological

advantage of its shape, factors affecting the

shift of curve, 4ohr effect.

Car(on dio#ide transport: tissue production, carriage in blood and release at the

lungs.

ole of red blood cell, chloride shift, role in acid"base

balance, 5aldane effect.

%arbon monoide transport and its effects

%

= egulation of espiration: *



)eural control: medulla, pons, vagus.

%hemo"receptors: peripheral, central, chemical, non"

chemical.

Influences on respiration, integrated responses.

8

espiration in )nusual En!ironments:Types of hypoia

5igh altitude hypoia, space flight.

Deep sea diving 0 nitrogen narcosis.

5yperbaric oygen and oygen toicity.

*

>

A(normal Breathing:

!pnoea, hyperpnoea, tachypnoea, dysponea: definition,

features, physiolological basis

*

10

Principles of Artificial espiration:

Definition, types, principles, indications, advantage and

disadvantages, 6ygen therapy; respiratoryfailure.

*

11Principles of *ung %unction 'ests and non respiratory

functions of the respiratory system*

12

Applied respiratory physiology

%yanosis and !sphyia. 1neumothora, *mphysema,

estrictive and 6bstructive 1ulmonary Diseases

*

curriculum ii semester

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